PROGENY GROUP SIZE IN AN ORGANIZED PROGENY TEST PROGRAM OF AI BEEF BULLS USING REFERENCE SIRES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. FOULLEY ◽  
L. R. SCHAEFFER ◽  
H. SONG ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Program Optimization ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Progeny Group

A numerical procedure was utilized to optimize the number of progeny for young bulls and reference sires in a beef sire progeny testing program. Optimization was based on attaining a desired level of accuracy on the types of comparisons that were to be made after the test was completed. As heritability increased, the total number of progeny required decreased, but the percentage of reference sire progeny remained the same. There were near optimum progeny distributions with smaller total number of progeny and only slightly less accurate than the optimum solutions which could also be considered for application. Key words: Progeny testing, beef cattle, optimum designs, reference sires

THE EVALUATION OF BEEF BULLS FROM AN ORGANIZED PROGENY TEST PROGRAM

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. SCHAEFFER ◽  
HOON SONG ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Computational Procedures ◽  
Program Test

Three methods of evaluating beef sires for weaning weight with data obtained from an organized young sire progeny testing program were compared. Information from Agriculture Canada’s National Beef Sire Monitoring Program was utilized along with computational procedures based on best linear unbiased prediction. The methods were applied to data from the Canadian Simmental Association as an illustration of the methods. A model which incorporates the proofs of the reference sires into the comparisons with test bulls was considered more appropriate than the other two models compared. The results also showed that even in an organized progeny test program, test bulls are not truly mated to cows of equal merit or across equal herd environments.

A New High-Efficiency Heavy-Duty Combustion Turbine 701F

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fukue ◽  
S. Aoki ◽  
K. Aoyama ◽  
S. Umemura ◽  
A. Merola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Reliability Verification

The 701F is a high-temperature 50 Hz industrial grade 220 MW size engine based on a scaling of the 501F 150 MW class 60 Hz machine, and incorporates a higher compressor pressure ratio to increase the thermal efficiency. The prototype engine is under a two-year performance and reliability verification testing program at MHI’s Yokohama Plant and was initially fired in June of 1992. This paper describes the 701F design features design changes made from 501F. The associated performance and reliability verification test program will also be presented.

scholarly journals Pemotongan Sapi Betina Produktif di Rumah Potong Hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nur Rasminati
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words

<div class="WordSection1"><p><em>The research was conducted to know the number of the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY. All of the beef cattle which slaughtered along a month were used in this research. The result showed that the number of productive beef cattle slaughtered  up to 2 years old were 28.98%; 2 – 5 years old were 69.55%; more than 5 years old were 1.44%. The female beef cattle slaughtered were 54.58% and the male beef cattle slaughtered were 32.36%. The non productive beef cattle slaughtered were 13.04% including 5.79% male and 7.24% female. The Peranakan Ongole (PO) breed slaughtered was 60.36% (125 heads), Brahman Cross 16.42% (34 heads), Simmental 15.94% (33 heads), Brangus 2.42% (5 heads), Limousine 4.35% (9 heads) and PFH 0.48% (1 heads). The percentage of productive beef cattle slaughtering were 86.95% with female beef productive were 64.25% and the PO breed at 2 – 5 years old were the most slaughtered. It could be concluded that the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY was quite high, which may influence the breed resources of beef cattle.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : Productive beef cattle, slaughtering, abattoir, Yogyakarta</em></p></div><em><br clear="all" /> </em>

Mechanical Validation: An Integral Part of Medium Speed Diesel Engine Development

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Lierz ◽  
Michael Franke ◽  
Jeffrey LeBegue
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Experimental Development ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Engine Development

A comprehensive mechanical testing program was part of the development of the Diesel engine for the GEVO locomotive family. The test program has been developed under consideration of the demands of a railroad application. The program included both fired engine and component rig testing. Component rig tests were used to validate major components early in the design stage. Engine testing included measurements to validate the CAE models and allow detailed experimental development of components and subsystems. Several endurance runs have proven the reliability of the new engine.

