PLACENTAL TRANSPORT OF RETINOL IN EWES FED EXCESSIVE INTAKES OF VITAMIN A

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-256
Author(s):  
S. DONOGHUE ◽  
D. W. RICHARDSON ◽  
D. S. KRONFELD ◽  
D. SKLAN
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Ester ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Placental Transport ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Excessive dietary vitamin A intake increased plasma retinol transport and clearance in ewes and their fetal lambs. In addition, placental transport of retinol and fetal plasma concentrations of retinol, but not retinyl ester, were greater. Transfer of retinol from mother to fetus was 1.8 times greater. Key words: Vitamin A, retinol, placental transport, fetus

scholarly journals High-Dose Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation to Bangladeshi Infants Increases the Percentage of CCR9-Positive Treg Cells in Infants with Lower Birthweight in Early Infancy, and Decreases Plasma sCD14 Concentration and the Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency at Two Years of Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 3005-3012
Author(s):  
Shaikh M Ahmad ◽  
M Nazmul Huda ◽  
Rubhana Raqib ◽  
Firdausi Qadri ◽  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Plasma Retinol

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin A (VA) stores are low in early infancy and may impair development of the immune system. Objective This study determined if neonatal VA supplementation (VAS) affects the following: 1) development of regulatory T (Treg) cells; 2) chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression, which directs mucosal targeting of immune cells; and 3) systemic endotoxin exposure as indicated by changed plasma concentrations of soluble CD14 (sCD14). Secondarily, VA status, growth, and systemic inflammation were investigated. Methods In total, 306 Bangladeshi infants were randomly assigned to receive 50,000 IU VA or placebo (PL) within 48 h of birth, and immune function was assessed at 6 wk, 15 wk, and 2 y. Primary outcomes included the following: 1) peripheral blood Treg cells; 2) percentage of Treg, T, and B cells expressing CCR9; and 3) plasma sCD14. Secondary outcomes included the following: 4) VA status measured using the modified relative dose-response (MRDR) test and plasma retinol; 5) infant growth; and 6) plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). Statistical analysis identified group differences and interactions with sex and birthweight. Results VAS increased (P = 0.004) the percentage of CCR9+ Treg cells (13.2 ± 1.37%) relative to PL (9.17 ± 1.15%) in children below the median birthweight but had the opposite effect (P = 0.04) in those with higher birthweight (VA, 9.13 ± 0.89; PL, 12.1 ± 1.31%) at 6 and 15 wk (values are combined mean ± SE). VAS decreased (P = 0.003) plasma sCD14 (1.56 ± 0.025 mg/L) relative to PL (1.67 ± 0.032 mg/L) and decreased (P = 0.034) the prevalence of VA deficiency (2.3%) relative to PL (9.2%) at 2 y. Conclusions Neonatal VAS enhanced mucosal targeting of Treg cells in low-birthweight infants. The decreased systemic exposure to endotoxin and improved VA status at 2 y may have been due to VA-mediated improvements in gut development resulting in improved barrier function and nutrient absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01583972 and NCT02027610.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an FFQ for assessment of antioxidant intake using plasma biomarkers in an ethnically diverse population

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2438-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M Hodge ◽  
Julie A Simpson ◽  
Masha Fridman ◽  
Kevin Rowley ◽  
Dallas R English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate FFQ estimates of dietary intake of individual antioxidants, fruit and vegetables in comparison to plasma concentrations of each antioxidant, and to determine which individual foods are associated with plasma antioxidant concentrations.DesignDietary (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, retinol, and vitamin E) intakes over 12 months were estimated from a 121-item FFQ. Correlation coefficients, corrected for within-person variability in diet and plasma antioxidants, were used to examine associations between antioxidant concentrations in diet and plasma.SettingMelbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS).SubjectsMen and women (n3110) who were randomly selected from the MCCS. Participants were aged 36–72 years and were born in Australia, Greece, Italy or the UK.ResultsCorrelation coefficients for the carotenoids ranged from 0·28 for lycopene to 0·46 for β-cryptoxanthin. There was no association between dietary and plasma retinol or dietary vitamin E with plasma α- and γ-tocopherol. Individual plasma carotenoid concentrations were associated with intakes of fruit and vegetables.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the FFQ provides useful information on intakes of each of the carotenoids: α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin. There was no association between diet and plasma markers of retinol or vitamin E; this may reflect the importance of factors other than intake in modifying circulating levels of these nutrients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a two-generation rat model for vitamin A deficiency and the interrelationship with iron metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet J. C. Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Robert Hovenier ◽  
Anton C. Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Normal Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Plasma Retinol

