SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE OF YOUNG BEEF BULLS: RELATIONSHIP TO PAIRED TESTES WEIGHT, EFFECT OF BREED, AND PREDICTABILITY

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
D. G. KELLER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Beef Bulls

The relationship between paired testes weight (PTW) and scrotal circumference (SC) was examined in 335, 1- and 2-yr-old Hereford and Angus bulls. Measurements were taken within 15 days of each other. The equation best describing these data is Y = − 722.28 + 36.53X (r = 0.95; SE = ± 57.6), where Y is PTW (including epididymides) in grams and X is SC in centimeters. Comparable equations having age in days or body weight in kilograms as the independent variable are Y = 70.46 + 0.76X (r = 0.80; SE = ± 108.2), and Y = 74.37 + 1.00X (r = 0.80; SE = ± 107.6), respectively. Differences in SC due to breed were examined in 3063, 1-yr-old beef bulls of nine breeds completing 140-day growth-performance tests. Data were adjusted for location-year and body weight for all breeds except Herefords, where age was also included. The average SC ± SE by breed were Simmental 37.7 ± 0.2 cm, Aberdeen Angus 35.6 ± 0.1 cm, Maine-Anjou 35.4 ± 0.2 cm, Charolais 34.7 ± 0.1 cm, horned Hereford 34.6 ± 0.1 cm, Shorthorn 34.2 ± 0.2 cm, polled Hereford 34.0 ± 0.2 cm, Blonde d'Aquitaine 32.4 ± 0.5 cm, and Limousin 32.1 ± 0.3 cm. Predictability of SC measurements at the end of growth performance tests from those taken at various times during the test varied from 0.44–0.68 at or near the beginning of the test period to 0.88–0.94 at 1 mo before the end. Although all correlations were highly significant (P < 0.01), only measurements taken within 1 mo of completing the growth-performance test were sufficiently predictable for culling 1-yr-old bulls. Correlation coefficients calculated between SC in 1-yr-old bulls and SC and PTW when they were 2 yr old were 0.76 and 0.65 (P < 0.01). These values suggest that SC in young beef bulls is a useful predictor of PTW. Also, this study showed that testis size of 1-yr-old bulls differed among breeds and that SC of 1-yr-old bulls can be used as an aid to select herd sires likely to have above-average testicular size, thereby increasing the probability of impregnating more females when under heavy breeding pressure. Key words; beef bulls, testis weight, predictability, breed

RELATIONSHIPS OF SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE WITH BODY WEIGHT AND BACKFAT THICKNESS IN MULTIBREED SYNTHETIC POPULATIONS OF YOUNG BEEF BULLS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHARMA ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Synthetic Populations ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Beef Bulls

Relationships of scrotal circumference (SC) with body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (FT) as measured from scanograms were studied. A total of 935 observations on growing multibreed synthetic beef bulls on a postweaning performance test were available from a commercial herd for this study. Significant breed group, period and group × period interaction effects were noted on SC, BW and FT. BW and SC increased significantly during the test in all breed groups, while FT showed no change in three breed groups. Repeatability pooled across groups for SC was estimated as 0.72; 0.66 after adjusting for BW. Significant correlations were noticed between SC and BW within each breed group. Partial correlations between SC and BW at constant FT were not different from gross correlations. Linear regression coefficients of SC on BW were significant in all groups and showed heterogeneity among groups but not between periods within groups. Adjustments of SC for BW should, therefore, be breed group specific. BW alone accounted for considerable variation in SC, from 38 to 76%. Simple correlation coefficients between SC and FT were low and significant in only two groups. A significant but low positive relationship was noted between SC and FT at constant BW in a group fed a high-concentrate diet during the postweaning gain period, but there was no relationship in four other groups. Results indicated that the method of adjusting SC for FT as an indirect way of adjusting for scrotal fat was not satisfactory. Key words: Bulls, scrotal circumference, growth

TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT OF SALERS BULLS TO ONE YEAR OF AGE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 961-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
D. R. C. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
One Year

Scrotal circumference measurements were taken on 255 Salers bulls located at five growth performance test stations at the 56-d (26.9 ± 0.2 cm), 84-d (28.8 ± 0.2 cm) and 140-d weighings (30.8 ± 0.2 cm) in 1986, and on 248 Salers bulls located at four test stations at the 140-d weighing (31.3 ± 0.1 cm) in 1987. The estimated scrotal circumference measurement for Salers bulls at 365 d of age was 29.4 cm. Test station, percentage of Salers breeding within test station, sire of bull within year and test station, and the covariate body weight all contributed to the variance in scrotal circumference measurements. Incorporation of sire of bull within year and test station into the statistical model accounted for a much higher proportion of the variance in scrotal circumference measurements (r2 = 65%) than when percentage of Salers breeding within test station was substituted (r2 = 32%). Key words: Testicular development, scrotal circumference, Salers bulls, recommendations

Growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-Western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
A. J. Atansuyi ◽  
U. C. Ihendu ◽  
C. A. Chineke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Study Results

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance, correlation and regression estimates of seven-chicken strains in South-western Nigeria using a total of 300 day-old chicks. The birds were divided into seven groups based on their strain. The seven strains are Normal feather (NF), Fulani ecotype (FE), Frizzle feather (FF), naked neck (NN) and Transylvania indigenous strains while Hubbard and Marshal were meat-type exotic chickens. There were forty- five (45) unsexed day-old chicks in each strain except the Frizzle feather that were 30 in number. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the trial that lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were fed experimental diets ad libitum throughout the period of the study. Results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the initial and final weights of the birds. It was observed that exotic strains weighed heavier (3569.73gHB) than their indigenous counterparts (1391.11gNF). However, the Fulani ecotype weighed heaviest (1840.99g) among Nigeria indigenous strains during the experimental period. This showed that FE strains are generally heavy breed chicken and could be incorporated into a meat producing indigenous chicken if improved upon. The result of the correlation coefficients showed that a very strong, positive and highly significant (P<0.001) relationship existed between body weights and linear body measurements as most of the values are (>0.40). All the body parameter examined had significant (p<0.01) and direct relationship with the body weight. Shoulder-to-tail length (STL) had the highest coefficient of 0.98.The high correlation estimates obtained in this study could be as a result of pleiotropy, heterozygosity or linkage of genes in the birds. The three functions were highly significant (p<0.05) for all the parameters studied. This shows that the functions well described the parameters. On the basis of coefficient of determination (R ), the body weight of poultry birds at any age can be predicted most accurately with BRG using cubic function.

Influence of performance testing on reproductive performance of beef bulls

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
M. R. McMorris
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Calving Season

The fertility of beef bulls which completed performance test in the Ontario Bull Test Program was measured by classification of success as breeders according to surveys of consignors to test, by classification of satisfaction in surveys of users of tested bulls and by measurement of calf crop percentages and birth dates of progeny relative to herdmates in the Ontario Beef Herd Improvement Program. Consignors classified 3.0% of the 2556 bulls with completed information as unsuccessful breeders. Users rated 61.5% of the 411 bulls with information from the participant survey as very satisfactory and 4.5% as very unsatisfactory. The effects of end of test weight, gain index, backfat and scrotal circumference on calf crop percentage (cows calving relative to cows exposed), percent of calves born in the first 3 wk of the calving season, percent of calves born in the first 12 wk and satisfaction score were generally small and nonsignificant as tested within breed for 122 Angus, 451 Charolais, 632 Hereford, 575 Limousin and 501 Simmental bulls. In general, gain on test and end-of-test measurements were not found to have any association with subsequent fertility of bulls tested. There was no evidence that increased scrotal circumferences were associated with increased measures of productive performance nor that increased fatness, within the range included in the Ontario Bull Test Program, decreased reproductive performance. Key words: Fertility, genetic evaluation, scrotal circumference, backfat

scholarly journals Ovulation rate of lines of mice selected for testis weight

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. M. Mafizul Islam ◽  
W. G. Hill ◽  
R. B. Land
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYSelection was practised in two replicates for both high and low testis weight in the mouse. Typically 7 males were selected out of 30 recorded for a total of 5 generations. From an initial average of 191 mg the mean divergence between high and low lines reached 112 mg, with a realized heritability of 0·52. The ovulation rate of the lines changed in the same direction as that of selection, the mean divergence was 2·0 eggs in primiparous females in generation 4 and 1·6 in nulliparous females in generation 5. Correlated changes in the body weight of both sexes also occurred but were inadequate to account for the observed change in ovulation rate. The genetic regressions of ovulation rate on testis weight were estimated to be 2·9 and 14 eggs/100 mg in primiparous and nulliparous females, respectively, which, along with data from other experiments, correspond to genetic correlations between testis weight and ovulation rate of 0·50 and 0·25 respectively. There were no correlated changes in litter size. The possibility of using male testis size in breeding programmes to improve female reproductive performance is discussed.

