PROTOZOAL CONTRIBUTION TO NITROGEN DIGESTION IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. USHIDA ◽  
J. P. JOUANY ◽  
BERNADETTE LASSALAS ◽  
P. THIVEND
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Degradable Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

Compared with defaunated sheep, the large protozoal population of faunated sheep fed a diet high in poorly degradable protein decreased both microbial and dietary protein flows into the duodenum which indicated that protozoa increased ruminal protein degradability. Protozoal nitrogen represented 20% of the total microbial nitrogen in the duodenum. Key words: Protozoa, microbial proteins, sheep, protein degradability

Effect of Different Cereal:Forage Ratio and Protein Degradability on The Performance and Blood Metabolites of Iranian Sangsarri Lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
G.H. Ieeragian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Degradable Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

The effects of carbohydrate-rich supplements on animal production are dependent on the type and proportion of supplement to basal diet (Obara et al., 1991). This supplementation should optimise the effective rumen degradable protein and fermentable metabolisable energy supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein to balance animal requirement (AFRC, 1992). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the feeding increased amount of ruminal available carbohydrate (RAC) in different ruminal protein degradability (PD) on Iranian Sangsarri lamb performance and blood metabolites.

Effect of dietary protein degradability on net fluxes of free and peptide amino acids across the portal-drained viscera of steers

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
XING-TAI HAN ◽  
BAI XUE ◽  
LING-HAO HU ◽  
JI-ZENG DU
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Net Fluxes ◽  
Degradable Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

Four steers, average body weight 260±15 kg, fitted with portal catheters were used in a 4×4 Latin Square design to evaluate the influence of dietary protein degradability in the rumen on peptide and amino acid fluxes across the gastrointestinal tract. Dietary protein degradability was regulated by using different protein sources and the diets were calculated to contain 130 g CP/kg and 9·62 MJ ME per kg DM. Plasma concentrations of amino acids were analysed before and after acid hydrolysis of samples first subjected to chemical deproteinization and physical ultrafiltration, and peptide amino acids (PAA) were calculated as the difference between total and free amino acids (FAA). Portal blood flow and arterial concentrations of FAA and PAA were not affected by protein degradability or by diet. Venoarterial concentration difference and net portal flux of FAA tended to increase (P < 0·10) with increase of degradable protein intake. Portal-arterial concentration difference (P < 0·05) and net portal flux (P < 0·10) of PAA increased linearly as dietary protein degradability increased. The proportion of PAA in total amino acid (FAA+PAA) net flux was not modified by dietary protein degradability or by diet, and the mean value as a proportion was 0·32. The major PAA absorbed were glutamate, leucine, aspartate and lysine for all diets, accounting in total for 0·50 of PAA flux. The results demonstrate that PAA may contribute significantly to AA flux across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) of steers, and both FAA and PAA net fluxes can be affected by degradable protein intake.

scholarly journals Protein degradability of grassland forage under simulated rotational spring grazing

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Bojan Stojanovic ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Goran Grubic ◽  
Nenad Djordjevic ◽  
Aleksa Bozickovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Rotational Spring ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Cutting Experiment ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Protease Assay ◽  
Degradable Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

A cutting experiment was conducted to analyze the changes in the crude protein (CP) fraction content and in the estimated ruminal protein degradability of forage, obtained in conditions of simulated rotational spring grazing on permanent grassland. The field trial was conducted on permanent pasture during 2015 and included three cuttings as a simulated rotational spring grazing. For determination of protein degradability of pasture forage, the fractionation of the CP according to Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS v6.5) and the Streptomyces griseus protease assay were used. Relative to CP, no significant differences were found among cuts for ammonia N content (A1 fraction) and for protein fraction C which is completely unavailable to the animals. Values for soluble true protein (A2 fraction) and cell wall-associated protein, which is acid detergent soluble (B2), were significantly increased (p<0.05) while a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the moderately degradable protein (B1) content was determined during the growing season. The lower rumen degradable protein (RDP) content of grassland herbage was obtained in the second cut which was significant (p<0.05) according to the CNCPS procedure. Obtained high solubility and degradability of CP in pasture require adequate content of readily available carbohydrates in rations for grazing ruminants to provide efficient utilization of consumed protein.

