EFFECTS OF AMMONIA AND STEAM TREATMENTS ON THE COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CANOLA (LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) SCREENINGS IN DIETS FOR GROWING PIGS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Feeding Trials

Two lots of fine screenings from canola (low glucosinolate rapeseed) were flaked (rolled) and processed (a) control, uncooked (UC); (b) wet-cooked using steam (WC), dried; and (c) WC with ammonia added (WC + NH3) and dried. The screenings meals were tested at 10 and 20% levels in diets that were individually fed to 48 pigs (23–57 kg) of both sexes in each of two factorially designed feeding experiments. In a separate digestibility trial, the meals were fed at 15 or 30% of a barley:wheat (2: 1) basal diet. The glucosinolate content was reduced from approximately 40 μmol/g (UC) to 15 μmol and 2 μmol in WC and WC + NH3 screenings, respectively. The availability of lysine was reduced by processing. Pigs fed diets containing WC screenings gained faster (625 g/day) (P < 0.05) than those fed diets containing UC (576 g) or WC + NH3 screenings (588 g). Pigs fed 10% screenings gained faster than those fed 20% (612 vs. 583 g/day) (P < 0.05) with a similar difference (P < 0.05) between sources (lots). Digestibility of crude protein was reduced from 67% in UC to 62–65% in processed screenings. Minor treatment effects on energy digestibility were observed depending on the source. Key words: Rapeseed screenings, cooking, ammoniation, pigs, feeding trials, digestibility

EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND PROCESSING OF DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF HOLSTEIN STEERS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
B. A. Duck ◽  
H. H. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Improve Rate

Feeding trials involving a total of 78 Holstein steers and utilizing barley diets were conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E and trace minerals, hay, diethylstilbestrol, and physical form of the barley on rate of gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics.In the first trial, a basal diet containing 13.2% crude protein was used. Inclusion of a vitamin E, manganese, zinc, copper and sulfur supplement, 10% hay, or urea in the pelleted diets, or implantation with 9 mg of diethylstilbestrol at the initial weight of 92 kg did not improve rate of gain or dressing percent (P < 0.05). The inclusion of 10% hay reduced feed efficiency (P < 0.05).In the second trial in which dry-rolled, steam-rolled, dry-rolled and pelleted, and steam-rolled and pelleted barley diets were fed, the dry-rolled diet gave slower gains than the diets containing steam-rolled barley or steam-rolled, pelleted barley (P < 0.05). Implanting steers fed the steam-rolled, pelleted diet with 24 mg of diethylstilbestrol at 240 kg liveweight increased rate of gain over other treatments (P < 0.05). Treatments did not affect feed efficiency. Dressing percent was increased in steers fed steam-rolled barley in comparison with those fed dry-rolled barley.

171 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of dietary Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will alleviate negative effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance of growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (initial body weight: 33.9 ± 2.6 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets and 3 blocks with 3 pigs per diet in each block in a 12-d experiment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with the main effects of L-Val (0 or 0.1%), L-Ile (0 or 0.1%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) that were added to a basal diet containing corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein; 5.9% Leu). The basal diet contained 1.00 % standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and 171% SID Leu:Lys. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with concentrations of Val, Ile, and Trp, and all interactions as main effects and replicate as a random effect. No 3-way interactions were observed (Table 1). Results indicated that fecal N output increased if Ile was added to diets without added Val, but that was not the case if Val was added (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). Addition of Ile to diets reduced N retention, but N retention increased with Trp addition to diets without Val addition, but not if Trp was added to diets with added Val (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). The biological value of protein increased if Trp was added to diets without addition of Ile, but if Ile was added, Trp addition did not increase the biological value of protein (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, adding Ile to a diet with excess Leu reduced N retention, but if Trp was added alone or in combination with Ile or Val, N retention increased.

Sunflower expellers have greater ileal digestibility of amino acids than sunflower meal, but there are only minor variations among different sources of sunflower meal when fed to growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena A Ibagon ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The objective was to test the hypothesis that there is no effect of origin or processing procedure on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and crude protein (CP) in sunflower co-products. Six sources of sunflower meal (SFM) and 1 source of sunflower expellers (SFE) were obtained from Ukraine, Italy, Hungary, and the U.S. Each source of SFM or SFE was the only source of CP and AA in 1 diet and an N-free diet was also used for a total of 8 diets. Eight barrows (body weight: 28.5 ± 2.4 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to 1 of the 8 diets using an 8 × 8 Latin square design with 8 periods. The Lys:CP ratio in the 6 sources of SFM ranged from 3.10 to 3.96% with CP concentrations ranging from 27.34 to 36.75%. Crude protein in SFE was 26.87% and the Lys:CP ratio was 3.51%. Concentrations of acid hydrolyzed ether extract in the 6 sources of SFM ranged from 0.60 to 3.11%, but SFE contained 8.77%. Results indicated that the SID of CP was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in SFM from Hungary compared with all other sources of SFM except for 1 of the sources from Ukraine. There were no differences in the SID of Lys, Met, and Trp among sources of SFM, but for most of the remaining indispensable AA, the SFM from Hungary had less (P &lt; 0.05) SID than the other sources. However, only few differences in SID of indispensable AA were observed among the other sources of SFM, but the SID of CP and all AA except Trp was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in SFE compared with SFM. In conclusion, there were only few differences in the SID of the first limiting AA among SFM obtained from Ukraine, Hungary, Italy, and the U.S., but the SID of CP and AA was greater in SFE than in SFM indicating that processing of sunflower seeds influence the nutritional value.