scholarly journals The Excellence of Performance, Semen Quality and Testosterone Levels on Bull in Teaching Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Pudji Srianto ◽  
Trilas Sardjito ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Oky Setyo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Study on performance, semen quality and testosterone levels of 2 young bulls (age range 3-5 years) Limousine and Simental and 2 old bulls (age range 6-8 years) types Limousin and Simental have been carried out in the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. This study aimed to determine the performance, semen quality and testosterone levels can be used as a guideline whether or not the ejaculate of young and old bulls should be continued into frozen semen. Performance tests were carried out using measuring sticks and weight bands, semen quality tests included macroscopic and microscopic tests, semen concentration using a spectrophotometer and testosterone test using the Sandwich-ELISA method. The mean results of the performance test in young bulls were, while the mean for older bulls were: body weight 700 kg; hump height 136.5 cm; circumferens of chest 213 cm; body length 171 cm and scrotal circumference 35.5 cm. The performance test for old bulls is body weight 840 kg; hump height 143 cm; circumferens of chest 225.5 cm; body length 177.5 cm and scrotal circumference 40.25 cm. Mean macroscopic of semen examination for young bulls, mean volume 8 cc; milky white color; characteristic odor; The degree of acidity was 6.5 and mucous consistency, while for the old bulls the volume was 6.85; milky white color; characteristic odor; 6.5 degrees of acidity and mucous consistency. The mean microscopic examination for young bulls was mass movement ++ / +++; individual movement 80/3; concentration 745.5 million / ml; abnormalities 3% and 92.25% viability, for old bulls: movement mass ++ / +++; individual movement 77.5 / 3; concentration 1291.5 millon / ml; abnormalities 5% and viability 90%. Examination of serum testosterone levels using the Sandwich-ELISA technique was obtained by an average of 1.299 ± 0.1598 ng/ml in young bulls and 1.101 ± 0.1502 ng/ml in older bulls. This study concluded that young bulls and old bulls in the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga in terms of performance, semen quality and testosterone levels are suitable for processing into high quality frozen semen.

scholarly journals Growth rate, phenotypic correlation and repeatability estimates of body weight and linear body traits of Cobb and Arbor Acre broiler strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
O. M. Obike ◽  
R. J. Nosike ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. C. Obi ◽  
E. N. Obasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Potential Response ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
High Repeatability ◽  
Linear Body

Correlation coefficients are useful tool in animal breeding as a means of predicting potential response. In this study, body weight (BW) and linear body traits records of Arbor Acre and Cobb broiler strains obtained at 3 – 8 weeks were used to compare the growth performance of the strains as well as estimate the phenotypic correlations (rp ) among BW and the linear body traits. Repeatability (R) values of BW and the linear body traits were estimated at weeks 3, 5 and 7. Atotal of 200 day old chicks, 100 each of Arbor Acre and Cobb were used for the study. The linear body traits considered were body length (BL), shank length (SL), chest circumference (CC), keel length (KL), wing length (WL) and drum stick length (DSL). Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the strains for BW and the linear body traits at the various weeks. BW differed significantly at weeks 5, 6 and 7, which ranged from 1036.67 ± 36.93 – 1736.67 ± 46.41 for Arbor Acre and 930.00 ± 20.59 – 1563.33 ± 33.26 for Cobb. Arbor Acre showed significant (P<0.05) superiority to Cobb in their linear body traits in most of the weeks. BW had high significant (P<0.05; P<0.01) positive rp with the linear body traits, which ranged from 0.535 (KL) – 0.842 (BL) for Arbor Acre and 0.523 (SL) – 0.834 (BL) for Cobb. The rp among the linear body traits in both Arbor Acre and Cobb were positive but ranged from moderate to high. The R estimate of BW of Arbor Acre and Cobb were all very highly repeatable at weeks 3, 5 and 7 ranging from 0.90 – 0.99. R values for the linear body traits ranged majorly from moderate {(0.31 – 0.67 and 0.37 – 0.69)}to high {(0.78 – 0.97) and 0.97) and (0.71 – 0.92)} for Arbor Acre and Cobb, respectively across the weeks evaluated. The result of this study indicates that Arbor Acre could be a strain of choice for rearing in our study area owing to its superiority over Cobb in terms of growth performance. All the linear body traits measure were good estimators of BW in both strains as well as each other, implying that any phenotypic selection on one trait will lead to improvement of others. The high repeatability estimates of body weight and some of the linear traits indicate that fewer records would be required to adequately characterize the inherent growing ability of the birds at the various stages of growth.

