REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND MEAT PRODUCTION OF GILTS BRED AT PUBERTY AND RESTRICTED IN FEED INTAKE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
E. LARMOND ◽  
M. S. WOLYNETZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Percentage Yield

Sixty-one gilts, bred at puberty, were fed 1.2 kg of diet daily until day 84 of pregnancy, 1.4 kg to day 99 then 1.6 kg to farrowing. Thirty of their litters were weaned at 21 days (21 W), the others within 12 h of birth (0 W); 28 of the gilts were marketed 12 ± 3 days postweaning, the others were re-bred. Twenty-two unbred gilts were treated similarly to the bred gilts and 13 additional gilts selected at 91 kg body weight were used as conventional, market weight pigs. Age at puberty averaged 164 days; bred gilts were heavier than unbred at 85 and 100 days gestation. Number of piglets born averaged 9.1 total and 8.5 alive. Carcasses of the weaned gilts were lighter in weight than those of the unbred controls and had less backfat thickness than the lighter market weight pigs; total percentage yield of trimmed, deboned meat was not affected significantly. There were no significant differences in flavor, juiciness and tenderness of loin (m. longissimus) and ham (m. semimembranosus) meat between the market weight carcasses and those of the other four groups. Weaning to breeding interval for the 21 W and 0 W gilts bred for a second time averaged 23 and 38 days and embryo mortality was 15 and 21%, respectively, at 30 ± 3 days gestation. Key words: Puberty, gilts, feed restriction, once-bred, meat quality

scholarly journals Toxicity of T-2 toxin and its interaction with deoxynivalenol when fed to young pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Friend ◽  
H. L. Trenholm ◽  
K. E. Hartin ◽  
P. L. Panich ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixty 12-wk-old pigs were fed a corn–barley–soybean type diet in a 2 × 5 factorial experiment. Two mycotoxin, corn-based premixes were added: one with and without deoxynivalenol (DON) supplement (2.5 mg kg−1 feed) and the other with T-2 toxin at levels of 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg kg−1 feed. After a 5-wk feeding period the pigs were killed; major organs were examined grossly and microscopically, and blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and hematological analyses. Lower final body weight and daily gain appeared (P > 0.05) to be associated with increasing dietary T-2 toxin content. Feed intake followed a similar trend. The performance of pigs fed the DON-supplemented diets was significantly less than for diets without the DON. There was an interaction between DON and T-2 toxin, with differences in weight gain and feed intake, at the two levels of DON, being smaller at the intermediate levels of T-2 toxin. The incidence of lesions on the mucosa of the pars esophageal region increased with increasing levels of T-2. Otherwise, there was little evidence that T-2 affected any of the major organs examined at necropsy or the biochemical and hematological criteria. It seemed that any effects detected were attributable more to DON and its interaction with T-2 than to the presence of T-2 toxin alone. Key words: Pigs, T-2 toxin, DON, toxin interaction

scholarly journals Effect of rebreeding interval on reproductive performance and body weight changes of does during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
E. O. Oyedipe ◽  
L. O. Eduvie ◽  
D. Ogwu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Size At Birth

The effect of rebreeding interval on the reproductive performance and body weight changes of does during pregnancy was investigated using 24 multiparous crossbred (New Zealand White X California) does. The does were placed on three treatments comprising mating at 14, 21 and 28 days postpartum. The docs were served 250g-concentrate meal (23% CP und 2600 kcal ME/kg) daily, while water was given ad libitum. Parameters monitored were doe willingness to mate, doe weights during pregnancy, feed intake, pregnancy rate, litter size and weight at birth, alive at birth and up to 21 days postpartum and stillbirth rate. Kits were weaned at 4 weeks of age. Results obtained showed that does mated 14 days postpartum lost more weight in the second week of pregnancy than the other groups. Rebreeding interval did not significantly (P>0.05) affect doe weight gain in the 19, 3" and 4th weeks of pregnancy. Does mated 14-d postpartum had significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake during the l", 2nd and 3rd weeks of pregnancy. Feed:guin ratio was higher for does mated 21 d postpartum than for other treatments. Pregnancy rate was higher in the 14-d group and lowest in the 28-d group. Willingness to mate also decreased with increasing rebreeding interval. Litter size at birth, number of kits alive at birth and up to 28 days postpartum were not affected (P>0.05) by rebreeding interval as was the case for litter birth weight and percent stillbirths. Does mated 14 days postpartum however, had numerically more kits alive at birth and up to 28 days postpartum than the other groups. Litter weights were slightly higher for does mated 14 and 21 days postpartum than 28 days. It is concluded from this study that mating does 14 days postpartum under tropical conditions could increase the number of kits weaned per doe and hence increase profitability of the rabbit production enterprise. 

THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF FINNSHEEP BREEDING IN CROSSBREEDING SCHEMES: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Size At Birth

Reproductive performance and body weight were studied on 361 ewes, representing Finnsheep (F), DLS (a population of 1/2 Dorset, 1/4 Leicester, 1/4 Suffolk) and seven combinations ranging from 1/8 to 7/8 Finnsheep breeding. Conception rate in yearlings was 61.5% for DLS compared to 89.0% for F with the crosses being intermediate. Conception rate in older ewes was similar in the different genetic groups (avg. 94%). Ovulation rate and litter size at birth of DLS ewes were 1.72 and 1.44 lambs, which was less than half those of F ewes (3.51 and 2.86 lambs, respectively). Both traits increased progressively with an increase in F breeding in crosses and with advances in age. DLS ewes weaned 1.22 lambs compared to 2.03 lambs for F ewes and 1.84 lambs for 4/8 F ewes. The heaviest litters at weaning (31.7 kg) were raised by 4/8 F ewes, followed by 7/8 F (30.8 kg) while those raised by DLS ewes weighed 23.0 kg and F ewes 29.1 kg. Percentage of ova lost per ewe mated averaged 24% and ranged between 18% (DLS and 1/8 F) and 29% (6/8 F). About 3.6% of lambs were born dead and a further 13.8% died before weaning. Preweaning mortality rate was highest in F (22.9%) and lowest in 3/8 F (9.4%). Average kilograms of lambs weaned per ewe exposed was highest in 4/8 F (27.6 kg) followed by F (26.0 kg), whereas that of DLS was the lowest at 18.1 kg. The 4/8 F cross showed 25% heterosis in kg of lambs weaned per ewe exposed and 52.5% increase over DLS. Significant positive linear regressions were calculated for ovulation rate, litter size and preweaning mortality rate on proportion of Finnsheep breeding in crosses. The relation was quadratic for percent ova lost and lamb mortality at weaning. Yearling DLS females weighted 36 kg compared to 44 kg for F yearlings. However, at 5 yr of age DLS ewes weighed 62 kg, 5 kg heavier than F ewes. The heaviest ewes at all ages were the 4/8 F (45 kg at 1 yr, 65 kg at 5 yr). Key words: Reproduction, DLS sheep, Finnsheep, crossbreeding, heterosis, repeatabilities

scholarly journals GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MEAT MALE QUAILS (COTURNIX SP.) OF TWO LINES UNDER TWO NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. M. ALMEIDA ◽  
E. G. OLIVEIRA ◽  
P. R. RAMOS ◽  
N. VEIGA ◽  
K. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Better Than

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de duas linhagens (italiana e japonesa) e de dois níveis de proteína bruta (20 e 26% PB) sobre o desempenho para corte foram utilizados 144 machos de codorna, criados em gaiola de 1 a 49 dias. Foram alojadas nove aves por gaiola, sorteadas de acordo com um esquema fatorial 2 x 2 em delineamento inteiramente aleatorizado com quatro repetições. O desempenho foi avaliado semanalmente. A linhagem italiana apresentou maiores peso médio, ganho de peso médio e consumo médio do que a japonesa. O consumo médio relativo e a conversão alimentar da linhagem italiana foram menores, indicando melhor capacidade de utilização do alimento. Abstract Male quails (144) were reared from 1 to 49 days in cages, to evaluate the effect of line (Italian and Japanese), and crude protein level (20 and 26% CP) upon growth performance for meat production. Nine birds were housed per cage, sorted out according to a 2 x 2 factorial scheme in an entirely randomized design with 4 repetitions. Growth performance was evaluated weekly. The Italian line had higher mean body weight, mean gain weight and mean feed intake than the Japanese line. The Italian line showed lower or equal means of feed intake adjusted for body weight, indicating that it had better feed utilization. Mean feed conversion of the italian line was better than that of the Japanese line.

The effect of deworming naturally infected heifers on liveweight gain, reproductive performance and fecal egg counts

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
S. L. Boyles ◽  
L. J. Johnson ◽  
W. D. Slanger ◽  
B. J. Kreft ◽  
J. D. Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age At Puberty ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty-six of 52 heifers with an average liveweight of 318 kg were dewormed by intraruminal injection of oxfendazole and placed in drylot on 31 January. The other 26 animals served as controls. All heifers were pastured starting on 14 June and the treatment heifers were dewormed in the same manner as at the start of the experiment (31 January) on 1 July and 31 July. The groups started out with similar total worm eggs per gram of fecal sample, but the dewormed heifers had fewer counts each month thereafter. The drylot average daily gain of the treated heifers was higher (P = 0.01) and less variable (P = 0.12) and by 29 May these animals were heavier by 11.7 kg (P = 0.10). The treated animals did not gain as fast on pasture (P = 0.20), but the gain continued to be less variable (P = 0.09). Age at puberty was not different. Number of open heifers in the treated group was 4 vs. 15% for the control group (P = 0.18). Deworming by intraruminal injection resulted in faster feedlot gains, more uniform gains during both drylot and pasture, reduced parasites and no abscess at injection sites. Key words: Anthelmintics, oxfendazole, cattle, heifers

scholarly journals LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION FROM FIVE BREEDS ON RANGE

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Vesely ◽  
H. F. Peters ◽  
S. B. Slen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Staple Length

