AN EVALUATION OF FENVALERATE (BOVAID) EARTAGS AS AN IMPROVEMENT IN FLY CONTROL METHODS FOR INCREASED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY HERDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
I. McMILLAN ◽  
G. SURGEONER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Control Milk ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Fly Control

A field study was conducted on 60 cooperating dairy farms in Southwestern Ontario to determine the effect of fenvalerate-impregnated (8% wt/wt) eartags (Bovaid (Registered trademark CIBA-GEIGY Canada Ltd.)) on fly control and milk production. Herds were assigned to either a tagged or control treatment. Fly counts were made on 15 randomly selected cows in each herd at approximately 2-wk intervals from July to September. Producers of control herds in this study conducted normal management practices including, in most cases, conventional fly control methods. Therefore, the comparison in this study is between the fenvalerate-impregnated tag and more conventional means of fly control. Milk production data were obtained from DHIC and Ontario Milk Marketing Board records. The use of the Bovaid tag resulted in complete control of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) and a 75% reduction in face flies (Musca autumnalis) over the test period. Milk production was not significantly affected by treatment although a 2–3% improvement was observed in treated animals. A milk production effect of 7% would be required for statistical significance (P < 0.05). Key words: Fenvalerate, ear tags, fly control, milk production

EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDAL EAR TAGS ON FLY CONTROL AND MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLIOT BLOCK ◽  
DAVID J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
And Control

Twenty Holstein cows were blocked into two groups of 10 cows each to evaluate an insecticidal ear tag (8% fenvalerate) on fly control and milk production. One group received one tag in each ear while the control group remained untagged. Each group was allowed access to an exercise-pasture lot of similar size. Forages were fed in the lots and grain was fed in the barn at milking. Tagging resulted in a 99.9% reduction in horn flies over the 16 wk of the trial. However, other flies (house, stable and face) were not controlled to the same extent. As horn fly numbers decreased the number of the other flies increased on tagged cows. Tagging resulted in an overall increase in milk yield by 1.06 kg/d for the trial but not all weeks of the trial showed significant responses. Milk fat and protein percentages were not different between tagged and control animals. Key words: Diptera, dairy cattle, milk production, fenvalerate, ear tags, fly control

scholarly journals A Complete Ration Composed of Concentrates and Sugarcane Bagasse vs. a Conventional Ration of Pangolagrass and Supplemental Concentrates for Milk Production

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Paul F. Randel ◽  
Manuel Soldevila ◽  
Blas Salas
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Comparison Period

Twenty-four grade Holstein cows, which averaged not less than 30 pounds of milk daily during a 30-day preliminary period were subjected to either of two treatments: 1, The control treatment which consisted of grazing properly managed Pangolagrass supplemented with a commercial 20-percent crude protein concentrate mixture; and 2, the experimental treatment which consisted of confining the cows and feeding them ad libitum a 15.3-percent crude protein complete ration containing 22.5- percent ground sugarcane bagasse and 77.5 percent concentrates, minerals, and vitamin supplement. The average milk production of the control and experimental cows was 42.9 and 40.1 pounds, respectively, during the preliminary period. During the comparison period the corresponding figures were 43.8 and 42.0 pounds for the first 30 days (peak lactation), 35.3 and 31.6 pounds for the remaining 175 days (declining lactation), and 36.5 and 33.1 pounds for the entire 205 days. None of these differences between treatments was significant using covariance adjustment for milk production during the preliminary period. The experimental cows consumed an average of 36.1 pounds of complete ration daily and required 1.09 pounds of feed per pound of milk produced. The average protein content of the milk produced by the experimental cows during the comparison period was significantly (P < .01) higher than that of the control cows (3.55 vs. 3.18 g./100 ml.). The average milk-fat percentages were 3.07 and 3.28, and the average milk solids-not-fat percentages were 8.33 and 8.34 under the control and experimental treatments, respectively. The control and experimental cows gained live weight at the average rates of 0.52 and 0.56 pound per day, respectively. Based on costs of $3.58 and $4.41 per 100 pounds for the complete ration and commercial concentrate, respectively, $0.34 per head per grazing day, and $7.80 income per 100 pounds of milk produced, the following economic estimates were made under the control and experimental treatments, respectively: Total daily feed costs per cow, $1.16 and $1.29; gross income from milk produced, $2.85 and $2.58; income from milk above feed costs, $1.69 and $1.29; and feed costs per 100 pounds of milk produced, $3.18 and $3.90. With respect to the productive responses, no evidence was found contrary to the null-hypothesis that the treatment under evaluation was not better than the control. The mean figures for economic return were in favor of the control treatment, though no tests of statistical significance could be made with the data available. The results emphasize the indispensability of obtaining high average milk production (at least 40 pounds per cow daily) in order to make the complete ration economically competitive.