Effect of Different Cereal:Forage Ratio and Protein Degradability on The Performance and Blood Metabolites of Iranian Sangsarri Lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
G.H. Ieeragian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Degradable Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

The effects of carbohydrate-rich supplements on animal production are dependent on the type and proportion of supplement to basal diet (Obara et al., 1991). This supplementation should optimise the effective rumen degradable protein and fermentable metabolisable energy supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein to balance animal requirement (AFRC, 1992). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the feeding increased amount of ruminal available carbohydrate (RAC) in different ruminal protein degradability (PD) on Iranian Sangsarri lamb performance and blood metabolites.

The ability of the ficin enzyme technique to predict the in situ degradability of lucerne N

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
G. Gizzi ◽  
E.R. Deaville ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Protein Degradability

The assessment of protein degradability in the rumen is a complex process. The infinite combination of interaction between the rumen microbial population and the nature of the protein fed to the animal makes the estimation of ruminal protein degradability very arduous. At present the in situ technique is the most popular means of predicting ruminal nitrogen (N) degradation. However this procedure is slow, expensive and relies on the use of numerous surgically prepared animals. A number of studies (Assoumani et al., 1992; Aufrère and Cartailler, 1988) have shown that the use of in vitro methods using proteases can predict with reasonable accuracy the extent of protein degradation. The objective of this experiment was to examine the possibility of replacing the in situ technique with an in vitro procedure based on the use of the ficin protease to predict the extent of N degradation.

IMMUNOGLOBULIN ABSORPTION IN CALVES AS INFLUENCED BY DIETARY PROTEIN INTAKES OF THEIR DAMS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
A. A. HOSEIN ◽  
I. MCMILLAN ◽  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
B. N. WILKIE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Restriction

Protein intake restricted to 66% of NRC requirement during the last trimester of pregnancy in first calf Holstein heifers resulted in a significant reduction in the absorption of IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA by calves fed their dam's colostrum. No treatment effect on colostral Ig levels was noted. Key words: Protein restriction, immunoglobulin absorption, colostrum, calves

Quantifying the ruminal degradation of nutrients in three cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) sampled during early spring and summer

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
M. L. Douglas ◽  
M. J. Auldist ◽  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
S. C. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Degradable Protein

Context The Australian dairy industry is characterised by pasture-based feeding systems, where grazed pasture is commonly supplemented with cereal grain to increase milk production of dairy cows. Perennial ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.) is the most commonly used pasture species, with a wide range of cultivars available. However, the nutritive characteristics and the degradation of nutrients in individual PRG cultivars grown in different environments in Australia are unknown, and significant variation between cultivars may impact on supplementary nutrient requirements. Aims The objective of this experiment was to quantify the extent of ruminal degradation of nutrients in three contrasting PRG cultivars (Bealey NEA2, Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE) harvested during early spring and summer from Gippsland, northern Victoria and south-west Victoria in Victoria, Australia. Methods Degradation parameters were determined by in situ incubation in the rumens of non-lactating, rumen-fistulated Holstein–Friesian cows for 72 h using a nylon bag technique. Key results During both seasons, Bealey NEA2 had the greatest effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre compared with Trojan NEA2 and Victorian SE. Cultivars harvested during early spring had greater effective degradability of crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, and a greater amount of rumen degradable protein compared with cultivars harvested during summer. Cultivars harvested from Gippsland had greater crude protein and neutral detergent fibre effective degradability, as well as a greater amount of rumen degradable protein, whereas cultivars harvested from northern Victoria had a greater amount of undegraded dietary protein. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the ruminal degradation of PRG cultivars declines with increasing maturity, and that there are differences between cultivars and regions; however, differences between seasons are of a greater magnitude and are more important to consider when formulating optimal supplementary grain rations. Implications This research has positive implications for farmers who will be able to understand the degradation of nutrients in PRG, and the amounts of rumen degradable protein and undegraded dietary protein available from pasture during each season. Farmers will be able to use this information to formulate supplementary grain rations that complement the nutrients from pasture and optimise milk production.

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