GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF LATE-FATTENING STEERS ON DIFFERENT FEEDING SYSTEMS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. ROMPALA ◽  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
J. H. BURTON
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Feeding Systems

One hundred Charolais-cross feeder steers (average weight = 280 kg) were allotted to one of five feeding systems: HG, a diet comprising 75% concentrates fed throughout the trial; MG, a diet comprising equal amounts of concentrates and corn silage provided throughout the trial; CS, corn silage fed throughout the trial; CS-HG, corn silage fed to 400 kg liveweight followed by feeding the 75% concentrate diet; and AS-HG, alfalfa silage provided to 400 kg liveweight followed by feeding the 75% concentrate diet. The steers were slaughtered at a constant estimated finish (8 mm fat thickness 11th/12th ribs), in order to grade Canada A1. Grade and carcass characteristics data were collected for all carcasses and a sample of eight carcasses per treatment was selected at random to determine muscle content, fat partitioning and distribution. Average daily rates of gain for steers on HG, MG, CS, CS-HG, and AS-HG were 1.27, 1.25, 0.79, 1.15, and 1.03 kg/day, respectively. The rates of gain for steers on feeding systems HG, MG, and CS declined with time contrary to steers on feeding systems CS-HG and AS-HG, which showed accelerated rates of growth following the backgrounding period. Steers having the highest overall rates of gain had the best feed to gain conversions. Increased rates of gain were related to less time on feed and lighter slaughter weights. Carcass dissection showed no major differences with respect to muscle:bone ratio, wholesale cut distribution, fat partitioning and distribution due to the feeding system employed. Net energy retention for gain, estimated from carcass specific gravity, was much lower than values obtained from NRC. Forage feeding late-fattening steers under 400 kg and subsequent concentrate feeding did not affect major carcass traits. However, late-fattening cattle provided with diets based on large amounts of forages or corn silage may not attain desirable finish at acceptable slaughter weights. Key words: Late-fattening cattle, slaughter weight, carcass, feeding systems, backgrounding

scholarly journals Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Fat Thickness

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

MONENSIN FED TO GROWING AND FINISHING CATTLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin with growing and finishing cattle. In experiment 1, 80 Hereford steer calves were fed two different silage rations. With alfalfa silage, monensin increased weight gains (+12%) and feed efficiency (P < 0.05) (+11%). When high moisture (HM) shelled corn was fed along with alfalfa silage, monensin had no effect on weight gains, but increased feed efficiency (P < 0.05) (+12%) largely by decreasing (P > 0.05) feed intake. In experiment 2, 72 steer and heifer crossbred calves were fed corn silage for 112 days followed by high levels of HM shelled corn through to marketing at a constant finish. Over an average total of 258 days on feed, monensin increased (P < 0.05) rate of gain (+9%) as well as feed efficiency (+13%). Monensin produced no effects on carcass characteristics. At least part of the improvement in feed efficiency could be attributed to altered ruminal fermentation. Molar percentage of propionic acid was increased (P < 0.05) and butyric and acetic acid decreased (P < 0.05) with monensin feeding.

Effect of live-yeast culture and lasalocid supplementation on performance of growing–finishing steers fed alfalfa-silage, corn-silage and high-grain diets sequentially

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Key Words Yeast ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Live Yeast

Trials were conducted to determine the effect of supplementing feedlot diets with live-yeast culture (YC), lasalocid (LAS) or YC + LAS on intake, growth and carcass characteristics of steers. Dietary additives in either 96% corn-silage or 75% dry-rolled barley-based diets increased (P < 0.05) final weights and carcass weights of steers. Key words: Yeast, lasalocid, steers, carcass quality, growth

scholarly journals Growth performance and safety of meat from cattle feedlot finished with monensin in the ration

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽  
Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽  
Eloize Jaqueline Askel ◽  
André Martins de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Fat Thickness

Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic, the inclusion of which in the feed of beef cattle favors the best use of feed nutrients, via ruminal modulation. However, there are concerns regarding the residence of residues in the carcass from metabolism of monensin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, tissue residual depletion and economic benefit of finishing of young bulls in confinement with monensin in the ration. Thirty-six animals were confined, and given 50% corn silage feed and 50% more concentrated feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (with or without monensin) and 10 replicates for the control group and eight for the monensin group. The use of monensin reduced the dry matter intake in relation to live weight (2.36% vs 2.55%), and improved feed conversion (8.61 vs 10.06 kg kg?1); the animals presented higher live weight (511 vs 494 kg), higher warm carcass weight (285 vs 272 kg) and an increase in fat thickness (4.97 vs 4.25 mm) compared to control animals. These increases in performance gave higher economic results, with a profit margin of R$ 122.84 per animal. A waiting period of 16 h before slaughter resulted in monensin concentrations below 0.25 µg kg?1 in edible organs and tissues, values well below those permitted by legislation. The use of monensin for young bulls in confinement promoted improvements in productive and economic performance, without leaving residues in edible tissues.