Using saline reclaimed water on almond grown in Mediterranean conditions: deficit irrigation strategies and salinity effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Giuseppe Lopriore ◽  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Almond Trees

Abstract The main objective of this study was to acquire agronomic knowledge about the effects of irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and desalinated DESERT (DW) water and different irrigation strategies: control full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leaf nutrients, tree growth and fruit quality and yield of almond trees in pots. Our results showed that RW had the highest concentration of some valuable agronomic nutrients such as N, but also of phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl−). Na leaf concentration on RW treatments reached toxic levels, especially under RDI, and toxicity symptoms were shown. Regarding tree growth, cumulate trunk diameter on RW-RDI was significantly lower than on the control treatment and shoot growth was reduced from the beginning of the irrigation season in RW treatments. Maximum yield was reached on RW-FI, 18% higher than the control treatment. However, RDI strategies influenced negatively on yield, being 23% less in RW and 7% less in DW although water productivity was not significantly reduced by water stress. These findings manifest that the combination of RW and RDI can be a promising future practice for almond irrigation, but long-term studies to establish suitable management practices must be developed.

A report on management practices and milk production from jersey cows raised in Ibadan

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
OA Olorunnisomo ◽  
AA Oni ◽  
JO Abiola
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Ibadan

In order to kick-start milk production and upgrade genetic base of local zebu cattle at the University of Ibadan, four in-calf Jersey heifers and one bull were acquired in September 2012, from a pure herd of Jersey cattle maintained on a private farm in Shonga, Kwara State, Nigeria. Management at Shonga was based on an intensive, zero-grazing system. The animals were apparently in a good state of health at the time of procurement. At the University of Ibadan, management was also intensive, with partial grazing, fortified grass silage and concentrates supplementation. Health management of Jersey cattle involved preventive and curative measures. Calving occurred within 7 and 156 days of arrival at Ibadan. Two out of four heifers calved successfully while two had still-births. Calves were allowed to suckle their dams for 14 days after calving and bottle-fed from milk collected from their dams afterwards. Milking was done twice daily at 7am and 4pm using a portable milking machine. Milk yield averaged 8.8 kg/cow/day with lactation length ranging between 93 and 246 days. Average composition of milk was 13.69, 3.60, 4.73, 0.65 and 4.71% for total solids, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate respectively. In order to maximize milk production from Jersey cattle under the humid tropical condition of Ibadan, there is need to maintain a high plane of nutrition, adopt a preventive healthcare system and incorporate a cooling system to ameliorate the effects of high ambient temperatures.Key words: calving age, dairy cattle, lactation length, milk composition, milk yield

scholarly journals Efficiency of water use and nitrogen for goat milk production in irrigated pasture to different management

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374-1380
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Cavalcante ◽  
P.M. Santos ◽  
J.A.A. C. Júnior ◽  
M.J.D. Cândido ◽  
N.L.S. Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The aim was to determine the efficiency of use of water and nitrogen for forage production and goat-milk production on an irrigated Tanzania Guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) pasture subjected to different management practices. The management levels tested were combinations among nitrogen fertilization levels and post-grazing residual heights (ResH): Intensive (ResH = 33.0cm and 600.0kg N/ha.year-1); Moderate (ResH = 47.0cm and 300.0kg N/ha.year-1); Light (ResH = 47cm and 0kg N/ha.year-1); and Conventional (ResH = 33cm and 0kg N/ha year-1). The efficiency of water use for forage production was higher in intensive and Moderate management. The Conventional management was recommended only for forage production since there is no nitrogen input available because this result was similar to Intensive management in water efficiency. The efficiency of water use to produce goat milk was higher in Intensive management. Moderate management presented higher efficiency of nitrogen to produce forage. On the other hand, Intensive management was more efficient using nitrogen in goat milk production. The amount of water needed to produce one liter of goat milk varied from 893.20 to 3,933.50L. In the moderate management, up to 121.48kg forage and 21.56kg of milk were produced for every kilogram of N utilized. Intensive management is advantageous for water use efficiency as well nitrogen efficiency to produce goat milk in cultivated pasture.

scholarly journals Adoption of Good Management Practices by the Gaushalas (Cow-shed) in Karnataka State, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kalyan Mandi ◽  
S. Subash
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
General Management ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Large N ◽  
Karnataka State