Genetic changes in ruminants: Historic trends and future prospects

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Brian McGuirk
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractThe major ruminant species, dairy and beef cattle and sheep, represent a rather heterogeneous group as regards genetic improvement, which to a large extent reflects their respective breeding structures. In the UK, the beef cattle and sheep industries still span many different breeds, have small herds/flocks, and have been relatively unaffected by agribusiness investment, and are assumed to have a traditional pyramid breeding structure, in which progress is determined by a small number of breeders. Recording of production information, which to date has focussed on terminal sire characteristics, is relatively recent, and until the use of across herd evaluations, genetic progress was probably limited. However in recent years there have been gains in both growth and muscling. There is little evidence or concern for undesired consequences in commercial flocks, partly because of the extensive use of crossbreeding in these industries, which exploits both breed complementarity and heterosis.By contrast, the dairy industry is now dominated by purebred Holsteins. Increasingly breeding activities are both global in scope and dominated by a small number of large breeding companies. Because most traits of interest are only expressed in the female, improvement programmes have continued to focus on progeny testing, with test daughters in many herds. Most recording schemes and promotional activities emphasise production and type traits. The dairy industry is also notable for the publication of bull progeny test results, so that top bulls can then be used as sires of the next generation of by all companies. These bull evaluations now extend to international rankings.Data from the US indicates continuing genetic progress for production traits in the Holstein, particularly since the 1960s, by when progeny testing had been established, frozen semen widely used, and adequate statistical procedures in place for evaluating bulls. Genetic progress is also evident for type traits. There is now growing concern and evidence of undesirable genetic changes in fertility, disease incidence and overall stress, despite improved nutrition and general management. Altering this situation will require both the recording of such traits and the use of that information by breeding companies, especially in sire selection.

Procedures of sire selection, sampling and application of new technology

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
O. Meland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Test Programme

AbstractThe objective of any well designed progeny test programme is to identify those individuals that have inherited the favourable genes from his parents. Bulls that enter a progeny test programme have been highly selected on a set of selection criteria. The criteria vary among organizations based upon their breeding philosophy and their prediction of the future economic value of various traits. The accuracy of choosing among this highly selected group is quite low. Increasing the accuracy of selection before progeny testing is the greatest potential application of genetic marker technology. Markers associated with traits of importance can greatly enhance traditional selection methods by increasing the prospect of an individual having the desired characteristics. Genetic marker-assisted selection can greatly increase the actual genetic merit of traits of economic importance

A comparison between the actual progeny test of Friesian/Holstein bulls and indexes calculated from pedigree information

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. T. Swanson ◽  
H. Joanne Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Maternal Grandsire ◽  
Progeny Performance

ABSTRACTTwo pedigree indexes were calculated for 754 Friesian/Holstein bulls born between 1974 and 1980 and tested by the Milk Marketing Board. Correlations between the indexes and the average progeny performance were used to compare the indexes calculated using information from different ancestors. The first index, or estimated predicted difference (EPD) was calculated as one-half the sire progeny test, known as an Improved Contemporary Comparison (ICC), plus one-quarter the maternal grandsire ICC. The second index or estimated ICC (EICC) was calculated from one-half the sire ICC plus one-half the dam cow genetic index (CGI). The correlations between the deregressed bull evaluations (DICC) and EPD, calculated from 310 bulls, were 0·40 for milk yield, 0·40 for fat yield and 0·39 for protein yield. The corresponding correlations between the DICC and EICC, calculated from 314 bulls, were 0·43, 0·40 and 0·41. The regression coefficients for predicting average progeny performance from the EPD index were 1·00 (s.e. 0·13), 0·97 (s.e. 0·12), 0·96 (s.e. 0·13), 1·09 (s.e. 0·12) and 1·08 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield, fat and protein percentage respectively. Those for predicting progeny performance from the EICC index were 0·95 (s.e. 0·11), 0·81 (s.e. 0·10) and 0·84 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield respectively. Although the correlations were lower than the expected values of 0·50 (EPD) and 0·55 (EICC) the regressions were near the expected value of 1. The results indicate that the indexes are useful as a preliminary means of selecting bulls prior to progeny testing.