Rambouillet, Romnelet, Columbia, Targhee, and Suffolk sheep were evaluated under range conditions for the production of lamb and wool in the period 1960–1963. The production traits analyzed were: birth and weaning weight; face cover and neck wrinkling; fertility, prolificacy, weaned lamb production, and body weight of ewe; lamb survival to weaning; grease and clean fleece weight, staple length, wool grade, and percentage yield of clean wool by yearling and mature ewes.Lambs of Romnelet were lighter at birth than those of the other breeds. Targhee and Suffolk were the heaviest at birth. Romnelet and Columbia lambs were lighter at weaning than those of Rambouillet, Targhee, and Suffolk.Fertility, prolificacy, and weaned lamb production were essentially the same in the four range breeds. Suffolk produced more weaned lamb than the other four breeds. There were no breed differences in the survival of lambs.Columbia exceeded all other breeds in production of grease and clean fleece weight. Suffolk produced the smallest amount of wool. Staple length of Columbia ewes was 4.3, 7.5, 18.6, 23.7 mm longer than that of Romnelet, Targhee, Suffolk, and Rambouillet ewes.

The effect of feed restriction on sexual maturity and initial reproductive performance of broiler pullets under different light treatments

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAE Pym ◽  
R Sledge
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lighting Systems

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of restricted feeding under two lighting systems during the rearing period on the initial laying performance of broiler type pullets. The rearing treatments were imposed at nine weeks of age, removed at 22 weeks and the trial was discontinued at 36 weeks of age. The feeding treatments (restricted versus ad lib.) were arranged factorially with the lighting treatments (decreasing versus increasing). Birds reared on restricted feeding reached sexual maturity 16 days later than full fed birds, ate 17 per cent less feed to 22 weeks and gained seven per cent less in body weight to 24 weeks of age and ten per cent less to 36 weeks. Birds reared under the decreasing lighting regime reached sexual maturity at the same age as those reared under increasing lighting, ate five per cent more feed during the rearing and laying periods and gained five per cent more in body weight to 24 weeks. The mean weight of eggs laid between 24 and 34 weeks of age from pullets subjected concurrently to decreasing lighting and restricted feeding was approximately two grams heavier than that of the other three treatment combinations. Mean egg weight was one gram greater in the restricted than in the full fed group, although the difference was not statistically significant. Laying mortality was lower in the restricted fed group than in the full fed group.

Effect of prolonged undernutrition on the recovery and reproductive performance of maiden Merino ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
TJ Grainger ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented on the recovery and reproductive performance of 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes after a prolonged period of undernutrition. The 217 sheep had been hand-fed on a submaintenance ration in pen feeding trials at Glenfield, New South Wales. During the seven months of the trials they had lost 6 kg (28 to 22 kg) body weight. They were transported to Condobolin in south-western New South Wales, divided into two treatment groups and run on good quality pastures. One group was joined immediately (May 1959) and again ten months later, and the other group was mated after six months at Condobolin (in October 1959) and again 12 months later. The ewes recovered rapidly. The mean weight of both groups had reached 30 kg within six weeks and 40 kg within six months. In the first year 73 of the 100 May-mated ewes bore lambs, but only 38 of these lambs were weaned. Ewes bearing lambs had a higher body weight at the start of joining and gained more during joining than the barren ewes. At the other three joinings (October 1959, May 1960, October 1960) lambing percentage was from 86-89 and weaning percentage from 62-69-both normal for the district. The proportion of twin lambs (3-6 per cent) was low. Wool weight in 1959 was not affected by time of mating or by pregnancy.

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Viana Ferreira ◽  
Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa ◽  
Camila Schultz Marcolla ◽  
Marcos Henrique Soares ◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets with high digestible lysine concentration on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of barrows from 95 to 158 days of age. Eighty commercial hybrid barrows (50 ± 1.82 kg) selected for lean meat deposition, were assigned to four dietary treatments (3,150, 3,235, 3,320, and 3,400 kcal EM kg-1) in a randomized design with 10 replicate pens per treatment and two pigs per pen. From 95 to 116 days of age, we observed no effects of ME on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME levels (? = 5.79961 - 0.00096790X - r2 = 0.89). From 95 to 137 days of age, no effects of ME were observed on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME (?= 6.1176 - 0.001X - r2= 0.97). From 95 to 158 days, of age no effects of ME were observed on FBW and ADG. Dietary ME influenced the ADFI and F: G, which decreased linearly with increasing ME concentrations (?= 8.12951 - 0.00149X - r2= 0.99; ?= 6.0914 - 0.001X - r² = 0.75, respectively). There was a linear increase in loin eye area (LEA) with increasing ME (? = - 29.851 + 0.0207 X - r² = 0.87). Backfat thickness, pH, and temperature, measured at different times after slaughter (0 min, 45 min, 3 h, and 24 h), were not affected by dietary ME. The level of ME also did not affect the meat quality parameters Color L*, Color a*, Color b*, Warner-Bratzler shear force, thaw water losses, cooking water losses, sum of water losses, intramuscular fat content, and TBARS. Diets with 3,400 kcal kg-1 ME, corresponding to 2.75, 2.57, and 2.31 g digestible lysine/Mcal of ME for pigs from 95 to 116, 116 to 137, and 95 to 158 days of age, respectively, resulted in best performance and carcass traits, without negative effects on meat quality.

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