THE EFFECT OF TOE CLIPPING AND REDUCED FEEDING TIME ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weights

An experiment involving 2000 broiler chickens grown to 49 days was designed to measure the performance of birds subjected to detoeing and restricting feeding time to 16 h per day commencing at 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. No beneficial effects resulted from detoeing. Body weights were reduced for males at 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days; however, these differences were significant (P < 0.05) only at 21, 28 and 35 days. Female body weights were reduced (P < 0.01) only at 21 days. Detoeing had no significant effect (P = 0.05) on carcass grades, mortality, or monetary returns. Although feed conversion up to 21 days tended to be enhanced, this advantage did not persist to 49 days. Reducing feeding time to 16 h/day had no significant (P = 0.05) effect on mortality, body weights, feed conversion, percent Grade A carcasses or monetary returns. Key words: Broiler chickens, toe clipping, feed restriction, feed denial

FEED TEXTURE EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ROASTER CHICKENS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Two experiments were conducted, each experiment involved 1600 day-old Arbor Acre male broiler chickens which were assigned to 20 pens divided into four blocks of five pens each with five feed texture treatments assigned to the pens within each block. The five treatments were (1) All mash — corn and wheat finely ground, (2) All mash — corn and wheat coarsely ground, (3) All mash — corn and wheat very coarsely rolled, (4) same as no. 1 but crumbled or pelleted and (5) same as no. 2 but crumbled or pelleted. Although feed texture had no overall significant (P > 0.05) effect on mortality, mortality was higher among birds fed the crumble-pellet diets compared with those fed the all-mash diets, this higher mortality was due to a higher incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome. Finely and very coarsely ground diets fed as mash resulted in significantly poorer feed conversion at both 21 d (P < 0.001) and 49 d of age (P < 0.01); however, there was no significant (P < 0.05) effect of feed texture on feed conversion at 63 d of age. Body weights were significantly (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001) affected by feed texture at 21, 49 and 63 d of age with the feeding of finely ground mash resulting in the lowest body weights with the heaviest final body weights exhibited by birds fed diets which were either fine or coarse ground mashes which had gone through the crumble and/or pellet process. Feed texture dietary treatments had no effect on the incidence of leg abnormalities. Monetary returns per bird started were significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by the feeding of finely ground mash to chickens while other feed texture treatments were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. Key words: Chicken (roaster), feed texture, ingredient particle size

scholarly journals Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5880-5888 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Maesschalck ◽  
V. Eeckhaut ◽  
L. Maertens ◽  
L. De Lange ◽  
L. Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coa Transferase

ABSTRACTIn broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon andClostridiumcluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level,Lactobacillus crispatusandAnaerostipes butyraticuswere significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively.In vitrofermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding betweenL. crispatusandA. butyraticus. Lactate, produced byL. crispatusduring XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producingAnaerostipesspecies. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function.

scholarly journals Combination of Bacillus licheniformis and Salinomycin: Effect on the Growth Performance and GIT Microbial Populations of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Trela ◽  
Bartosz Kierończyk ◽  
Veerle Hautekiet ◽  
Damian Józefiak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus licheniformis and salinomycin supplementation in broiler diets as individual factors or in combination on the growth performance, GIT morphometry, and microbiota populations. Four hundred one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments (10 replicates, 10 birds each). The following treatments were applied: NC—no additives; NC + SAL—salinomycin addition (60 mg/kg diet), NC + PRO—B. licheniformis DSM 28710 preparation (1.6 × 109 CFU/kg; 500 mg/kg diet), and NC + SAL + PRO—combination of salinomycin and B. licheniformis. Probiotic administration resulted in improvement (p < 0.05) of the performance parameters, including body weight gain (1–10 d, and 11–22 d) and feed conversion ratio (11–22 d, 1–36 d). An interaction (p < 0.05) between experimental factors was observed in terms of lower pH values in the crop (tendency, p = 0.053) and ceca. Both factors lowered the alpha diversity and Enterobacteriaceae and promoted Bacillaceae communities in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Interactions were also observed in terms of reducing Clostridiaceae in the ceca. In conclusion, the combined use of B. licheniformis and salinomycin in broilers’ diets had beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Performance and hormonal profile in broiler chickens fed with different energy levels during post restriction period

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana Fernanda Giachetto ◽  
Erika Nomura Guerreiro ◽  
Jesus Aparecido Ferro ◽  
Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro ◽  
Renato Luis Furlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Metabolic Hormone

