EFFECTS OF ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE ON GROWING CHICKENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CHRISTOPHER YOUNG ◽  
RON R. MARQUARDT
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Ergotamine Tartrate

The nutritional and toxicological effects of feeding ergotamine tartrate over the range of 0 to ca. 800 ppm in the diet to chickens were evaluated. In 7- to 10-day feeding trials with broiler and Leghorn chicks, 30–40 ppm of ergotamine tartrate in the diet did not alter feed consumption or weight gains. Pure alkaloid (at ca. 800 ppm) had only a slight effect on the feed:gain ratio, whereas 4% wheat ergot decreased the feed utilization efficiency twofold. Gross pathological effects in brain, liver, and muscle tissues were not observed, even at the highest (ca. 800 ppm) levels, although toe necrosis occurred at about 250 ppm. Hearts were enlarged in birds at or above 250 ppm, likely due to back pressure arising from vasoconstriction. In a 51-day trial with broilers, similar performance and pathological effects similar to those noted in the short-term studies were observed. Reduced weight gains were apparent only for the first 2–3 wk; thereafter, chicks maintained nearly constant average weights relative to control. Ergotamine tartrate did not accumulate in tissues and only when the highest levels were fed could trace amounts (< 10 ppb) be detected. About 5% of the alkaloid fed was excreted unchanged with an additional 15–20% detected as a complex mixture of 16 possible metabolites. Key words: Chickens, mycotoxins, ergot, ergotamine tartrate

scholarly journals Maggot Meal (Hermetia illucens) Substitution on Fish Meal as Source of Animal Protein to Growth, Feed Utilization Efficiency, and Survival Rate of Milkfish (Chanos chanos)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Vivi Endar Herawati ◽  
Pinandoyo Pinandoyo ◽  
Seto Windarto ◽  
Putut Hariyadi ◽  
Johannes Hutabarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

High protein content in maggot is one of the advantages for increasing fish growth through artificial feed. This study aimed to find the best optimization and feed formulation for fish meal substitution with maggot meal on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and survival rate of milkfish (C. chanos). Milkfish (C. chanos) with an average weight of 0.62±0.01 gram/fish was used as test fish. Feeding is carried out at 07.00 a.m., 12.00 p.m., and 17:00 p.m. through fixed feeding rate method. The tested fish was kept for 42 days with a stocking density of 1 fish/l. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments which had been done were fish meal substitution with maggot meal as follows: A (0%), B (25%), C (50%), D (75%), and E (100%). The research parameters included total feed consumption (TFC), feed utilization efficiency (FUE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), relative growth rate (RGR), survival rate (SR), and water quality. The results showed that the fish meal substitution with maggot meal had a significant effect (p<0.05) on FUE, PER, RGR and had no significant effect (p>0.05) on TFC and SR. The best treatment of each treatment is in treatment C with a composition of 50% maggot meal substitution on fish meal which resulted in a TFC value of 40.17±4.58, FUE of 27.51±0.77, PER of 0.83±0.03%, and RGR of 2.34±0.10.

scholarly journals The effect of fermented duckweed (Lemna minor) in feed on growth and nutritional quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Endar Herawati ◽  
PINANDOYO PINANDOYO ◽  
Y.S. DARMANTO ◽  
NURMANITA RISMANINGSIH ◽  
SETO WINDARTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

Abstract. Herawati VE, Pinandoyo, Darmanto YS, Rismaningsih N, Widarto S, Radjasa OK. 2020. The effect of fermented duckweed (Lemna minor) in feed on growth and nutritional quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biodiversitas 21: 3350-3358. One of the raw materials used for making tilapia fish feed is soybean meal. Soybean prices continue to rise and currently reach 4,500 rupiah/kg, so that alternative feed ingredients that are cheap and environmentally friendly need to be sought. Alternative feed ingredients that can be utilized in making feed, one of which is Lemna minor meal. Duckweed (Lemna minor) which has a high nutrient content, such as 23.47% crude protein, 3.99% crude fat, 29.92% crude fiber, 23.6% ash, and 19.02% nitrogen-free extract, will be the best candidate as an alternative feed ingredient. This study aims to find growth performance and nutritional quality of tilapia fed by different feed formulations using different amounts of fermented L. minor meal. The dosage treatments of feed with fermented L. minor meal are 0% (A), 2.5% (B), 5% (C), and 7.5% (D). Feeding of tilapia using fermented L. minor meal has a significant effect (P<0.05) on total feed consumption, feed utilization efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and relative growth rate, and had no significant effect (P>0.05) on survival rate. The results found that the best biomass weight, total feed consumption, feed utilization efficiency, relative growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and survival rate value was in the treatment B (usage of 2.5 % L. minor meal) which were 38.58g, 110.17g, 70.10%, 2.01%, 1.98%, and 94.44%, respectively. The best nutritional quality was in the treatment B (usage of 2.5 % L. minor meal) which was amino acid lysine, the highest value of amino acid lysine was 25.22% and the highest value of linoleic fatty acid was 4.37%.