HERITABILITY OF SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE IN ONE- AND TWO-YEAR-OLD BULLS OF DIFFERENT BEEF BREEDS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. COULTER ◽  
G. C. KOZUB ◽  
D. R. C. BAILEY ◽  
R. J. MAPLETOFT ◽  
W. F. CATES
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Testicular Size ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Beef Bulls

Over an 8-yr interval, (1975–1982) scrotal circumference (SC) was measured on 4557 1-yr-old beef bulls from 1796 sires and eight breeds. Measurements were taken upon completion of a 140-d growth performance test. During the period 1977–1983, SC was measured on 7835 2-yr-old beef bulls from 2570 sires and six breeds. Two-year-old bulls were measured during reproductive examinations at spring bull sales. All SC measurements were adjusted for fixed effects of location-year and age, and heritability estimates were calculated within-breed using a paternal half-sib analysis. Heritability estimates for the SC trait in Angus, Charolais, horned Hereford, polled Hereford, Shorthorn, Simmental, Limousin and Maine-Anjou breeds in 1-yr-old bulls were 0.22 ± 0.20, 0.46 ± 0.14, 0.89 ± 0.17, 0.83 ± 0.26, 1.01 ± 0.31, 0.63 ± 0.19, 0.94 ± 0.29 and 0.59 ± 0.22. Heritability estimates for SC in 2-yr-old bulls of the first six breeds were 0.00 ± 0.21, 0.60 ± 0.25, 0.57 ± 0.07, 0.65 ± 0.10, 0.69 ± 0.34 and 0.20 ± 0.24. Owing to the small number of sires or sons within sires for some breed-age groups and the exclusion of some sources of variation in the statistical model, the estimates of heritability may not be precise and should be used to indicate approximate levels of heritability for a particular breed. Key words: Heritability, testicular size, scrotal circumference, beef bulls

A comparison of production traits and welfare implications between horned and polled beef bulls

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Stookey ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

Data from two record of performance test stations (ROP) were used to compare selected traits of polled and horned bulls. The University of Saskatchewan (SASK) ROP test station provided data on 578 Charolais (CH) and 375 Hereford (HE) bulls from 1985 to 1992, while the Alberta (ALTA) Hereford ROP station provided data on 1485 HE bulls from 1985 to 1993. Polled and horned CH bulls from SASK showed similar (P > 0.05) on-test average daily gain (ADG), while polled HE bulls from SASK showed significantly higher (P < 0.03) ADG than their horned counterparts (1.41 ± 0.01 and 1.36 ± 0.02, respectively). Polled CH bulls were 11.4% fatter than horned bulls at the end of the test (P < 0.01). No significant differences in ADG, weight per day of age (WPDA) or scrotal circumference (SC) were observed between polled and homed HE bulls in ALTA. These results show no disadvantage for polled bulls compared to horned for ADG, WPDA, adjusted SC and adjusted yearling weight. From a welfare perspective, it may be advantageous to use polled bulls to circumvent the need for dehorning. Key words: Polled horned bulls ADG test station

scholarly journals Effect of strain, sex and slaughter weight on growth performance, carcass yield and quality of broiler meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 607-616
Author(s):  
Olusegun O. Ikusika ◽  
Andrew B. Falowo ◽  
Conference T. Mpendulo ◽  
Titus J. Zindove ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Weight Effect

AbstractThis study examined strain, sex and slaughter weight effect on performance, meat quality and yield of broiler chicken. One hundred and fifty-day-old chicks (broilers) were distributed randomly in a 3 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment, with 50 birds per strain (Ross, Aboaca and Anak) and 25 birds per sex. After trial, 32 birds per strain and 16 per sex were slaughtered at 4 different body weights (1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 g) to determine carcass yield and meat quality. The results revealed significant strain and sex effect (P < 0.05) on growth performance of the broiler chicken. Ross strain had the highest feed intake (4883.25 g) and final body weight (2440.25 g) compared to Aboaca and Anak strains. Female broiler having heavier body weight (2431.66 g) and feed intake (4864.83 g) than the males for all strains. Aboaca birds had the highest carcass yields for all slaughter weight than Anak and Ross. The slaughter weight, irrespective sex and strains significantly influenced the carcass yield (P < 0.001) with birds slaughtered at 2,500 g having (P < 0.001) highest values compared to other slaughtered weights. As slaughter weight increases, cooking loss and thermal shortening decreases while water holding capacity and shear force values increases. Overall, Aboaca strain was considered to have best performances for production.

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