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of diet energy level on performance and hormonal profiles of broilers during post restriction period. It was a split-plot experiment, and the main treatments were in a 2x2 factorial scheme. Birds were fed restricted to 30% of the ad libitum intake, from 7 to 14 days of age. After the restriction period, birds were fed ad libitum with diets containing low (2,900 kcal ME/kg) or high (3,200 kcal ME/kg) energy until 49 days of age. Broilers fed with high energy ration showed lower feed intake and better feed conversion and decreased carcass protein; however, abdominal fat pad, and total carcass fat were not affected by ration energy levels or feeding program. Neither diet energy level nor feed restriction program changed body weight at 49 days. The profile of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was reduced during the feed restriction period, but increased at refeeding period. Feeding program and ration energy level did not affect T3, T4 and growth hormone serum concentrations. Feed restriction at 30% of ad libitum intake is not enough to promote changes on carcass quality, related to fat deposition, and on metabolic hormone levels, except IGF-1 seric level that has rapid increase after feed restriction.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AT THE STARTER PHASE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M Tion ◽  
M. T. Orga ◽  
I. A. Adeka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two hundred and twenty five day old straight run broiler chicks were utilized in completely randomized design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of four groups of chicks to 92.5% 85.0%, 77.5% and 70.0% of the unrestricted (control) group in the starter phase and following adlibitum feeding for all groups in the finisher phase. The treatments were simply designated as A, B, C, D and E. The starter phase in which the restriction was carried out lasted 28 days and the finisher phase 42 days. Parameters evaluated during the starter and finisher phases included; growth rate, feed conversion ration and mortality rate. Results show gain in weight among all groups while the group fed diet B and the control had comparable weight gain at the starter phase. The percentage weight difference between the control and each of the other dietary groups was: 4.4%, 8.4%, 8.6% and 10.4% for the treatments B, C, D and E respectively. Feed gain ration improved as the level of restriction became stricter. Following ad-libitum feeding of all grops at the finisher phase, the feed restricted groups at the starter phase voraciously increased their feed intake, thus, producing comparable performance values with the unrestricted (control) group in weight gain in the 8th week of the study. Although birds in all groups averaged more than 2000g final live weight in 10weeks, significant differences exist between groups that were fed diets C, D, and E that were restricted at the starter phase, an indication that complete compensatory growth was not obtainable. Feed gain ration improved for restricted groups. Mortality rate did not show any trend attributable to levels of feed restriction. This study shows that broiler chicks fed restricted levels of balanced diet at the starter phase but later fed ad-libitum at the finisher phase could attain a finished weight of about 2000g or more at a market age of 10 weeks (70 days) with an improvement in feed gain ration.

scholarly journals L-carnitine supplementation decreases lipid peroxidation and improves cardiopulmonary function in broiler chickens reared at high altitude

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz Khajali ◽  
Zahra Khajali
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance and cardiopulmonary function of broiler chickens reared at high altitude (2100 m above sea level). A total of 96 day-old male chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments containing 0 (control group) and 200 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental diets were fed for a period of 42 days consisting of the starting (days 1 to 21) and growing periods (days 21 to 42). Nutrient requirements of chickens met the NRC (1994) recommendations. The results showed that dietary L-carnitine had no significant influence on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. L-carnitine reduced plasma concentration of malondialdehyde, packed cell volume (PCV) and abdominal fat deposition compared to the control (P < 0.05). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease was observed in the right to total ventricular weight ratio (RV:TV) in birds receiving L-carnitine when compared to the control. Supplementation of L-carnitine increased plasma nitric oxide and immune responsiveness, which manifested in an increased toe-web thickness index measured at 24 h following the injection of phytohaemagglutinin P. In conclusion, supplementation of L-carnitine had beneficial effects on preventing lipid peroxidation and pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens raised at high altitude.

