RELATIONSHIPS OF SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE WITH BODY WEIGHT AND BACKFAT THICKNESS IN MULTIBREED SYNTHETIC POPULATIONS OF YOUNG BEEF BULLS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHARMA ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Beef Bulls

Relationships of scrotal circumference (SC) with body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (FT) as measured from scanograms were studied. A total of 935 observations on growing multibreed synthetic beef bulls on a postweaning performance test were available from a commercial herd for this study. Significant breed group, period and group × period interaction effects were noted on SC, BW and FT. BW and SC increased significantly during the test in all breed groups, while FT showed no change in three breed groups. Repeatability pooled across groups for SC was estimated as 0.72; 0.66 after adjusting for BW. Significant correlations were noticed between SC and BW within each breed group. Partial correlations between SC and BW at constant FT were not different from gross correlations. Linear regression coefficients of SC on BW were significant in all groups and showed heterogeneity among groups but not between periods within groups. Adjustments of SC for BW should, therefore, be breed group specific. BW alone accounted for considerable variation in SC, from 38 to 76%. Simple correlation coefficients between SC and FT were low and significant in only two groups. A significant but low positive relationship was noted between SC and FT at constant BW in a group fed a high-concentrate diet during the postweaning gain period, but there was no relationship in four other groups. Results indicated that the method of adjusting SC for FT as an indirect way of adjusting for scrotal fat was not satisfactory. Key words: Bulls, scrotal circumference, growth

SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE OF YOUNG BEEF BULLS: RELATIONSHIP TO PAIRED TESTES WEIGHT, EFFECT OF BREED, AND PREDICTABILITY

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
D. G. KELLER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Beef Bulls

The relationship between paired testes weight (PTW) and scrotal circumference (SC) was examined in 335, 1- and 2-yr-old Hereford and Angus bulls. Measurements were taken within 15 days of each other. The equation best describing these data is Y = − 722.28 + 36.53X (r = 0.95; SE = ± 57.6), where Y is PTW (including epididymides) in grams and X is SC in centimeters. Comparable equations having age in days or body weight in kilograms as the independent variable are Y = 70.46 + 0.76X (r = 0.80; SE = ± 108.2), and Y = 74.37 + 1.00X (r = 0.80; SE = ± 107.6), respectively. Differences in SC due to breed were examined in 3063, 1-yr-old beef bulls of nine breeds completing 140-day growth-performance tests. Data were adjusted for location-year and body weight for all breeds except Herefords, where age was also included. The average SC ± SE by breed were Simmental 37.7 ± 0.2 cm, Aberdeen Angus 35.6 ± 0.1 cm, Maine-Anjou 35.4 ± 0.2 cm, Charolais 34.7 ± 0.1 cm, horned Hereford 34.6 ± 0.1 cm, Shorthorn 34.2 ± 0.2 cm, polled Hereford 34.0 ± 0.2 cm, Blonde d'Aquitaine 32.4 ± 0.5 cm, and Limousin 32.1 ± 0.3 cm. Predictability of SC measurements at the end of growth performance tests from those taken at various times during the test varied from 0.44–0.68 at or near the beginning of the test period to 0.88–0.94 at 1 mo before the end. Although all correlations were highly significant (P < 0.01), only measurements taken within 1 mo of completing the growth-performance test were sufficiently predictable for culling 1-yr-old bulls. Correlation coefficients calculated between SC in 1-yr-old bulls and SC and PTW when they were 2 yr old were 0.76 and 0.65 (P < 0.01). These values suggest that SC in young beef bulls is a useful predictor of PTW. Also, this study showed that testis size of 1-yr-old bulls differed among breeds and that SC of 1-yr-old bulls can be used as an aid to select herd sires likely to have above-average testicular size, thereby increasing the probability of impregnating more females when under heavy breeding pressure. Key words; beef bulls, testis weight, predictability, breed

Influence of performance testing on reproductive performance of beef bulls

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
M. R. McMorris
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Calving Season

The fertility of beef bulls which completed performance test in the Ontario Bull Test Program was measured by classification of success as breeders according to surveys of consignors to test, by classification of satisfaction in surveys of users of tested bulls and by measurement of calf crop percentages and birth dates of progeny relative to herdmates in the Ontario Beef Herd Improvement Program. Consignors classified 3.0% of the 2556 bulls with completed information as unsuccessful breeders. Users rated 61.5% of the 411 bulls with information from the participant survey as very satisfactory and 4.5% as very unsatisfactory. The effects of end of test weight, gain index, backfat and scrotal circumference on calf crop percentage (cows calving relative to cows exposed), percent of calves born in the first 3 wk of the calving season, percent of calves born in the first 12 wk and satisfaction score were generally small and nonsignificant as tested within breed for 122 Angus, 451 Charolais, 632 Hereford, 575 Limousin and 501 Simmental bulls. In general, gain on test and end-of-test measurements were not found to have any association with subsequent fertility of bulls tested. There was no evidence that increased scrotal circumferences were associated with increased measures of productive performance nor that increased fatness, within the range included in the Ontario Bull Test Program, decreased reproductive performance. Key words: Fertility, genetic evaluation, scrotal circumference, backfat

ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS OF BEEF BULLS IN PERFORMANCE-TESTING PROGRAMS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
T. D. BURGESS ◽  
T. R. BATRA
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were measured ultrasonically on 229 beef bulls on performance test. Charolais bulls were leaner than Hereford and Angus at both start and end of test and grew more quickly. Rate of gain on test was not related to initial age, weight or fat thickness, with partial correlations of.00,.22, and −.01, respectively, for Charolais, and.08,.06, and −.05, respectively, for Hereford. Rate of gain on test was not highly related to final fat thickness and longissimus muscle area nor to changes in fatness and muscle area during test, correlations with rate of gain being.14,.21,.06, and.02, respectively, for Charolais, and.15,.23,.22, and.12 for Hereford. Predicted retail yield gains per day on test were very closely related to liveweight gains on test, with correlations of.99 for both Charolais and Hereford. Fat thickness measurements do not appear to have any value if used to predict retail yield per day, but might have a value in identifying beef bulls that exceed acceptable fat thickness by the end of test.

TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT OF SALERS BULLS TO ONE YEAR OF AGE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
D. R. C. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
One Year

Scrotal circumference measurements were taken on 255 Salers bulls located at five growth performance test stations at the 56-d (26.9 ± 0.2 cm), 84-d (28.8 ± 0.2 cm) and 140-d weighings (30.8 ± 0.2 cm) in 1986, and on 248 Salers bulls located at four test stations at the 140-d weighing (31.3 ± 0.1 cm) in 1987. The estimated scrotal circumference measurement for Salers bulls at 365 d of age was 29.4 cm. Test station, percentage of Salers breeding within test station, sire of bull within year and test station, and the covariate body weight all contributed to the variance in scrotal circumference measurements. Incorporation of sire of bull within year and test station into the statistical model accounted for a much higher proportion of the variance in scrotal circumference measurements (r2 = 65%) than when percentage of Salers breeding within test station was substituted (r2 = 32%). Key words: Testicular development, scrotal circumference, Salers bulls, recommendations

scholarly journals The Excellence of Performance, Semen Quality and Testosterone Levels on Bull in Teaching Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Pudji Srianto ◽  
Trilas Sardjito ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Oky Setyo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Study on performance, semen quality and testosterone levels of 2 young bulls (age range 3-5 years) Limousine and Simental and 2 old bulls (age range 6-8 years) types Limousin and Simental have been carried out in the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. This study aimed to determine the performance, semen quality and testosterone levels can be used as a guideline whether or not the ejaculate of young and old bulls should be continued into frozen semen. Performance tests were carried out using measuring sticks and weight bands, semen quality tests included macroscopic and microscopic tests, semen concentration using a spectrophotometer and testosterone test using the Sandwich-ELISA method. The mean results of the performance test in young bulls were, while the mean for older bulls were: body weight 700 kg; hump height 136.5 cm; circumferens of chest 213 cm; body length 171 cm and scrotal circumference 35.5 cm. The performance test for old bulls is body weight 840 kg; hump height 143 cm; circumferens of chest 225.5 cm; body length 177.5 cm and scrotal circumference 40.25 cm. Mean macroscopic of semen examination for young bulls, mean volume 8 cc; milky white color; characteristic odor; The degree of acidity was 6.5 and mucous consistency, while for the old bulls the volume was 6.85; milky white color; characteristic odor; 6.5 degrees of acidity and mucous consistency. The mean microscopic examination for young bulls was mass movement ++ / +++; individual movement 80/3; concentration 745.5 million / ml; abnormalities 3% and 92.25% viability, for old bulls: movement mass ++ / +++; individual movement 77.5 / 3; concentration 1291.5 millon / ml; abnormalities 5% and viability 90%. Examination of serum testosterone levels using the Sandwich-ELISA technique was obtained by an average of 1.299 ± 0.1598 ng/ml in young bulls and 1.101 ± 0.1502 ng/ml in older bulls. This study concluded that young bulls and old bulls in the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga in terms of performance, semen quality and testosterone levels are suitable for processing into high quality frozen semen.

scholarly journals Meatiness of tested gilts in three consecutive years

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Marija Gogic ◽  
Cedomir Radovic ◽  
Dragan Radojkovic ◽  
Radomir Savic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Large White ◽  
The Third ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Very High

In the present study, the aim was to determine the impact of the following factors: age, farm, and gilt genotype, as well as the regression impact of body weight at the end of the performance test on the following tested properties: age at the end of the test/final age (FA), lifetime daily gain (LDG), the backfat thickness measured in two places (according to the Main Breeding program for Central Serbia), the depth of the long back muscle (BM) and the estimated lean meat content/meatiness (M). The study included two farms of pigs (farm 1 and farm 2), for three consecutive years (year 1, year 2 and year 3). The number of tested heads per year was 974 (year 1), 1311 (year 2) and 757 (year 3). The tested gilts were of Swedish Landrace, Large White and Duroc breeds. The gilts originated from 97 sires, while the number of daughters per sires ranged from 10 to 100. The results show that the Duroc animals were the oldest (245 days), which had the highest values for both measures of backfat thickness, but the lowest values for meatiness. In the third study year, the lowest average values were determined for the properties of the LDG, BM and M. The female animals from the farm 1 showed less growth/gain and had lower values for the estimated meatiness. As a result of the study, it was established that all included factors had a very high statistically significant influence on the variation of the tested properties (P <0.001), only the genotype of gilts showed a high statistically significant effect on the BM property (P <0.01).

