IMMUNOGLOBULIN ABSORPTION IN CALVES AS INFLUENCED BY DIETARY PROTEIN INTAKES OF THEIR DAMS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
A. A. HOSEIN ◽  
I. MCMILLAN ◽  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
B. N. WILKIE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Restriction

Protein intake restricted to 66% of NRC requirement during the last trimester of pregnancy in first calf Holstein heifers resulted in a significant reduction in the absorption of IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA by calves fed their dam's colostrum. No treatment effect on colostral Ig levels was noted. Key words: Protein restriction, immunoglobulin absorption, colostrum, calves

Effects of dietary protein restriction on regional amino acid metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. E148-E157 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Brodsky ◽  
J. T. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction ◽  
Insulin Dependent

We studied subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and controls by administering primed continuous infusions of L-[1-13C,15N)]leucine and L-[2,3-13C2]alanine to measure whole body and forearm metabolism of these amino acids during ample protein intake and again after 4 wk of moderately restricted protein intake. Decreased rates of whole body protein degradation, leucine transamination, leucine oxidation, and increased forearm alanine release produced by dietary protein restriction occurred equivalently in IDDM subjects under short-term tightly managed glycemia and in controls. Dietary protein restriction did not affect whole body alanine appearance or forearm leucine appearance, disposal, or balance in IDDM subjects or controls. IDDM subjects differed from controls only in that normal forearm leucine balance was maintained at higher rates of leucine appearance and disposal. We conclude that IDDM subjects adapt normally to dietary protein restriction. Undernutrition during moderate protein deprivation in these patients likely occurs during episodes of poor glycemic control.

scholarly journals Proximal tubule glutamine synthetase expression is necessary for the normal response to dietary protein restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (1) ◽  
pp. F116-F125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Wook Lee ◽  
Gunars Osis ◽  
Mary E. Handlogten ◽  
Jill W. Verlander ◽  
I. David Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction

Dietary protein restriction has multiple benefits in kidney disease. Because protein intake is a major determinant of endogenous acid production, it is important that net acid excretion changes in parallel during changes in dietary protein intake. Dietary protein restriction decreases endogenous acid production and decreases urinary ammonia excretion, a major component of net acid excretion. Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the reaction of [Formula: see text] and glutamate, which regenerates the essential amino acid glutamine and decreases net ammonia generation. Because renal proximal tubule GS expression increases during dietary protein restriction, this could contribute to the decreased ammonia excretion. The purpose of the current study was to determine the role of proximal tubule GS in the renal response to protein restriction. We generated mice with proximal tubule-specific GS deletion (PT-GS-KO) using Cre-loxP techniques. Cre-negative (Control) and PT-GS-KO mice in metabolic cages were provided 20% protein diet for 2 days and were then changed to low-protein (6%) diet for the next 7 days. Additional PT-GS-KO mice were maintained on 20% protein diet. Dietary protein restriction caused a rapid decrease in urinary ammonia excretion in both genotypes, but PT-GS-KO blunted this adaptive response significantly. This occurred despite no significant genotype-dependent differences in urinary pH or in serum electrolytes. There were no significant differences between Control and PT-GS-KO mice in expression of multiple other proteins involved in renal ammonia handling. We conclude that proximal tubule GS expression is necessary for the appropriate decrease in ammonia excretion during dietary protein restriction.

Dietary protein intake during the oestrous cycle does not alter the ovulation rate in gilts

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
César A. Mejia-Guadarrama ◽  
Armelle Prunier ◽  
Hélène Quesnel
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Digestible Energy

The effect of protein intake on ovulation rate was investigated in cross-bred gilts. On Day 14 of the third oestrous cycle, luteolysis was induced by injection of an analogue of prostaglandin F2α. The ovulation rate was recorded when gilts were killed on Day 27. In the first experiment, nutritional treatment was applied from Day 14 to Day 27. Gilts were fed diets providing the same amount of digestible energy, but containing either a low, medium or high amount of dietary protein. Protein restriction linearly decreased plasma concentrations of urea (P < 0.001) and had no effect on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin measured at Day 27 (P > 0.1). Protein restriction did not influence ovulation rate (mean (± s.e.m.) 17.0 ± 0.4; P > 0.1). In the second experiment, the nutritional treatment was applied from Day 5 until Day 27. Gilts received the same amount of digestible energy and either a low or a high amount of protein, as in Experiment 1. A third group of gilts received the high amount of protein and also more digestible energy. The ovulation rate did not differ between the three groups of gilts. These data indicate no effect of short-term dietary protein restriction on ovulation rate in cyclic gilts.

scholarly journals FGF21 and the Physiological Regulation of Macronutrient Preference

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristal M Hill ◽  
Emily Qualls-Creekmore ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud ◽  
Paul Soto ◽  
Sangho Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction ◽  
The Face ◽  
Increase Protein Intake ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The ability to respond to variations in nutritional status depends on regulatory systems that monitor nutrient intake and adaptively alter metabolism and feeding behavior during nutrient restriction. There is ample evidence that the restriction of water, sodium, or energy intake triggers adaptive responses that conserve existing nutrient stores and promote the ingestion of the missing nutrient, and that these homeostatic responses are mediated, at least in part, by nutritionally regulated hormones acting within the brain. This review highlights recent research that suggests that the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts on the brain to homeostatically alter macronutrient preference. Circulating FGF21 levels are robustly increased by diets that are high in carbohydrate but low in protein, and exogenous FGF21 treatment reduces the consumption of sweet foods and alcohol while alternatively increasing the consumption of protein. In addition, while control mice adaptively shift macronutrient preference and increase protein intake in response to dietary protein restriction, mice that lack either FGF21 or FGF21 signaling in the brain fail to exhibit this homeostatic response. FGF21 therefore mediates a unique physiological niche, coordinating adaptive shifts in macronutrient preference that serve to maintain protein intake in the face of dietary protein restriction.