Gaushalas play a vital role in safeguarding the cattle wealth of our country. It is primarily occupied with providing shelter to cows and is catering mostly the needs of non-lactating, weak, unproductive and stray cattle. However, a few fore front Gaushalas also maintain nucleus herd for in-situ conservation of indigenous purebred cows and produce quality males so as to enhance productivity of indigenous breeds. With this view, present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the level of adoption of good management practices by the Gaushalas. The study was conducted in Karnataka State involving 40 out of 80 registered Gaushalas, categorized as small (n=12), medium (n=18) and large (n=10) Gaushalas based on the herd size. Good management practices play an important role in improving the production performances of cattle, enhancing efficiency of animals in Gaushalas. In the present study ‘adoption’ was operationalised as the degree to which the good management practices viz., breeding, feeding, healthcare, general management and hygienic milk production, were adopted in the Gaushalas.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Pupuk Mengandung Fosfat Terhadap Kehilangan Hara Melalui Pelindian Pada Tanah Gambut

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
IGM Subiksa
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Leachate Water

Subiksa et al, 2018. Comparison Effect of Several Phosphate Contain Fertilizers to Nutrient Loss Trough Leaching on Peat Soil. JLSO 7(1): Peat soil have specific nutrient adsorption characteristics which are affected by soil pH dependent charge. Therefore, nutrient management on such soil should be done using different approach compared to mineral soil. Research on the comparison effects of several types of phosphate containing fertilizers to nutrient loss through leaching on peat soil has been carried out in greenhouse using a coulom experiment. The objective of study was to evaluate the rate of primary macro nutrient loss and look for fertilization technology which can reduced leaching rate.  The study used a randomized block design of 14 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments were complete control treatment, partial control and 4 types of P contain fertilizer, namely SP-36, NPK compound, Chrismast Island Phosphate Rock (CIRP), and Pugam each of them with 3 levels dose. The peat soil used was ombrogenous peat with hemic maturity level taken from OKI Regency, South Sumatra. Watering was done every 2 days with 350 ml ion-free water/pot. The results showed that N and K nutrients leaching, mostly was due to application rate of those nutrient, whereas type of fertilizer was not revealed significantly different. Meanwhile, P concentration in leachate water was significantly different among treatments. Leaching of P in the control treatment was very low because of P content of peat soil was low. The highest loss of P trough leaching rate was shown by the NPK treatment because NPK compound is belong to fast nutrient release fertilizer. CIRP and Pugam treatments showed low P loss trough leaching rates due to the slow release of P on CIRP and Pugam. The low leaching rates of CIRP and Pugam are also because of high content of Al and Fe as polyvalent cation that can promote new soil positive charges as site adsorption of P. It can be concluded that fertilization with a slow release type of phosphate fertilizer and contain sesquioxide as source of polyvalent cations such as CIRP and Pugam can reduced the rate of phosphate loss trough leaching.

PSI-2 Spices in Free-choice Mineral Offer Gain Advantages to Cattle on Tallgrass Native Range and Promise as Fly Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Macie E Reeb ◽  
Jaymelynn K Farney
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Horn Flies ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Treatment Structure ◽  
Mineral Type

Abstract This study aims to evaluate effectiveness of two operational management systems for steer gains and fly control. The first strategy evaluated was pasture burn date of March (MAR) or April (APR). The second management strategy was fly control through feeding free-choice mineral with spices (SPICE) or without spices (CON). Eight pastures (n = 281 steers; initial weight 277.7 ± 25.2 kg) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial treatment structure. Steers were weighed individually, randomly assigned to treatment, and grazed for 85 days. Weekly 33% of steers per pasture were photographed and fly numbers counted. ADG was impacted by both burn date and mineral type (P = 0.01). Cattle on the APR-SPICE treatment had a greater ADG than MAR-SPICE and APR-CON with MAR-CON intermediate. Cattle on SPICE gained 4.5 kg (P = 0.12) more than cattle consuming CON mineral. Flies per steer were impacted by burn x mineral x week (P &lt; 0.001). In general, APR-SPICE steers had a greater number of flies weeks 8, 10, and 11 (P &lt; 0.05), corresponding to a time when mineral intake averaged 72% of the formulated intake. The MAR-SPICE steers consumed on average the formulated amount of mineral and through the entire grazing period had lower number of flies than APR-SPICE steers (P &lt; 0.05). The second largest ADG observed with the MAR-CON treatment may be attributed to lower fly numbers as this treatment had one extra week below economic threshold for horn flies. These results are somewhat inconclusive on pasture burn date, but show that the addition of spices to a free-choice complete mineral shows promise as a cost-effective method to increase gains in stocker steers on tallgrass native range. As a fly control method, the spices utilized in this study may be effective if intake is at formulated level.

Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

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