HERITABILITY OF SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE IN ONE- AND TWO-YEAR-OLD BULLS OF DIFFERENT BEEF BREEDS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
G. C. KOZUB ◽  
D. R. C. BAILEY ◽  
R. J. MAPLETOFT ◽  
W. F. CATES
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Testicular Size ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Beef Bulls

Over an 8-yr interval, (1975–1982) scrotal circumference (SC) was measured on 4557 1-yr-old beef bulls from 1796 sires and eight breeds. Measurements were taken upon completion of a 140-d growth performance test. During the period 1977–1983, SC was measured on 7835 2-yr-old beef bulls from 2570 sires and six breeds. Two-year-old bulls were measured during reproductive examinations at spring bull sales. All SC measurements were adjusted for fixed effects of location-year and age, and heritability estimates were calculated within-breed using a paternal half-sib analysis. Heritability estimates for the SC trait in Angus, Charolais, horned Hereford, polled Hereford, Shorthorn, Simmental, Limousin and Maine-Anjou breeds in 1-yr-old bulls were 0.22 ± 0.20, 0.46 ± 0.14, 0.89 ± 0.17, 0.83 ± 0.26, 1.01 ± 0.31, 0.63 ± 0.19, 0.94 ± 0.29 and 0.59 ± 0.22. Heritability estimates for SC in 2-yr-old bulls of the first six breeds were 0.00 ± 0.21, 0.60 ± 0.25, 0.57 ± 0.07, 0.65 ± 0.10, 0.69 ± 0.34 and 0.20 ± 0.24. Owing to the small number of sires or sons within sires for some breed-age groups and the exclusion of some sources of variation in the statistical model, the estimates of heritability may not be precise and should be used to indicate approximate levels of heritability for a particular breed. Key words: Heritability, testicular size, scrotal circumference, beef bulls

A comparison of production traits and welfare implications between horned and polled beef bulls

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Stookey ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

Data from two record of performance test stations (ROP) were used to compare selected traits of polled and horned bulls. The University of Saskatchewan (SASK) ROP test station provided data on 578 Charolais (CH) and 375 Hereford (HE) bulls from 1985 to 1992, while the Alberta (ALTA) Hereford ROP station provided data on 1485 HE bulls from 1985 to 1993. Polled and horned CH bulls from SASK showed similar (P > 0.05) on-test average daily gain (ADG), while polled HE bulls from SASK showed significantly higher (P < 0.03) ADG than their horned counterparts (1.41 ± 0.01 and 1.36 ± 0.02, respectively). Polled CH bulls were 11.4% fatter than horned bulls at the end of the test (P < 0.01). No significant differences in ADG, weight per day of age (WPDA) or scrotal circumference (SC) were observed between polled and homed HE bulls in ALTA. These results show no disadvantage for polled bulls compared to horned for ADG, WPDA, adjusted SC and adjusted yearling weight. From a welfare perspective, it may be advantageous to use polled bulls to circumvent the need for dehorning. Key words: Polled horned bulls ADG test station

scholarly journals Relationships Between Performance Test Results of Gilts of Different Breeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-584
Author(s):  
Jerzy Nowachowicz ◽  
Grażyna Michalska ◽  
Tomasz Bucek ◽  
Przemysław Wasilewski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Daily Body Weight

Relationships Between Performance Test Results of Gilts of Different BreedsThe relationships expressed as calculated correlation coefficients were determined between the results of 44 110 purebred gilts performance tested in the years 2004-2008. The animals came from the Bydgoszcz Breeding Region and represented 5 breeds (Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Hampshire, Duroc and Pietrain) and synthetic Line 990. The traits taken into account were: age and body weight on test day, daily body weight gain standardized to 180 days of age, backfat thickness at P2 and P4 points, loin eye height at P4 points, body meat content, and performance test selection index. Negative and highly significant correlations were found between growth rate and standardized backfat thickness at P2 and P4 points in all gilts of the tested breeds except Line 990. In the case of two breeds (Polish Large White and Pietrain) and Line 990, the correlation coefficients between daily body weight gain and standardized body meat content were negative and highly significant, which possibly suggests the unfavourable impact of high growth rate on the meat content. Higher correlation coefficient values were observed between the performance test selection index and the daily body weight gain than between the selection index and the body meat content of Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Hampshire and Pietrain gilts.

Estimates of Heritabilities and Common Environmental Effects of Littermates for Age at 105kg of Body Weight and Backfat Thickness of Duroc Pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Hiroshi TAKAHASHI ◽  
Lauren CHRISTIAN ◽  
Takashige SUGIMOTO ◽  
Akio NIBE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Backfat Thickness
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