In order to induce a range of vitamin A-deficient states in young growing rats and to study the effect of vitamin A deficiency on Fe status, we designed the following two-generation experiment. Dams were fed on diets with one of five vitamin A levels from 2 weeks before and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The pups received the same diets as their mothers both before and after weaning. The five dietary levels of vitamin A were 1200, 450, 150, 75 and 0 retinol equivalents/kg feed. Vitamin A intake did not affect reproduction outcome, nor were body and liver weights of the pups affected when they were 3·5 weeks old. Male pups with normal vitamin A status had higher plasma retinol levels than female pups. Vitamin A status of the offspring was affected from 3·5 weeks onwards. Body and liver weights were decreased in the male pups given the lowest dietary vitamin A levels from week 6·5 onwards but not in the female pups. Fe status was marginally affected. Haemoglobin levels were increased and total Fe-binding capacity was decreased in the groups given no dietary vitamin A at week 9·5. Splenic Fe was increased only in the male pups given the lowest levels of dietary vitamin A. However, as a whole, Fe status was only mildly affected and subject to considerable variation. We conclude that the two-generation rat model described here is not suitable for studying effects of vitamin A deficiency on Fe metabolism.

scholarly journals Use of biomarkers of sub-clinical infection, nutrition and neonatal maturity to interpret plasma retinol in Nigerian neonates

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delana A. Adelekan ◽  
Christine A. Northrop-Clewes ◽  
Joshua A. Owa ◽  
Adesola O. Oyedeji ◽  
Adedayo A. Owoeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Using the World Health Organization criterion, the prevalence of sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency can be assessed using plasma retinol concentrations <0·7 μmol/l. However, plasma retinol can be depressed by infection; thus, the use of this criterion alone may overestimate deficiency. In the present study, we investigated the usefulness of the acute-phase proteins (APP) α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), plasma carotenoids and anthropometric and gestational indices to interpret plasma retinol in the blood of 192 apparently healthy Nigerian neonates collected randomly during days 1–20 postpartum. The mean weight (2·64 kg) and length (0·458 m) of the neonates and plasma concentrations (geometric mean, μmol/l) of retinol (0·54), α-carotene (0·072), ß-carotene (0·076) and lutein (0·080) were low. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 72 %, indicating a severe public health problem. Babies who were of low birth weight (P<0·003) or premature and low birth weight (P<0·023) had significantly lower retinol concentrations than full-term normal weight babies. Thirty-two neonates had abnormal ACT and forty-four abnormal AGP concentrations. Positive correlations between retinol and ACT (r0·186,P=0·05) and AGP (r0·31,P=0·0001) during days 1–5 may be due to the increasing plasma retinol from maternal milk and a coincidental increasing capacity to synthesise APP. Subsequently, negative correlations between retinol and ACT (r−0·28,P=0·02) and AGP (r−0·29,P=0·018) from day 6 onwards reflected the continuing increase in plasma retinol, but no further increase in the APP. Overall, weight, ACT, lutein and age explained 30 % of the variance in retinol, but lutein was the most significant (r20·18,P<0·0001). Hence, the distribution of plasma retinol concentrations in this group of neonates was more strongly linked with nutrition (via the surrogate marker lutein) than infection.

scholarly journals Vitamin A intake and infection are associated with plasma retinol among pre-school children in rural Zambia

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1688-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hotz ◽  
Justin Chileshe ◽  
Ward Siamusantu ◽  
Uma Palaniappan ◽  
Emmanuel Kafwembe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Modified Relative Dose Response

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, infection and adequacy of vitamin A intakes among Zambian children, and the contribution of dietary vitamin A and infection to vitamin A status.DesignA cross-sectional survey of vitamin A intakes by the 24 h recall method, vitamin A status by plasma retinol and the modified relative dose-response test, and infection by acute-phase proteins.SettingRural communities in Central and Eastern Provinces of Zambia.SubjectsChildren 2–5 years of age.ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 56 % by plasma retinol, 48 % with infection-adjusted plasma retinol and 22 % by the modified relative dose-response test. The majority of children (61 %) had a current infection. Vitamin A intakes were relatively high (331 to 585 μg retinol activity equivalents/d in the harvest/early post-harvest and late post-harvest seasons, respectively) and the prevalence of inadequate intakes was <1 % when compared with the Estimated Average Requirement (210 and 275 μg retinol activity equivalents/d for children aged 1–3 and 4–8 years, respectively). Elevated α-1-acid glycoprotein was negatively associated with plasma retinol (P< 0·0 0 1) and vitamin A intake was positively associated with plasma retinol (P< 0·05), but only when estimated assuming a 26:1 retinol equivalence for provitamin A from green and yellow vegetables.ConclusionsInfection and vitamin A intakes were significant determinants of plasma retinol. We cannot conclude which indicator more accurately represents the true vitamin A status of the population. Reasons for the persistent high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the presence of adequate vitamin A intakes are unclear, but the high rates of infection may play a role.