Moist barley preserved with propionic acid in the diet of the growing pig

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. English ◽  
J. H. Topps ◽  
D. G. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe feeding value of three forms of acid-treated moist barley, viz. 26 % moisture and either rolled or plate-milled, and 29 % moisture plate-milled, was compared with that of dried hammer-milled barley for growing pigs from 23 to 87 kg live weight. Two feeding experiments were undertaken, one in which individual pigs were given the same amount of dry matter from all the diets, while in the other, groups of pigs were fed ad libitum. Digestibility of the diet was determined in a third experiment.In both feeding experiments differences between treatments in efficiency of utilization of dry matter in the feed were significant (P<0·05), that for the diet containing dried barley being approximately 5% better than the other three. There were no significant differences between treatments in intake of dry matter, rate of growth and carcass quality of the pigs. However, pigs fed on dried barley apparently grew more rapidly than those given any of the acid-treated moist barleys. Differences in digestibility of the diets were very small and not significant except for crude protein. Differences in digestibility of protein (P<0·05), however, were not consistent with differences in efficiency of conversion of dry matter in the feed.

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 2. Identification of the limiting amino acid(s) in a low-protein diet supplemented with lysine

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Taylor ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

ABSTRACTA basal diet containing 120 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg, and previously shown to be limiting in one or more essential amino acids and/or non-essential nitrogen, was examined. It was fed either alone to growing female pigs from 25 kg to 55 kg live weight or in combination with four supplements of synthetic amino acids each containing three out of isoleucine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. A control diet containing 140 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg was also included. Blood samples were collected at 40 kg live weight in order to examine the influence of dietary treatments on blood metabolites. Results for growth performance, carcass composition and blood urea indicated that threonine was the first limiting amino acid in the basal diet. Plasma free amino acids gave no clear trend. Growth performance and carcass composition were unaffected by supplementation of the diet with glycine indicating that the dietary supply of non-essential nitrogen was adequate.

Growth responses and serum enzyme activities in growing pigs resultant from supplementing diets based on aged barley with synthetic δ-α-tocopherol

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-235
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence ◽  
J. W. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase

SUMMARYIn group and individual feeding experiments of 98 days duration, a total of 96 Large White x Landrace 9-week-old pigs were fed diets (containing 0–09 mg selenium/kg) based on 85% of barley (containing 3 mg δ-α-tocopherol/kg), which had been stored aerobically for 1 year, with 0 (basal), 10, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg/kg of synthetic δ-α-tocopherol added. In both experiments the tocopherol supplementation significantly improved growth rates over those obtained from the basal diet. Serum creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were not significantly affected.

The digestibility of dried microbial cells grown on methanol in diets for growing pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
I. W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cell Product ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Microbial N

SummaryA microbial cell product was compared with fish meal at three levels of dietary inclusion, using barley as the basal diet. Digestibility coefficients for flash-dried microbial cells (DMC) were calculated to be 0·85 for gross energy and 0·91 for N. Digestible energy (DE) values were 18·8 MJ DE/kg D.M. for DMC and 16·5 MJ DE/kg D.M. for the fish meal. Digestible nitrogen (DN) values were 119 g DN/kg D.M. for the DMC protein and 108 g DN/kg D.M. for the fish meal. The metabolizable energy (ME) values for diets containing DMC were similar to those for diets containing fish meal; ME/DE for diets containing about 16·5% crude protein was 0·96. Microbial N was less efficiently utilized than fish meal N; this was largely attributed to the different contents of nucleic acid N.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of white lupine cultivar Butan in diets for fattening pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pisarikova ◽  
Z. Zraly ◽  
F. Bunka ◽  
M. Trckova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Live Body Weight

