DUODENAL FLOW AND SOLUBLE PROPORTIONS OF ZINC, MANGANESE, COPPER AND IRON IN THE RUMEN FLUID AND DUODENAL DIGESTA OF FAUNATED AND DEFAUNATED SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
D. M. VEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Metal Metabolism ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa ◽  
Manganese Copper

Measurements of soluble proportions in the rumen fluid and duodenal digesta and flow into the small intestine of zinc, manganese, copper and iron were carried out in defaunated and faunated sheep. There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of the defaunation on any measurements. It was concluded that ciliate protozoa do not have a critical role in trace metal metabolism in the rumen of sheep. Key words: Defaunation, sheep, trace elements, solubility

IN-VITRO FERMENTATION OF ALDITOLS BY RUMEN CONTENTS AND ABSORPTION OF ALDITOLS IN THE OVINE SMALL INTESTINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
C. J. LISTER ◽  
R. R. SMITHARD
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

In-vitro incubations with rumen fluid from four wethers showed that glucose, glucitol and mannitol were fermented more rapidly than arabinitol and xylitol and that arabinitol was fermented more rapidly than xylitol (P < 0.05) when the alditols or sugar were added singly. When arabinitol and xylitol or mannitol and xylitol were added as mixtures there was no effect on rates of individual alditol fermentation. Measurement of alditols reaching the duodenum and subsequently the terminal ileum of three sheep given an alditol mixture via the rumen showed that less than half the pentitols entering the small intestine were absorbed there. When higher levels of alditols entered the small intestine by infusion into the duodenum, absorption of pentitols was less efficient than that of the hexitols, mannitol and glucitol. Key words: Alditols, fermentation, rumen fluid, absorption

FLOW AND SOLUBLE PROPORTIONS OF ZINC, MANGANESE, COPPER AND IRON IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP FED CORN OR ALFALFA SILAGES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IHNAT
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

A set of four sheep, each fitted with a rumen cannula and a re-entrant cannula in the ascending duodenum and terminal ileum, were used for collection of rumen, duodenal and ileal digesta. A second set of four normal sheep was used for collection of feces and urine. The sheep were fed corn silage, urea-added corn silage, formic acid-treated alfalfa silage or wilted alfalfa silage in latin square design. Soluble proportions of manganese in rumen fluid, ileal digesta and feces were much lower on alfalfa silages than on corn silages although the soluble proportions in the duodenal digesta were not different. The soluble proportions of zinc, copper and iron were not as consistent as those of manganese. The apparent absorption of zinc was negative on alfalfa silages, and was associated with the lower soluble proportion of zinc in duodenal digesta and higher in the ileal digesta, as compared to corn silages. The apparent absorption of iron was much higher on corn silages than on alfalfa silages. Addition of urea to corn at ensiling resulted in an improvement of apparent absorption of copper. Key words: Trace elements, solubility, absorption, corn silage, alfalfa silage, sheep

Use of dietary tea seeds to manipulate the rumen ciliate protozoa population in sheep

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-735
Author(s):  
M. Ivan and T. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa ◽  
Numerical Concentration

Eighteen rumen cannulated sheep in three groups of six were supplemented with tea seeds at 0 (control), 3 or 6% of the dietary dry matter in a 22-d experiment. Rumen fluid samples were collected on 3 d before and on various days during the experiment. The concentration of protozoa in rumen fluid was not affected by the tea seed supplements (P > 0.05), but the numerical concentration of the Entodinium genera declined by 12% (P < 0.05) and that of cellulolytic protozoa increased by 90% (P < 0.05) due to the 6% tea seed supplement. The associated percentage in the rumen ciliate protozoa population of the cellulolytic protozoa increased (P < 0.05) and that of the Entodinium genera decreased (P < 0.05) due to the 6% supplement. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of the 3% tea seed supplement on the protozoa population parameters. Since ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected (P > 0.05) it was apparent that the tea seed supplements did not influence rumen fermentation. The positive effect of the 6% tea seed supplement on the ciliate protozoa population obtained in the present study was relatively modest. Because the seeds contain astringent properties, higher than 6% dietary supplements of tea seeds can be harmful to animals. It was therefore concluded that tea seeds are of no apparent value as an antiprotozoal dietary component in ruminant production. Key words: Tea seeds, ciliate protozoa, rumen fluid, sheep

scholarly journals Effect of Cadmium, Copper and Lead on the Growth of Rice in the Coal Mining Region of Quang Ninh, Cam-Pha (Vietnam)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marquez ◽  
Olivier Pourret ◽  
Michel-Pierre Faucon ◽  
Sebastian Weber ◽  
Thi Hoàng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Rice Paddy Soils

The goal of this study was to quantify the mobility and partitioning of trace elements originating from mine waste rocks derived from open pit coal extraction activities. The results showed that native rice plants were adapted to growing in metal contaminated soils, posing a severe health risk to local population. Sequential extraction procedures and bulk soil chemical analyses both suggest enrichment of Cd, Pb and Cu in rice paddy soils. Lead was shown to be evenly partitioned among all mineral and organic phases. Copper was associated with carbonates and organic matter. Smaller fractions of Pb and Cu were also bound to Fe and Mn oxides. Only 25% of Cd, 9% of Pb and 48% of Cu were associated with the exchangeable fraction, considered mobile and thus bioavailable for plant uptake. Effects of Cd, Cu and Pb on local Cam Pha Nep cai Hoa vang, and control Asia Italian rice, showed marked differences in growth. The local Vietnamese variety grew close to control values, even upon exposure to higher trace metal concentrations. Whereas the development of the control rice species was significantly affected by increasing trace metal concentrations. This result suggests toxic trace elements accumulation in the edible parts of crops.

