scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. FIELD ◽  
J. A. WOOLLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism

Balance studies with chimaera-derived sheep have provided good evidence for genetic control of phosphorus metabolism. Plasma concentrations, urinary and endogenous fecal excretion and efficiencies of absorption of P were similar within but different between four sets of triplets. The results were confirmed with a larger group of chimaera. Key words: Chimaera, sheep, phosphorus, genetics, metabolism

scholarly journals Atorvastatin Modulates Bile Acid Homeostasis in Mice with Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6468
Author(s):  
Hana Lastuvkova ◽  
Fatemeh Alaei Faradonbeh ◽  
Jolana Schreiberova ◽  
Milos Hroch ◽  
Jaroslav Mokry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Chow Diet

Bile acids (BA) play a significant role in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The present study evaluates the modulation of bile acid metabolomics by atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering agent commonly used to treat cardiovascular complications accompanying NASH. NASH was induced in mice by 24 weeks of consuming a high–saturated fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol diet (F), with atorvastatin administered orally (20 mg/kg/day) during the last three weeks. Biochemical and histological analyses confirmed the effectiveness of the F diet in inducing NASH. Untreated NASH animals had significantly reduced biliary secretion of BA and increased fecal excretion of BA via decreased apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (Asbt)-mediated reabsorption. Atorvastatin decreased liver steatosis and inflammation in NASH animals consistently with a reduction in crucial lipogenic enzyme stearoyl–coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase-1 and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cell pro-inflammatory signaling, respectively. In this group, atorvastatin also uniformly enhanced plasma concentration, biliary secretion and fecal excretion of the secondary BA, deoxycholic acid (DCA). However, in the chow diet–fed animals, atorvastatin decreased plasma concentrations of BA, and reduced BA biliary secretions. These changes stemmed primarily from the increased fecal excretion of BA resulting from the reduced Asbt-mediated BA reabsorption in the ileum and suppression of synthesis in the liver. In conclusion, our results reveal that atorvastatin significantly modulates BA metabolomics by altering their intestinal processing and liver synthesis in control and NASH mice.

PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ACTIVITY OF SOLUBLE HUMIC COMPLEXES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CACCO ◽  
G. DELL’AGNOLA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stem Curvature ◽  
Cytokinin Bioassays

Auxin and cytokinin bioassays were performed to test the biological activity of soluble humic complexes (SHC). "Pea split stem curvature" (auxin test) and "cucumber" tests (cytokinin test) did not show any quantifiable biological activity of SHC. On the contrary, "cress test" and "senescence test" offered good evidence of a hormonal-like activity 100 times lower than that of IAA (10 mg IAA∙g−1 SHC) and 10 times lower than that of N6 BA (100 mg N6 BA∙g−1 SHC). At a high concentration of SHC, toxic effects were evident, indicating the presence of inhibitory substances which counteracted the hormone-like activity of humic complexes. Key words: Plant growth regulators, soluble humic complexes

Taurine transport in epilepsy.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
H O Goodman ◽  
B M Connolly ◽  
W McLean ◽  
M Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Taurine Transport ◽  
Taurine Concentration ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsies ◽  
And Control

Abstract Previous studies of plasma taurine concentrations in epileptics have yielded equivocal results. We measured plasma and urinary taurine in 41 epileptic and 68 control subjects and found plasma concentrations among epileptics to be comparable in general to those of controls, but that two or three classes of plasma taurine concentrations, possibly genetically regulated, occur in both epileptic and control subjects. Our previous studies and data from the present study on taurine excretion revealed three excretion classes under genetic control. The principal finding is that epileptics include disproportionate numbers of low excretors (high reabsorbers), who are presumptive homozygotes for the allele effecting higher reabsorption. If confirmed, these findings suggest that the transport of taurine, rather than absolute taurine concentration, may explain the efficacy of taurine administration in some epileptics but not in others. The locus involved may be one component in the polygenic diathesis to the idiopathic epilepsies.