scholarly journals Status of Retinoids and Carotenoids and Associations with Clinical Outcomes in Maternal-Infant Pairs in Nigeria

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrine Hanson ◽  
Elizabeth Lyden ◽  
Ann Anderson-Berry ◽  
Nicholas Kocmich ◽  
Amy Rezac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient in pregnancy, and other carotenoids have been independently associated with maternal-infant outcomes. The objective of this study was to quantify the status of vitamin A and carotenoids in Nigerian maternal-infant pairs at delivery, compare these to a cohort from a developed nation, and determine the impact on clinical outcomes. Maternal and cord blood samples were collected in 99 Nigerian mother-infant pairs. Concentrations of lutein + zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotenes, and retinol were measured using HPLC. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Spearman coefficients were used to assess correlations between maternal and cord measurements; Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare median plasma values between dichotomous variables. Linear regression models were used to adjust for relevant confounders. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirty-five percent of mothers had plasma retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L; 82% of infants had plasma retinol concentrations ≤0.70 µmol/L at delivery. Maternal and infant concentrations of vitamin A compounds were highly correlated and were associated with newborn growth and Apgar scores. Despite plasma concentrations of pro-vitamin A carotenoids higher than those reported in other populations, pregnant Nigerian women have a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. As vitamin A related compounds are modifiable by diet, future research determining the clinical impact of these compounds is warranted.

scholarly journals Flupenthixol and cefotiam: effects on vitamin A metabolism in rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Schindler ◽  
Tanja Fielenbach ◽  
Gerhard Rave
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Retinyl Ester ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Ester Hydrolase ◽  
Retinyl Ester Hydrolase ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
The Impact

We examined the alterations in vitamin A metabolism as a result of flupenthixol or cefotiam administration. The impact of these drugs on indices of vitamin A status was evaluated in Brown Norway and Long–Evans rats. Intramuscular drug administration for 28 d resulted in a decline in systemic retinol. Changes in circulating retinol with time for chronic dosing showed drug treatment (P<0·001) and time (P<0·03) to be significant factors, but rat strain (P=0·33) was not a significant factor. Flupenthixol was the most active retinol-lowering compound (P<0·005). At the end of the 28 d period, hepatic retinyl ester hydrolase activity was greater in drug-treated rats than in controls (P<0·05). With regard to effects on liver reserves: (1) flupenthixol treatment resulted in vitamin A depletion (P<0·05); (2) cefotiam treatment stimulated vitamin A accumulation; (3) distinctive patterns of retinol and its esters were seen in response to treatment. It is reasonable to assume that the drugs interfere with vitamin A in at least two ways: (1) lowering of plasma retinol, an early event in the interaction, may be caused by inhibition of hepatic holo-retinol-binding protein secretion or stimulation of clearance, or both; (2) when plasma retinol levels are persistently low, and as the hepatic deposits of the xenobiotics build up, there are changes in the vitamin A pool size and composition of the liver. Candidate enzymes are retinyl ester hydrolase and cytochrome P450. The relationship between these two events will be studied in further detail.

scholarly journals SNP rs6564851 in the BCO1 Gene Is Associated with Varying Provitamin a Plasma Concentrations but Not with Retinol Concentrations among Adolescents from Rural Ghana

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Sophie Graßmann ◽  
Olga Pivovarova-Ramich ◽  
Andrea Henze ◽  
Jens Raila ◽  
Yaw Ampem Amoako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Plasma Retinol

In sub-Saharan Africa, vitamin A deficiency constitutes a severe health problem despite various supplementation and food fortification programs. Given that the intake of preformed vitamin A from animal products remains low in these countries, an efficient metabolization of plant-based provitamin A carotenoids is essential. Previously, adolescents in rural Ghana have shown high total plasma carotenoid concentrations, while 36% had a vitamin A deficiency (defined as plasma retinol < 0.7 µmol/L). Hence, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the relationships between variants in the β-carotene 15,15’-oxygenase (BCO1) gene and plasma carotenoid concentrations among 189 15-year-old girls and boys in rural Ghana. BCO1 rs6564851, rs7500996, rs10048138 and PKD1L2 rs6420424, and rs8044334 were typed, and carotenoid concentrations were compared among the different genotypes. G allele carriers of rs6564851 (53%) showed higher plasma carotenoid concentrations than T allele carriers (median (interquartile range): 3.07 (2.17–4.02) vs. 2.59 (2.21–3.50) µmol/L, p-value = 0.0424). This was not explained by differences in socio-demographic or dietary factors. In contrast, no differences in plasma retinol concentrations were observed between these genotypes. Pending verification in independent populations, the low conversion efficiency of provitamin A carotenoids among rs6564851 G allele carriers may undermine existing fortification and supplementation programs to improve the vitamin A status in sub-Saharan Africa.

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