Modes of transmission of rumen protozoa between mature sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon H. Bird ◽  
R. S. Hegarty ◽  
R. Woodgate
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Animal Contact ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate routes by which viable rumen ciliate-protozoa may be transferred between mature sheep. Feed, water and faecal material were tested as possible vectors for protozoal transfer in addition to direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 1, protozoa-free sheep were either offered or orally dosed with protozoa-contaminated material or allowed contact with faunated animals. The treated sheep were then monitored over a 4-week period for the appearance of protozoa in the rumen. Protozoa were successfully transferred to protozoa-free animals via contaminated water but no transfer occurred via feed or faeces or by direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 2, the drinking water of penned faunated sheep was found to become contaminated with protozoa within 4–6 h of being placed in the pen. In Experiment 3, nine protozoa-free sheep were grazed in a paddock with a flock of 75 faunated ewes for periods of 1–3 weeks, and protozoa became established in one protozoa-free sheep. The results of these studies suggest that the most likely mode of transfer of protozoal cells from one sheep to another is via water, rather than by rumen fluid contaminating feed, or from faeces of faunated sheep. Further tests are required to demonstrate protozoal transmission via water occur under a range of conditions and inoculum levels.

Effect of Dithiocarbamates and Dithiocarbamate-Induced Cadmium Mobilization on Essential Trace Metal Metabolism in the Female Rat

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-437
Author(s):  
MARK M. JONES ◽  
MARK A. BASINGER ◽  
MYRON A. HOLSCHER ◽  
PRAMOD K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Metal Metabolism

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

scholarly journals Trace metal distribution in pristine permafrost-affected soils of the Lena River Delta and its Hinterland, Northern Siberia, Russia

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2205-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Antcibor ◽  
S. Zubrzycki ◽  
A. Eschenbach ◽  
L. Kutzbach ◽  
D. Bol'shiyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Metal Distribution ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Trace Metal Distribution ◽  
Lena River Delta

Abstract. Soils are an important compartment of ecosystems and have the ability to immobilize chemicals preventing their movement to other environment compartments. Predicted climatic changes together with other anthropogenic influences on Arctic terrestrial environments may affect biogeochemical processes enhancing leaching and migration of trace elements in permafrost-affected soils. This is especially important since the Arctic ecosystems are considered to be very sensitive to climatic changes as well as to chemical contamination. This study characterizes background levels of trace metals in permafrost-affected soils of the Lena River Delta and its hinterland in northern Siberia (73.5° N–69.5° N) representing a remote region far from evident anthropogenic trace metal sources. Investigations on total element contents of iron (Fe), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and mercury (Hg) in different soil types developed in different geological parent materials have been carried out. The highest concentrations of the majority of the measured elements were observed in soils belonging to ice-rich permafrost sediments formed during the Pleistocene (ice-complex) in the Lena River Delta region. Correlation analyses of trace metal concentrations and soil chemical and physical properties at a Holocene estuarine terrace and two modern floodplain levels in the southern-central Lena River Delta (Samoylov Island) showed that the main factors controlling the trace metal distribution in these soils are organic matter content, soil texture and contents of iron and manganese-oxides. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that soil oxides play a significant role in trace metal distribution in both top and bottom horizons. Occurrence of organic matter contributes to Cd binding in top soils and Cu binding in bottom horizons. Observed ranges of the background concentrations of the majority of trace elements were similar to background levels reported for other pristine arctic areas and did not exceed mean global background concentrations examined for the continental crust as well as for the world's soils.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Indeks Sinkronisasi dalam Rumen pada Ransum Berbasis Bagase terhadap Produksi VFA Rumen pada Domba

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novi Eka Wati
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Fluid Sample ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Synchronization Index

The aim of the research was to study the effects of synchronization index in the sugarcane bagasse based ration on acetate, propionate and butirate production of sheep. Two permanent cannulated male local sheep was 2 years old for sampling rumens fluids. They were feed a complete feed based on bagasse with a level of synchrony index 0,37; 0,50; 0,63 were design isoprotein and isoenergy. Each experimental diet was offered to each sheep three times randomly for 7 days, with 7 days interval between feeding period of each experimental diet. About 10 ml of rumen fluid sample were collected before feeding and 3 hour after feeding at the 7th day of each feeding trial period. The alteration of synchronization indexs did not affect acetate, propionate, butirate and ratio acetate/propionate (C2/C3) in rumen before feeding and 3 hour after feeding. Key words : acetate, butirat, propionate, synchrony index

MINERAL ELEMENTS IN CEREAL GRAINS AND LEGUMES GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
U. C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Samples of barley, wheat, clover and alfalfa grown in Prince Edward Island were analyzed for Ca, P, K, Mg, Mo, S, Mn, Zn and Fe. Compared with the requirements for livestock, the cereal grains and forages tended to be low or deficient in several minerals. The need for a suitable trace-mineralized salt in cattle and sheep diets is indicated. Key words: Minerals, trace elements, grains, legumes

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