Associations of melanocortin 1 receptor genotype with growth and carcass traits in beef cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim L McLean ◽  
Sheila M Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Fat Level

Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) is considered to be the main gene controlling the production of eumelanin or phaeomelanin, resulting in black or red coat colour of cattle. The recessive red allele, e, codes for a nonfunctional receptor, which does not bind the agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), allowing for the production of phaeomelanin, or red pigment, whereas the dominant ED allele binds α-MSH leading to the production of eumelanin. We hypothesized that black cattle would have more α-MSH bound to MC1R, which could result in more α-MSH binding to the appetite suppressing receptor, Melanocortin 4 Receptor. We genotyped 328 crossbred steers of various colours that were purchased at weaning and fed until slaughter. Black cattle of ED/ED or ED/e genotype had increased back fat and required significantly fewer days (15-25) on feed to reach a target fat level for slaughter than the red cattle. Red cattle of e/e genotype were found to have a significantly larger longissimus dorsi (l. dorsi), shipping weight and hot carcass weight. Differences were comparable whether black versus red coat colour or MC1R genotype were used as the criteria for the group of cattle. Key words: Coat colour, MC4R, MC1R, α-MSH, shipping weight

EFFECTS OF YEARLING WEIGHT SELECTION IN SHORTHORN BEEF CATTLE ON AGE-OF-DAM ADJUSTMENT FACTORS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-965
Author(s):  
J. C. OLTHOFF ◽  
G. H. CROW ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Performance Change ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Over Time

Lines within a breed which differ in their level of performance may require different age-of-dam adjustment factors in the same way that different breeds do. Age-of-dam adjustments calculated from a control and a yearling weight selection line indicated lower values in the selected line for calf birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight for 2- and 4-yr-old dams. Trends for adjustment factors in each line over time were generally not significant but tended to diverge. Age-of-dam adjustment factors within a breed may need to be reevaluated at intervals as levels of performance change. Key words: Beef cattle, age of dam adjustment, selection, yearling weight

Mechanical Properties of Tank Car Steels Retired From the Fleet

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. McKeighan ◽  
David Y. Jeong ◽  
Joseph W. Cardinal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Toughness Testing

As a consequence of recent accidents involving the release of hazardous materials (hazmat), the structural integrity and crashworthiness of railroad tank cars have come under scrutiny. Particular attention has been given to the older portion of the fleet that was built prior to steel normalization requirements instituted in 1989. This paper describes a laboratory testing program to examine the mechanical properties of steel samples obtained from tank cars that were retired from the fleet. The test program consisted of two parts: (1) material characterization comprised of chemical, tensile and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact energy and (2) high-rate fracture toughness testing. In total, steel samples from 34 tank cars were received and tested. These 34 tank cars yielded 61 different pre-1989 TC128-B conditions (40 shell and 21 head samples), three tank cars yielded seven different post-1989 TC128-B conditions (four shell and three head samples), and six tank cars yielded other material (A212, A515, and A285 steel) conditions (six shell and five head samples). The vast majority of the TC128-B samples extracted from retired tank cars met current TC128-B material specifications. Elemental composition requirements were satisfied in 97 percent of the population whereas the required tensile properties were satisfied in 82 percent of the population. Interpretation of the high-rate fracture toughness tests required dividing the pre-1989 fleet into quartiles that depended on year of manufacture or age, and testing three tank cars per quartile. Considering the high-rate fracture toughness results at 0°F for the pre-1989 fleet, 100 percent of the oldest two quartiles, 58 percent of the second youngest quartile, and 83 percent of the youngest quartile exhibited adequate or better fracture toughness (defined as toughness greater than 50 ksi√in). High-rate fracture toughness at –50°F was adequate for 83 percent of two quartiles (the youngest and second oldest), but the other two quartiles exhibited lower toughness with only 33 (2nd youngest) to 50 percent (oldest) exhibiting adequate properties.

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