scholarly journals 225 Identifying optimal levels of silage used as a roughage source in finishing beef cattle performance and liver abscess rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Hannah C Wilson ◽  
Henry Hilscher ◽  
Zachary E Carlson ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Including a roughage source in high grain finishing diets can minimize the potential for acidosis and decreased animal performance. An individual feeding study was conducted comparing different levels of corn silage used as a roughage source on finishing performance and liver abscess rate. Sixty crossbred steers (432 kg ± 0.45 kg) were stratified by BW and assigned randomly to 4 treatments with 15 head per treatment. Treatments consisted of 3 inclusions of corn silage at 0 (CS0), 7.5 (CS7.5) and 15% (CS15) of the diet DM and a control treatment with 7.5% alfalfa (Alf). Steers were fed for 117 d in a Calan gate controlled individual feeding system. Refusals were taken weekly and corrected for DM. There were no differences for final BW (P < 0.88), DMI (P < 0.51), ADG (P < 0.88), or G:F (P < 0.20). There were no differences for carcass characteristics such as HCW (P < 0.83), marbling (P < 0.59), LM area (P < 0.84), or fat thickness due to treatment (P < 0.45). There were also no differences in dressing percentage (P < 0.26) or calculated yield grade (P < 0.63). Only 3 out of the 60 animals had liver abscesses, with 2 animals fed CS0 and 1 animal fed Alf. These data suggest that cattle, typically at high risk for reduced performance, are less likely to experience negative effects of high grain diets, like acidosis, when fed individually. When managed accordingly, no roughage is needed in the diet.

158 Effect of Mootral™ and Forage Amount on Methane Emissions, Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
Bryce Bitsie ◽  
Andrea M Osorio ◽  
Darren D Henry ◽  
Breno Silva ◽  
Leticia Godoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Citrus Extract ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract One hundred and forty-four Angus x Simmental steers were allotted by body weight (BW; 363 kg, breed composition, and farm origin to a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of 6 treatments (4 pens per treatment) to determine the effect of Mootral (garlic + citrus extract; 0.25% of the diet DM vs. 0.0%) on methane emissions, growth and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. During the first 84 days, cattle were fed three different diets (forage content of 15, 41.5, or 68% corn silage). From day 85 to slaughter, corn silage was included at only 15% of the diet DM. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was an interaction (P = 0.03) between forage content and Mootral for DMI from d 0 to 84, where Mootral decreased DMI of steers fed 15% corn silage, but did not affect DMI of steers fed 41.5 or 68% corn silage. There were no effects (P ≥ 0.22) of forage content or Mootral on BW or average daily gain at any time, or on DMI from d 84 to slaughter and overall. Gain-feed ratio from d 0 to 84 and overall was greater (P = 0.04) for steers fed 68% compared to 15 or 41.5% corn silage. On d 41, steers fed 41.5 and 68% corn silage had increased (P ≤ 0.02) methane emissions compared to steers fed 15% corn silage. There tended to be an interaction (P ≤ 0.09) between forage content and Mootral for methane emissions (g/d) on d 41 and 203, where steers fed Mootral showed lesser methane emissions with 15% corn silage, but not with the 41.5 and 68% corn silage diets. Steers fed Mootral showed lesser (P ≤ 0.03) methane emissions on d 203. Mootral tended to decrease (P &lt; 0.10) fat thickness and yield grade. In conclusion, Mootral decreased methane production in 15% corn silage diets and improved carcass leanness.

scholarly journals Contribution of nutrient fluxes to the evolution of the net energy systems, example of the INRA feeding system for beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1048-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ortigues-Marty ◽  
Jacques Agabriel ◽  
Jean Vernet ◽  
Bernard Sepchat ◽  
Marwa Al-Jammas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Flux ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract Energy feeding systems define energy as a whole, but progress made to define metabolizable energy (ME) as the sum of the metabolizable nutrients produced by digestion and available for tissue metabolism in a wide range of nutritional situations opens the way to quantitatively model and predict nutrient fluxes between and within tissues and organs and improve predictions of energy use. This review addresses the contribution of nutrient flux concepts and data to the evolution of the Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) energy feeding system for growing and fattening cattle and evaluates the outcomes on the net energy (NE) requirements. It summarizes recent progress made to quantitatively predict nutrient fluxes both at digestive and visceral levels. It reviews how nutrient flux concepts and results were introduced in the recently updated INRA feeding system, resulting in improvements in the accuracy of the revised digestible energy (DE) and ME value of diets. The use of an independent database showed that for diets fed to fattening cattle, DE and ME concentrations were downgraded for low-energy-dense diets and upgraded for high-energy-dense diets. We are also showing that compared with its previous version, the updated INRA system improves the quantitative relationship between ME supply and flows of metabolizable nutrients. Evidence is provided on how measured nutrient fluxes at portal level were used to evaluate the predicted flows of metabolizable nutrients. This review then revisits the NE values of diets for fattening cattle as defined by the INRA feeding system and not updated yet. Using an independent database and at similar ME intake, carcass composition was shown to be linearly related to the energy density of diets for fiber-rich diets but not for concentrate-rich diets, suggesting that the efficiency of energy utilization of ME into NE is not linearly related to differences in the composition of the gain. Accounting for the balance of metabolizable nutrients or their proxies in models used to predict carcass composition from ME intake can improve predictions. Overall partitioning aggregated energy fluxes into their subcomponent nutrient fluxes in a more physiological approach offers promising perspectives for the evolution of NE feeding systems.

