Using saline reclaimed water on almond grown in Mediterranean conditions: deficit irrigation strategies and salinity effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Giuseppe Lopriore ◽  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Almond Trees

Abstract The main objective of this study was to acquire agronomic knowledge about the effects of irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and desalinated DESERT (DW) water and different irrigation strategies: control full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leaf nutrients, tree growth and fruit quality and yield of almond trees in pots. Our results showed that RW had the highest concentration of some valuable agronomic nutrients such as N, but also of phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl−). Na leaf concentration on RW treatments reached toxic levels, especially under RDI, and toxicity symptoms were shown. Regarding tree growth, cumulate trunk diameter on RW-RDI was significantly lower than on the control treatment and shoot growth was reduced from the beginning of the irrigation season in RW treatments. Maximum yield was reached on RW-FI, 18% higher than the control treatment. However, RDI strategies influenced negatively on yield, being 23% less in RW and 7% less in DW although water productivity was not significantly reduced by water stress. These findings manifest that the combination of RW and RDI can be a promising future practice for almond irrigation, but long-term studies to establish suitable management practices must be developed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Deficit Irrigation Strategies on the Efficiency From Plant to Essential Oil Production in Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akbarzadeh ◽  
Ali Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

The effect of deficit irrigation on water productivity in the water supply and utilization chain has been computed, employing a systematic and quantitative approach. By applying such an investigation, weaknesses and strengths of deficit irrigation strategies could be revealed, and actions and measures could be implemented to improve water productivity as much as possible. The peppermint plants were subjected to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root-zone drying (PRD). Peppermint was cultivated under full irrigation (FI, control) and RDI treatments including RDI85, RDI70, RDI55, and RDI40, receiving 85, 70, 55, and 40% of FI treatment, respectively; PRD techniques including PRD70, PRD55, and PRD40, receiving 70, 55, and 40% of FI treatment in one side of the root-zone at each irrigation event, respectively during two cutting seasons. There was no significant improvement in leaves weight and dried yield step by applying deficit irrigation treatments. Leaves and aerial parts from the whole plant and dried yield as the main source of essential oil had the weakest function, which should be optimized to adjust and gain more efficiency. In the essential oil yield step, as a final procedure, the highest improvements were observed in PRD55 treatment with 90% improvement in efficiency compared to control treatment. According to the results and calculating water productivity, PRD55 treatment improved water productivity by 179% compared to the control treatment. Two-way ANOVA analysis, between deficit volume and the deficit applying method, showed that total water productivity was affected (increased) significantly by the deficit applying method. This implies the contribution of the PRD technique to enhance more signals than RDI-based signals, which resulted in more improvements in secondary metabolism production in peppermint.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Orange Trees to Different Deficit Irrigation Regimes

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puglisi ◽  
Nicolosi ◽  
Vanella ◽  
Piero ◽  
Stagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The article presents the results of research consisting of the application of deficit irrigation (DI) criteria, combined with the adoption of micro-irrigation methods, on orange orchards (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) in Sicily (Italy) during the irrigation season of 2015. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, T3) and partial root-zone drying (PRD, T4) strategies were compared with full irrigation (T1) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI, T2) treatments in terms of physiological, biochemical, and productive crop response. A geophysical survey (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT) was carried out to identify a link between the percentages of drying soil volume in T4 with leaves abscisic acid (ABA) signal. Results highlight that the orange trees physiological response to water stress conditions did not show particular differences among the different irrigation treatments, not inducing detrimental effects on crop production features. ABA levels in leaves were rather constant in all the treatments, except in T4 during late irrigation season. ERT technique identified that prolonged drying cycles during alternate PRD exposed more roots to severe soil drying, thus increasing leaf ABA accumulation.

scholarly journals Regulated deficit irrigation based on threshold values of trunk diameter fluctuation indicators in table olive trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moriana ◽  
M. Corell ◽  
I.F. Girón ◽  
W. Conejero ◽  
D. Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Table Olive ◽  
Olive Trees

scholarly journals Optimized Regulated Deficit Irrigation Management for Watermelon Cultivation in a Semiarid Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Kelly Nascimento Leite ◽  
Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho ◽  
Jose Maria Tarjuelo Martin- Benito ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Alfonso Dominguez Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

The present study aimed to validate the MOPECO crop simulation model and to determine a viable irrigation management for watermelon in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, using methodologies of optimized regulated deficit irrigation (ORDI) and constant deficit irrigation (CDI). The experiment was carried out during October to December 2013 and the second one from July to August 2014 in plots of land of producers in the Baixo Acaraú Irrigated Perimeter – Ceará, Brazil. Treatments were characterized by ORDI management (70, 80, 90% ETa/ETm ratio) and CDI management along the entire cycle (70, 80 and 90% ETm) and control treatment, irrigated with 100% of the water requirement of the crop (ETm). In terms of saving of water resources, the results showed that management with regulated deficit irrigation leads to favorable and economically viable results for the farmer, of water saving, especially in a situation of severe water scarcity, irrigation management with regulated water deficit (ORDI) can provide favorable and economically viable results for the farmer. The highest value of WUE (41.8 kg m-3) was obtained with the treatment of lowest water volume applied (352.1 L) in the second experiment, decreasing with the increase in the water volume used. The ORDI methodology represents a better water use efficiency for all treatments of deficit applied compared to CDI treatments. The difference of ORDI and CDI methodology provided an increase of up to 200% in the gross margin obtained with the exploration of the watermelon culture which represents a range of R$ 986.00 in profit in a situation of water scarcity, as in the case of the studied region, the strategy with water supply of 70% of ETa/ETm ratio regulated by phenological stage was recommended in order to obtain highest water use efficiency.