THE ADDITION OF BUFFERS TO RUMINANT RATIONS: I. EFFECT ON WEIGHT GAINS, EFFICIENCY OF GAINS AND CONSUMPTION OF RATIONS WITH AND WITHOUT ROUGHAGE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Ad Libitum

A total of sixty-eight beef steers were used in three feeding trials to determine the effects of adding buffers to ruminant rations. The buffers used in these trials were sodium propionate and mixtures of sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate and calcium carbonate (as ground limestone). They were fed at levels varying from 2 to 9 pounds per 100 pounds of the concentrate ration. Data on feed consumption, weight gains and efficiency of feed conversion are presented.The addition of buffers to a ration containing timothy hay fed ad libitum did not prove beneficial. Buffers at the highest level (9 pounds per 100 pounds) were detrimental in the hay-concentrate ration. When the hay was removed from the ration there were highly significant decreases in weight gains and T.D.N. consumption. These decreases were partially offset by the addition of buffers to the all-concentrate rations. The results may have a practical application in the feeding of low-roughage rations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KADAR PROTEIN PAKAN YANG BERBEDA DENGAN RASIO E/P 8,5 kkal/g PROTEIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefti Wulanningrum ◽  
Subandiyono Subandiyono ◽  
Pinandoyo Pinandoyo
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Experimental Fish ◽  
Optimal Feed ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

Feed utilization by tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was less optimal. Feed utilization efficiency (FUE) by tilapia could be improved by feed them with the suitable E/P ratio value of feed. This studi was aimed to examine the effect of various dietary protein with the E/P ratio of 8,5 kcal/g protein on the growth of nile tilapia. The experimental fish used was nile tilapia with the average body weight of 0,50±0,02 g/fish. The feed was given three times a day i.e. at 8.00 am, 12.00, and 4.00, pm by applied at satiation method. The experimental fish was maintained for 35 days with the density of 1 fish/l. The experiment used was completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments A, B, C, and D were trial feeds with protein content of 28, 30, 33, and 36% with DE content 240, 255, 280.5, and 306 kcal, respectively. The variables measured were total feed consumption (TFC), ratio efficiency protein (REP), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR). The data showed that various dietary protein with equal E/P ratio resulted significantly effect (P<0,05) on FUE, REP, and SGR; but did not significantly effect (P>0,05) on TFC and SR. The TFC values of A, B, C, and D were 17,84±1,24, 18,70±0,28, 17,42±0,53, and 18,65±0,34 g; FUE values were 27,20±2,49, 38,19±3,84, 41,05±1,74, and 44,49±5,60%; REP values were 0,96±0,09, 1,28±0,13, 1,26±0,05, and 1,25±0,16%; and SGR values were 1,46±0,08, 1,94±0,28, 1,95±0,08, and 2,05±0,30%/day. The SR values of A, B, C and D were 100±0,00, 97,78±3,85, 97,78±3,85, and 95,33±4,04%, respectively. It was suggested that the increase of dietary energy and protein with a certain level of E/P ratio could improve the feed utilization efficiency and growth of tilapia

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN SINTASAN HIDUP IKAN NILA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG WORI (Ormocarpum cochinchinense) FERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Numisye Iske Mose ◽  
Jetti Treslah Saselah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Feed Utilization Efficiency