The aim of our study was to assess the nutritional value of whole and dehulled ground seeds of <I>Lupinus albus</I> L., cv. Butan by the determination of balance digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs at different levels of replacement of soy protein with lupine. The experiment was performed on 25 pigs of hybrid combination Pietrain × (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) with initial body weights of 30.7 ± 2.21 kg. The feed compound of the control group contained extracted soybean meal (ESM). In four experimental diets, 50% and 100% replacement of soy protein with the inclusion of whole (WL 50, WL 100) or dehulled (DL 50, DL 100) lupine was carried out. Nutrient and amino acid digestibility was determined using the indicator of insoluble ash in 4M HCl in pigs with a mean live body weight of 48.9 ± 3.51 kg . Higher digestibility of crude protein (<I>P</I> < 0.01), ether extract (<I>P</I> < 0.01), crude fibre (<I>P</I> < 0.01), NDF, ADF (<I>P</I> < 0.05), and cellulose (<I>P</I> < 0.05) was found for the diet WL 50 compared with the control group ESM. In the diet DL 50, higher digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, NDF, and cellulose (<I>P</I>P < 0.01) was recorded compared with the control. Higher digestibility of lysine and threonine (<I>P</I> < 0.01) was found in the diet WL 50 in comparison with ESM; a lower digestibility of methionine (<I>P</I> < 0.01) was found in the diet DL 50. Lower digestibility of crude protein, NDF, ADF (<I>P</I> < 0.01), and cellulose (<I>P</I> < 0.01) was found at 100% supplementation of soy protein with whole seed lupine (WL 100) compared to the control. A 100% replacement of soy protein with dehulled lupine (DL 100) resulted in significantly higher digestibility of dry matter (<I>P</I> < 0.01), crude protein (<I>P</I> < 0.05), ether extract (<I>P</I> < 0.01), crude fibre (<I>P</I> < 0.01), N-FE (<I>P</I> < 0.01), organic matter (<I>P</I> < 0.01), NDF (<I>P</I>< 0.01), ADF, and cellulose (<I>P</I> < 0.01) compared with the control diet. In this case, digestibility of threonine (<I>P</I> < 0.01) and lysine was higher, that of methionine was lower. The highest concentration and daily output of diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) were observed in the diet WL 100. Daily gains in live body weight were nonsignificantly higher in all experimental animals compared with the controls, the most beneficial conversion being a 100% replacement of soy protein with dehulled lupine (DL 100).

Nutritive value of wheat concentrated distillers solubles in diets for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
P. Rosenfelder ◽  
M. Eklund ◽  
H. K. Spindler ◽  
U. Messerschmidt ◽  
C. Potthast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Difference

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the nutritive value of wheat-derived wet concentrated distillers solubles (CDS) for growing pigs. In Exp. 1, standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) was determined by the difference method, using six ileally cannulated barrows (initial bodyweight (BW) of 31 ± 2.9 kg). The pigs were fed a casein-corn starch-based diet supplemented with wheat CDS so that about half of the crude protein (CP) originated from either wheat CDS or from casein. In Exp. 2, 12 barrows with an initial BW of 17 ± 0.9 kg were used to determine digestible energy (DE) content, and to calculate metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) content of wheat CDS. Animals were fed either a casein-corn starch-based basal diet or a CDS diet containing 470 g/kg of the basal diet and 530 g/kg wheat CDS on a dry matter (DM) basis. Values of SID of CP and AA in Exp. 1 amounted to 85, 74, 83 and 70% for CP, lysine, methionine and threonine, respectively. The DE, ME and NE contents of wheat CDS were 16.8, 15.8 and 11.1 MJ/kg DM, respectively. It can be concluded that SID of CP and AA and also the energy content in wheat CDS are substantially higher than corresponding values reported in international tables with information on nutritional value of dried co-products of bioethanol production.

scholarly journals PSIV-2 Digestibility evaluation of fermented soybean for nursery piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
Ricardo M Garcia ◽  
Gabriel Arruda ◽  
Rhuan Chaves ◽  
Charles Ribeiro ◽  
Melissa Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

Abstract Anti-nutritional factors (ANF) and antigenic proteins present in soybean meal (SBM) limit its application in piglet diets. Therefore, protein sources of high biological value are used as an alternative to replace SBM, which became the pre-initial feed the most expensive diet in pork production. The main problems caused by the presence of ANF are related to poor digestion, absorption and nutrient utilization resulting in increased diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, and consequent lower growth performance. ANF in soybean might be inactivated through heat treatment but also, it may reduce the availability of some amino acids when overheated. The process of fermentation may enhance the nutritional value of soybean by increasing the bioavailability of nutrients and reducing ANF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrients digestibility of fermented soybeans for nursery piglets. Twenty pigs (barrows), initial weight of 11 kg, were housed in metabolic cages and had their feces and urine collected for analysis. Piglets were assigned in ten replicates and two experimental diets, basal diet and fermented soybean diet (80% of the basal diet and 20% of the fermented soybean). The total amount fed was determined based on metabolic weight parameters. Ferric oxide was used as a fecal marker. The coefficient of digestibility was used to estimate the nutritional value trough analyzing dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), calcium digestibility (CD), phosphorus digestibility (PD), digestible energy (DE) and, metabolizable energy (ME). The digestibility coefficients were 91.02% for DMD; 93.74% for CPD; 76.10% for CD; 54.62% for PD; and 86.73% for DE. ME was determined in 3589 kcal kg-1. Crude protein was determined in 59.64%. The nutritional profile of the fermented soybean shows a great potential to be used in initial diets of piglets due to their high level of nutrients digestibility.

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