Effects of ingredient particle size and feed form on the performance of Leghorn hens

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. G. Hamilton ◽  
F. G. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Genotype A

In each of two experiments, 1536 Leghorn pullets from two commercial genotypes (A and B) were given diets that were in the form of either mash, crumbles or pellets. The cereal grains used in these diets were either finely or coarsely ground using a hammer or roller mill. The particle size and form of the diets used were: FM, FMC, FMP, CM, CMC, and CMP. These diets were fed and data were collected when the birds were between 140 and 490 d of age.Pullets in exp. 2 were heavier at 140 d (P < 0.001) and lighter in weight at 490 d (P < 0.001), reached 50% EP 4.8 d earlier (P < 0.001), had 1.3% higher rate of EP (P < 0.05), and laid more large and small (P < 0.001) and fewer medium-sized (P < 0.01) eggs than those in exp. 1. Hens from genotype A had lower 140 and 490 d body weights (P < 0.001), 187 and 490 d egg weights and specific gravity (P < 0.001), better feed conversion (P < 0.001) and higher (P < 0.001) monetary returns than birds from genotype B. Birds receiving the FM and CM diets had higher EP (P < 0.05), feed intake (P < 0.001), monetary returns (P < 0.001), and numbers of medium-sized and small eggs (P < 0.05) than those fed the FMP and CMP diets. Specific gravity was higher (P < 0.001) for eggs laid at 187–188 d by the FMP and CMP-fed hens than for those given the FM or CM diets. In general, performance was better for the hens given the mash diets than for those fed the crumbled or pelleted diets. Key words: Particle size, feed form, hens

The effect of severity and duration of early feed restriction on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of male broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
H. Jahanian Najafabadi ◽  
A. Golian ◽  
F. Eftekhari Shahroudi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Feed Conversion

One method of reducing feed cost is to restrict the feed in the early life of broilers. In this regard, Fontana et al. (1992) reported that early feed restriction programs in their experiments proportionally reduced the consumption of the starter diets by an average of 22% in restricted broilers when compared with controls. Energy restriction has also been shown to result in a reduction in metabolic energy loss leading to a reduced requirement for maintenance. If during refeeding, this low requirement is maintained and if growth resumed at a normal or above normal rate (compensatory growth), feed efficiency would be substantially improved, leading to an economical advantage. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of severity of diet dilution (energy and protein) and duration of early feed restriction on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of male broiler chickens.

THE RESPONSE OF TURKEY BROILERS TO THE USE OF FLAVOMYCIN AS A GROWTH PROMOTER

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
E. D. JACKSON ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Body Weights

Three thousand six hundred turkey poults were used to determine the effects of flavomycin as a growth promoter when incorporated in feed at levels of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mg kg−1. There were no significant (P > 0.05) treatment effects on mortality, carcass composition and monetary indices (economic gain) at 28, 56 and 84 d of age or upon body weights at 56 and 84 d of age. A significant (P < 0.001) effect for body weight was demonstrated at 28 d but was attributed to the lighter weight of poults fed the 6 mg flavomycin kg−1 diet. Similarly, feed conversion up to 28 d was significantly (P <0.001) improved for some treatment levels but this did not persist to 56 or 84 d of age. It is concluded that flavomycin is not effective as a growth promoter under all circumstances of turkey production, particularly those where optimum diets are coupled with modern housing and health management. Key words: Flavomycin, bambermycins, growth promoter, turkey broilers

EFFECTS OF AGE AT PHOTOPERIOD CHANGE AND DIETARY PROTEIN ON PERFORMANCES OF FOUR DWARF MATERNAL MEAT PARENT GENOTYPES AND THEIR BROILER CHICKEN PROGENY

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A factorial experiment was conducted with 3030 chickens of four maternal dwarf genotypes mated with normal males to estimate the effects of age at a photoperiod change from 8 to 12 h (daily) at 140 or 154 days, and two levels of dietary protein (15 or 17%) on general performance, incidence of Fatty Liver Syndrome and monetary returns. Three of the four maternal genotypes performed similarly for most traits measured but one genotype exhibited better feed efficency of egg production, produced more eggs and, although the eggs were smaller resulted in the highest monetary returns. Delaying the increase in photoperiod change retarded sexual maturity and reduced egg weight at 203 days and egg specific gravity at 406 days. The 17% protein diet improved egg production (including hatching eggs), feed efficiency of egg production, egg weights; and female body weights at 154 and 446 days of age were also heavier. Dietary protein levels had no effect on mortality (P > 0.05). Mean monetary returns from the sale of table eggs, hatching eggs and salvage meat in excess of the costs of day-old breeder stock and feed, averaged $1.07 more per bird fed the 17% diet. The progeny test revealed significant differences among genotypes for male mortality, male and female body weights, and feed conversion; however, monetary returns over feed and chick cost were similar. The time of change in photoperiod and dietary treatments had no significant effect on the overall performance of broiler progeny but there was a genotype × parental diet interaction for 43 day female body weights. Key words: Dwarfs, meat breeders, hens, broilers, photoperiods, diets

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