QUALITÉ DES CARCASSES DES TAURILLONS HOLSTEIN ALIMENTÉS À DEUX NIVEAUX D'ORGE EN PÉRIODE DE FINITION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-858
Author(s):  
S. A. POMMIER ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT ◽  
G. LALANDE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feeding Systems

We studied the effects of two levels of barley in the finishing period on the carcass characteristics of 129 Holstein bulls reared on different feeding systems. Greater fat thickness (P < 0.05) was associated with higher barley levels in the finishing period. Animals fed barley ad libitum produced a greater proportion of grade A1 and B1 carcasses compared to animals fed only 5 kg of barley (28.0 and 48.0% vs. 12.0 and 37.0%, respectively, P < 0.05). Key words: Carcass, Holstein bulls, energy levels, barley, management

scholarly journals Effects of agronomic factors on yield and quality of whole corn plants and the impact of feeding high concentrations of corn silage in diets containing distillers grains to finishing cattle1

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Burken ◽  
B. L. Nuttelman ◽  
J. L. Gramkow ◽  
A. L. McGee ◽  
K. M. Sudbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Corn plants were sampled over 2 consecutive years to assess the effects of corn hybrid maturity class, plant population, and harvest time on whole corn plant quality and yield in Nebraska. A finishing experiment evaluated the substitution of corn with corn silage in diets with corn modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS). The first 2 harvest dates were at the mid- and late-silage harvest times whereas the final harvest was at the grain harvest stage of plant maturity. Whole plant yields increased as harvest time progressed (yr 1 quadratic P &lt; 0.01; yr 2 linear P &lt; 0.01). However, differences in TDN concentration in both years were quite minimal across harvest time, because grain percentage increased but residue NDF in-situ disappearance decreased as harvest time was delayed. In the finishing experiment, as corn silage inclusion increased from 15 to 55% (DM basis) by replacing dry rolled and high moisture corn grain with corn silage in diets containing 40% MDGS, DMI, ADG, and G:F linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.01), with the steers on the 15% corn silage treatment being 1.5%, 5.0%, and 7.7% more efficient than steers on treatments containing 30, 45, and 55% corn silage, respectively. Calculated dietary NEm and NEg decreased linearly as corn silage inclusion increased indicating that net energy values were greater for corn grain than for corn silage. In addition, dressing percentage decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) as silage inclusion increased suggesting more fill as silage inclusion increases in diets. Cattle fed greater than 15% corn silage in finishing diets based on corn grain will gain slower and be slightly less efficient and likely require increased days to market at similar carcass fatness and size. When 30% silage was fed with 65% MDGS, DMI, and ADG were decreased (P &lt; 0.01) compared to feeding 30% silage with 40% MDGS suggesting some benefit to including a proportion of corn in the diet. Conversely, when 45% silage was fed with 40% MDGS, ADG, and G:F were greater (P &lt; 0.04) than when 45% silage was fed with just grain implying a greater energy value for MDGS than for corn grain. Substituting corn silage for corn grain in finishing diets decreased ADG and G:F which would increase days to finish to an equal carcass weight; however, in this experiment, increasing corn silage levels with MDGS present reduced carcass fat thickness without significantly decreasing marbling score.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF COMBINING ALFALFA CUBES WITH CORN SILAGE FED TO LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Changeover Period ◽  
Feeding Systems

Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which was higher, 20.2 vs. 17.2 mg %, for the alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility for the total ration were 68.1 and 71.6% when corn alfalfa cube silage was fed compared to 65.4 and 68.5% when the cubes were fed with the corn silage (P < 0.05). It was concluded from this study that alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage was an effective method of increasing the dry matter and protein content of corn silage and in improving the digestibility of the total ration.

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