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

THE XYLOSE ABSORPTION TEST IN SHEEP BY ACTIVATION OF THE RETICULAR GROOVE REFLEX

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Adult Sheep

Activation of the reticular groove reflex in adult sheep by copper sulphate allowed orally administered xylose to pass directly to the abomasum. Peak plasma concentrations occurred 1.5–2.5 h later. The results are compared with those published for other species. Key words: Xylose absorption, sheep, reticular groove

Measurement of endogenous fecal excretion and true absorption of selenium in dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Koenig ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
W. T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Tracer Enrichment

A method combining balance techniques with an estimate of endogenous fecal selenium (Se) was evaluated as a measure of Se absorption in dairy cows. Endogenous fecal Se was estimated based on tracer enrichment in an index tissue (or fluid) that was assumed to represent enrichment of all endogenous sources of fecal Se. Two nonlactating Holstein cows fed a low-Se diet (0.035 mg Se kg−1 dry matter) were administered 4 mg Se-76, intraruminally, each day for 5 d (days 1–5). After a 10-d equilibration period, total collections of feces and urine were made at 24-h intervals for two 5-d periods (days 16–20 and days 21–25). On day 26 the animals were sacrificed and samples of all major tissues were collected. Samples were analyzed for total Se and Se stable isotope ratios. Selenium-76 enrichment was similar in tissues considered to be contributors to endogenous fecal Se, which supported the assumption that an index tissue could be used to estimate endogenous fecal excretion of Se. Endogenous fecal Se estimated from tracer enrichment in serum and liver was 22–36% of the total fecal Se excreted. True Se absorption was 10–16% of the daily Se intake. Key words: Selenium, stable isotope, tissue distribution, endogenous excretion, absorption, dairy cows

Genetic control of environmentally induced DNA variation in flax genotrophs

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Al-Saheal ◽  
A. S. Larik
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factor ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factors ◽  
Flax Genotrophs

Heritable changes can be induced in the amount of nuclear DNA of the Stormont Cirrus variety (PL) of flax when grown in the specific environments of nitrogen and phosphorus, but such changes did not occur in variety Royal (R). Changes occurred in the amount of nuclear DNA of R when the PL nuclear and cytoplasmic factors were introduced by crossing. In the experiments reported here, tests were made on the plasticity of the F1's of their reciprocal crosses to PL and R to understand why L and S genotrophs are stable. The results suggest that there may be a feedback from nucleus to cytoplasm in L0, which inactivates the cytoplasmic factor. Possibly a paramutation-like mechanism adjusts the different amount of DNA, or heterochromatin, between the homologous chromosomes in heterozygotes. L3 and S3 DNA has reverted to the same amount as in PL. This reversion in DNA appears to be accompanied by an increase in stability rather than in any gain in plasticity. Key words: environment, flax, genotrophs, DNA variation.

PLACENTAL TRANSPORT OF RETINOL IN EWES FED EXCESSIVE INTAKES OF VITAMIN A

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-256
Author(s):  
S. DONOGHUE ◽  
D. W. RICHARDSON ◽  
D. S. KRONFELD ◽  
D. SKLAN
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Ester ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Placental Transport ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Excessive dietary vitamin A intake increased plasma retinol transport and clearance in ewes and their fetal lambs. In addition, placental transport of retinol and fetal plasma concentrations of retinol, but not retinyl ester, were greater. Transfer of retinol from mother to fetus was 1.8 times greater. Key words: Vitamin A, retinol, placental transport, fetus

Nonsporulation in the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma ulmi: evidence for control by a single nuclear gene

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Ophiostoma Ulmi ◽  
Yeast Phase

A single nuclear gene controls nonsporulation in a novel isolate of the Dutch elm disease fungus Ophiostoma ulmi (Buism.) Nannf. This has been clearly demonstrated through segregation of the nonsporulating phenotype-in meiotic products recovered from crosses between a mutant nonsporulating isolate (WRB2-1) and wild-type sporulating isolates, between F1 progeny and their parents, and between F1 progeny. All crosses between nonsporulating and sporulating isolates yielded a 1:1 ratio for these two phenotypes in the meiotic products, whereas all crossings between isolates of the same phenotype produced meiotic products of that phenotype. The genetic stability of the nonsporulating phenotype was clearly shown when no disease symptoms were observed following artificial inoculation of the nonsporulating progeny into white elm, Ulmus americana L. Exposure to trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, did not shift the nonsporulating isolates to the yeast phase, which supports our findings that nonsporulation is under genetic control rather than metabolic control. Key words: nonsporulation, Ophiostoma ulmi, mutant, single nuclear gene, meiotic products.

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