scholarly journals Leucine Supplementation Does Not Restore Diminished Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Abundance and Myonuclear Accretion When Protein Intake Is Limiting in Neonatal Pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Marko Rudar ◽  
Daniel A Columbus ◽  
Julia Steinhoff-Wagner ◽  
Agus Suryawan ◽  
Hanh V Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction ◽  
Cell Abundance ◽  
Neonatal Pigs ◽  
Igf2 Expression

ABSTRACT Background Rapid growth of skeletal muscle in the neonate requires the coordination of protein deposition and myonuclear accretion. During this developmental stage, muscle protein synthesis is highly sensitive to amino acid supply, especially Leu, but we do not know if this is true for satellite cells, the source of muscle fiber myonuclei. Objective We examined whether dietary protein restriction reduces myonuclear accretion in the neonatal pig, and if any reduction in myonuclear accretion is mitigated by restoring Leu intake. Methods Neonatal pigs (1.53 ± 0.2 kg) were fitted with jugular vein and gastric catheters and fed 1 of 3 isoenergetic milk replacers every 4 h for 21 d: high protein [HP; 22.5 g protein/(kg/d); n= 8]; restricted protein [RP; 11.2 g protein/(kg/d); n= 10]; or restricted protein with Leu [RPL; 12.0 g protein/(kg/d); n= 10]. Pigs were administered 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU; 15 mg/kg) intravenously every 12 h from days 6 to 8. Blood was sampled on days 6 and 21 to measure plasma Leu concentrations. On day 21, pigs were killed and the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle was collected to measure cell morphometry, satellite cell abundance, myonuclear accretion, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system expression. Results Compared with HP pigs, postprandial plasma Leu concentration in RP pigs was 37% and 47% lower on days 6 and 21, respectively (P &lt; 0.05); Leu supplementation in RPL pigs restored postprandial Leu to HP concentrations. Dietary protein restriction reduced LD myofiber cross-sectional area by 21%, satellite cell abundance by 35%, and BrdU+ myonuclear abundance by 25% (P &lt; 0.05); Leu did not reverse these outcomes. Dietary protein restriction reduced LD muscle IGF2 expression by 60%, but not IGF1 or IGF1R expression (P &lt; 0.05); Leu did not rescue IGF2 expression. Conclusions Satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion in neonatal pigs are compromised when dietary protein intake is restricted and are not restored with Leu supplementation.

scholarly journals Mice Lacking the Intestinal and Renal Neutral Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A19 Demonstrate the Relationship between Dietary Protein Intake and Amino Acid Malabsorption

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Javed ◽  
Stefan Bröer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
The Relationship

Dietary protein restriction has beneficial impacts on metabolic health. B0AT1 (SLC6A19) is the major transporter of neutral amino acids at the intestinal epithelia and absorbs the bulk of the diet-derived neutral amino acids from the intestinal lumen. It also reabsorbs neutral amino acids in the renal proximal tubules. Mice lacking B0AT1 show cellular outcomes of protein restriction, such as high FGF21 levels and low mTORC1 activity. Moreover, they have improved glucose homeostasis and resist diet-induced obesity. In this study, we investigated the relationship between protein restriction and dietary protein intake in C57Bl6/J wild-type (wt) and SLC6A19-knockout (SLC6A19ko) mice. When SLC6A19ko mice were fed diets containing 5%, 25%, or 52% of their total calories derived from protein, no differences in food intake or weight gain were observed. All essential amino acids significantly positively correlated with increasing dietary casein content in the wt mice. The SLC6A19ko mice showed reduced postprandial levels of essential amino acids in plasma, particularly following high-protein diets. Upon fasting, essential amino acids were the same in the wt and SLC6A19ko mice due to reduced amino acid catabolism. Bacterial metabolites originating from amino acid fermentation correlated with the dietary protein content, but showed a complex profile in the blood of the SLC6A19ko mice. This study highlights the potential of SLC6A19 as a knock-out or inhibition target to induce protein restriction for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Role of FGF21 and GCN2 in mediating the metabolic response to dietary protein restriction

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Laeger ◽  
DC Albarado ◽  
L Trosclair ◽  
J Hedgepeth ◽  
CD Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction

Association between lean mass and dietary protein intake in postmenopausal women

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Nataliia Dzerovych ◽  
Roksolana Povorooznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

Neuronal FGF-21 Signaling–A Sensor of Dietary Protein Restriction

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 261-LB
Author(s):  
CRISTAL M. HILL ◽  
MADELEINE V. DEHNER ◽  
DAVID MCDOUGAL ◽  
HANS-RUDOLF BERTHOUD ◽  
HEIKE MUENZBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction

238-LB: Dietary Protein Restriction Induces Myocardial Dysfunction Despite Reducing Body Weight in Aged C57BL/6J Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 238-LB
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER L. AXELROD ◽  
WAGNER S. DANTAS ◽  
GANGARAO DAVULURI ◽  
WILLIAM T. KING ◽  
CRISTAL M. HILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction
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