Physiological responses of almond trees under regulated deficit irrigation using saline and desalinated reclaimed water

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 107172
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
Francisco Pedrero ◽  
Gabriele Caponio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Almond Trees

Effects of irrigation water salinity and sodicity on infiltration and lucerne growth over a shallow watertable

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Slavich ◽  
G. H. Petterson ◽  
D. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Channel Water

Irrigation using saline sodic groundwater is a major strategy to manage salinisation from shallow watertables in the irrigation areas of south-east Australia. There is concern that this strategy will increase soil sodicity and induce a decline in soil physical properties that affect infiltration. Laboratory experiments have shown that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils may decrease when a saline–sodic soil is leached with low salinity water. This paper evaluates the field significance of these concerns to irrigation water management practices. The effects of changing the irrigation water source from saline–sodic groundwater to low salinity channel water on the infiltration properties of a hardsetting red-brown earth and the yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa) were evaluated over a 3-year period. Four dilution strategies to use high-salinity (EC 6 dS/m) and high-sodicity [SAR 16 (mmol/L)0.5] groundwater were compared. They were: (i) irrigation with groundwater in the spring then channel water for remainder of the summer irrigation season; (ii) irrigation with channel water in spring then groundwater for the rest of season; (iii) irrigation with diluted groundwater EC 3 dS/m for whole season; and (iv) alternative irrigations with groundwater EC 6 dS/m and channel water throughout the season. The control treatment was irrigated with low-salinity (EC 0.15 dS/m) channel water all season. The treatments were applied for 2 summer irrigation seasons then channel water was applied to all plots for another season. The site was underlain by a shallow watertable at 1.0 m. The final steady infiltration rate of each plot was measured each irrigation using capacitance water level loggers. This value was used as an index of soil structural stability to the water quality treatments. The results show all groundwater treatments caused the soil to increase in salinity from ECe(0–0.15 m) 0.6–0.9 dS/m to 3.8–7.3 dS/m and sodicity from SARe(0–0.15 m) 1.7–2.1 to 14.2–16.8 after 2 years of application. The steady infiltration rate was not affected by treatment during this period. In the third year when all plots were irrigated with channel water there was a small decrease in the steady infiltration rate during irrigation in the alternating groundwater treatment. The steady infiltration rates of the experimental soil were relatively low, varying from 4.9 to 7.0 mm/h for different water quality treatments. The most likely explanation of the small treatment effect is that infiltration in this soil is dominated by water entry via surface cracks. Soil analysis indicated that sufficient electrolyte was maintained in the matrix of the surface soil to prevent significant swelling and clay dispersion, even after many irrigations of channel water were applied. Water balance estimates and changes in profile salinity indicated that the lucerne used significant quantities of water directly from the watertable, concentrating salt within the capillary fringe above the watertable to a maximum of 36 dS/m. A larger proportion of the water requirement appeared to be taken up directly from the watertable where saline irrigation water was also applied. This led to rapid profile salinisation and sodification from a combination of upward flux from the watertable and salt applied in the irrigation water.

Analysis of deficit irrigation strategies by using SUBSTOR-Potato model in a semi-arid area

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 578-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Montoya ◽  
D. Camargo ◽  
J. I. Córcoles ◽  
A. Domínguez ◽  
J. F. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractIn areas where water is scarce, the use of regulated deficit irrigation, combined with decision support system tools, may decrease the impact of agriculture on natural water resources, as well as on energy consumption, thereby improving the profitability of farms. With this aim, the SUBSTOR-Potato model (incorporated in the DSSAT Program) was evaluated with a 2-year field test (2011 and 2012) conducted in a semi-arid area (Albacete, Spain) applying four irrigation levels (120, 100, 80 and 60% of irrigation requirements). Subsequently, the model was used for simulating the potato yield under several deficit irrigation strategies (ISs) during 30 years of a semi-arid climate (1988–2017) and determining the most profitable option. The considered ISs were deemed those most suitable from the yield and water productivity point of view by some authors. The model performance for tuber yield was satisfactory with an index of agreement >0.91 and errors between 0.71 and 3.06 × 103 kg/ha. The ISs simulated with SUBSTOR-Potato showed that slight deficit irrigation (5–10%) may increase the water productivity and profitability of the farms. Moreover, tuber formation (from onset of tuber initiation to harvest) was shown to be the most sensitive stage, therefore it is highly recommended to avoid deficit during this stage, which would cause a large reduction in yield (around 8 t/ha, depending on the level of deficit suffered by the crop).

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