Tanaman wori merupakan salah satu tanaman kelompok fabaceace yang tumbuh melimpah di Sangihe dan sangat potensial digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber pakan ikan. Kadar protein daun wori adalah 25,53% sehingga berpotensi menjadi protein nabati bagi ikan. Kendala utama yang ditemui ketika memanfaatkan daun tanaman wori adalah kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi yaitu 48,51% sehingga dapat mempengaruhi proses pencernaan ikan, penyerapan nutrisi yang berujung pada rendahnya pertumbuhan ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung daun wori femerntasi terhadap laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan sintasan hidup ikan nila. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang dilakukan terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan yaitu kadar tepung daun wori tanpa fermentasi A (kontrol) 10%, kemudian B tepung daun wori fermentasi (10%), dan C tepung daun wori fermentasi (20%). Laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan efisiensi pakan diuji menggunakan ANOVA sedangkan sintasan hidup akan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penambahan tepung wori fermenasi dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesfik ikan nila dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan C yaitu SGR 1,94%/hari. Sementara itu, untuk semua perlakuan nilai sintasan hidup sebesar 100%.   The wori plant is one of the plants of the fabaceace group that grows abundantly in Sangihe and has potential to be used as a source of fish feed. The protein content of wori leaves is 25.53%, so it has the potential to become vegetable protein for fish. The main obstacle encountered when utilizing wori plant leaves is the high carbohydrate content of 48.51% so that it can affect the digestion process of fish, nutrient absorption which lead to low fish growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of wori femerntation leaf meal on the specific growth rate and survival of tilapia. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of three treatments and three replications, namely the content of fermented wori leaf powder, A (control) 10%, then B fermented wori leaf powder (10%), and C fermented wori leaf powder (20%). Specific growth rate and feed efficiency were tested using ANOVA, while survival rate was analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the addition of fermented wori powder in the feed can increase the value of the specific growth rate of tilapia and feed utilization efficiency with the highest value in treatment C, namely SGR 1.94% / day. Meanwhile, for all treatments the survival rate was 100%.

Investigation into the toxicological effects of Catha edulis leaves: a short term study in animals

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Mamary ◽  
M. Al-Habori ◽  
A. M. Al-Aghbari ◽  
M. M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Short Term Study

EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH LEVEL OF TOWER RAPESEED MEAL IN DAIRY RATIONS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. MCKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Level

In experiment 1, 12 cows were used to compare the two (0–0) rapeseed meal (1788 and Tower) varieties with the commercial rapeseed meal (CRSM) and soybean meal (SBM). Feed intake, milk yield and fat content were not different (P > 0.05) among the four treatments; however, protein content was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed CRSM and SBM diets than for those fed the 1788–RSM diet. But more (P < 0.05) milk fat was produced by the cows fed 1788–RSM than by those fed CRSM and SBM diets. In experiment 2, eight cows were used to determine the effects of replacing SBM with Tower and also replacing a portion of Tower with urea (TU) in a mixed or extruded (TUE) form on feed intake, milk yield and nitrogen (N) retention. No differences were observed in feed consumption, milk yield or composition among the treatments. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed SBM than for those fed the 1788–SBM and was similar to levels for cows fed CRSM and Tower in the first experiment. However, no differences were found in thyroxine level in the second experiment. Extrusion of Tower–urea mixture increased (P < 0.05) the N retention compared with other treatments. These short-term studies suggest that up to 25% Tower RSM can be used in dairy rations without adverse effect on performance.

scholarly journals The biologically relevant unit for the analysis of short-term feeding behaviour of dairy cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
D.P.N. Schweitzer ◽  
B.J. Tolkamp ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Log Normal

Study of short-term feeding behaviour (STFB) could improve the understanding of variation in daily intake in dairy cows. STFB is generally measured in short bouts (e.g. visits to feeders) that are clustered in larger bouts (or meals). The value of bout analysis depends strongly on the choice of an appropriate bout. Before bouts can be grouped into meals, a meal criterion (MC, that is: the longest non-feeding interval accepted as part of a meal) must be estimated. Tolkamp and Kyriazakis (1999) criticised existing methods and recently developed a new technique to estimate meal criteria. These log-normal models were developed on basis of the idea that eating bouts end when animals are satiated (i.e., in a state of low feeding motivation) (Tolkamp and Kyriazakis, 1999). This implies that feed consumption during the relevant eating bout will result in a gradual increase in satiety. This will be associated with an increase in the probability of cows ending a bout. In this study we will analyse whether meals are a more biologically relevant unit of STFB than the short feeding bouts (i.e. visits) that are routinely recorded.

FISH SILAGE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR EARLY WEANED CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
A. HAMID JAVED
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Fish silage, preserved with 3.5% formic acid, was fed to Holstein bull calves weaned onto dry feed at 3 wk of age. Dietary treatments were: (1) soybean meal-supplemented calf starter, (2) a low protein grain mix combined with fish silage in a 2:1 ratio (wt/wt), and (3) the same grain mix combined with fish silage in a 4:3 ratio (wt/wt). Initial acceptance of the fish silage diets equalled that of the soybean meal diet. Over the 10-wk period, feed consumption, weight gains, and feed:gain ratio tended to be slightly poorer as the proportion of fish silage in the diet increased. Only during the final 6 wk of the trial were weight gains significantly reduced by calves on the fish silage diets. It was concluded that fish silage can be used as a protein source for young calves.

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