EVALUATION OF MEADOWFOAM (Limnanthes alba) MEAL AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. THROCKMORTON ◽  
P. R. CHEEKE ◽  
D. C. CHURCH ◽  
D. W. HOLTAN ◽  
G. D. JOLLIFF
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Limnanthes Alba ◽  
Steam Cooking ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Growth Trial

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate meadowfoam meal (MFM) as a protein supplement for sheep. In exp. 1, a digestion trial was conducted with 49-kg wethers to compare raw and steam-cooked (SC) MFM with cottonseed meal (CSM). Apparent digestibility of energy, dry matter and crude protein of the raw MFM diet was reduced (P < 0.01) by 4, 6 and 8%, respectively, compared with CSM. Acid detergent fiber and ash digestibility were greatly reduced by 52 and 55% compared with CSM. Steam cooking caused additional (nonsignificant) reductions of all values except fiber and ash. In exp. 2, a growth trial was conducted with 20-kg wethers comparing diets in which raw MFM replaced 50–100% of the CSM in the control diet. Liveweight gain and feed efficiency were increased at least 20% over CSM at either replacement level. The results suggest that reduced digestibility of fiber and ash protected MFM protein from ruminal degradation, thus allowing larger and more efficient gains. In exp. 3, a finishing trial was conducted with 37-kg wethers comparing MFM and CSM as the supplemental protein source. There were no differences in weight gain, feed efficiency or backfat thickness, but a slight improvement was observed in dressing percentage (P < 0.05) of lambs fed the MFM diet. Histological evaluation of thyroid, liver and kidney showed no specific changes due to MFM feeding. In exp. 4, ewes consumed raw MFM at a level equal to that in exp. 3 during the last 7–9 wk of pregnancy; no differences (P > 0.05) in serum thyroid hormone values were found between treatment and controls. However, two of seven ewes on the MFM diet gave birth to lambs showing signs of goiter. The results of these experiments indicate that raw MFM is a satisfactory protein supplement for growing lambs when used at moderate levels, but should not be fed to pregnant ewes until further research can resolve the problem of goiter development in newborn lambs. Key words: Sheep, meadowfoam, Limnanthes, digestibility

LYSINE, THREONINE, METHIONINE AND ISOLEUCINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF PEACE RIVER BARLEY FOR GROWING PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. CHUNG ◽  
R. M. BEAMES
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Trial

The supplementation of Peace River barley was investigated in both a growth trial and a metabolism trial. The control diet consisted essentially of barley and soybean meal and provided 15.8% crude protein containing 0.75% total lysine. In the other diets, barley, as the sole source of protein, was supplemented with L-lysine HCl to provide 0.75 and 0.90% total lysine, with the former level also tested with 0.05% added L-threonine, alone or with 0.10% DL-methionine or with 0.10% DL-methionine plus 0.10% L-isoleucine. The growth trial incorporated three replicates, each with three gilts and three barrows group-fed on each diet, whereas in the metabolism trial, six observations per diet were made. The control diet produced greater daily gain, better feed utilization and leaner carcasses than any of the amino acid-supplemented diets. Gilts, but not barrows, grew more rapidly with the increase in lysine content from 0.75 to 0.90%. Addition of 0.05% L-threonine to the 0.75% lysine diet to provide 0.29% total threonine significantly improved daily gain and feed efficiency. Addition of methionine either with or without isoleucine to this latter diet had no effect on growth or feed utilization, but slightly improved nitrogen retention. Although nitrogen retained (expressed as a percentage of nitrogen absorbed) for all diets containing threonine was greater than the value for the control diet, values for nitrogen digestion and total nitrogen retention were less than for the latter diet.

scholarly journals DRIED BREWERS’ GRAINS IN RATIONS FOR MARKET HOGS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Young ◽  
R. H. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Three trials were conducted involving a total of 44 barrows, individually self-fed pelleted corn-based diets in which dried brewers’ grains supplied 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the supplemental protein. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the average growth rate of pigs receiving a control diet based on corn and soybean meal and that of pigs receiving diets in which dried brewers’ grains supplied up to 50% of the supplemental protein. When dried brewers’ grains supplied more than 50% of the supplemental protein, growth rate and feed efficiency tended to decline.

scholarly journals DRIED POULTRY WASTE VERSUS GROUNDNUT CAKE AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR GRAZING WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS AND SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
A. U. Okorie ◽  
F. C. Obioha ◽  
A. A. Anyaehie ◽  
H. C. Ahamefule
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
West African ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Better Than

IN two separate experiments dried poultry waste (DPW) from caged-layer units was evaluated as a protein supplement for small ruminants. In experiment 1, nine goats divided into three groups of three animals each were randomly assigned to three diets containing 0,25, and 30% DPW in three periods of 17 days per period. Experiment 2 involved eight sheep, six of which were grazed and in addition fed in pairs to each of three diets containing 0, 20 and 30% DPW over a period of 12 weeks. The remaining two sheep were maintained solely on grazing during the same period of time.  Dry matter intake and digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, other extract as well as liveweight gains and feed efficiency were not significantly different among the different treatments in experiment 1. Digestibility of nitrogen free extract was however significantly (P 0.05) different. In experiment 2, the control diet was consumed significantly (P 0.01) more than the diet containing 20% DPW. In general, intake decreased as DPW inclusion increased, but performance of animals on DPW supplemented remained as good or even better than those on the control diet. While supplementation produced on increase in liveweight gain of between 48-58% over initial bodyweight in 12 weeks, grazing alone promoted an overall in increase of 0.04% only during the same period.  

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

scholarly journals Ingestive behavior of lambs fed with guava agro-industrial waste ( Psidium guajava )

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Torres NOBRE ◽  
Roberto Germano COSTA ◽  
Neila Lidiany RIBEIRO ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de CARVALHO ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão da CRUZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Santa Inês

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of guava agro-industrial waste (GAW) on the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês lambs. Forty non-castrated sheep of the Santa Inês breed were used, at an initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.62 kg, and at the age of 120 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and fed with increasing GAW levels (0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 and 30.0%). The average daily gain (ADG) showed orthogonal contrast (P <0.05), in which the animals that ingested the control diet had lower performances. The animals with GAW added to the diet obtained more significant weight gains reflected by a better feed conversion. Among the variables, idleness, feeding, and total chewing time had a significant effect (P<0.05); animals spent more time idle at the 30.0% inclusion level and less time in the control group. However, the means of the 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5% GAW inclusion levels were statistically similar to the control group and the 30.0% level. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed efficiency, with the lowest values being presented for the control group and the highest values at the 30% inclusion level of GAW. The 30.0% GAW feed for lambs in confinement reduces feed time, and total chewing prolongs idleness and increases feed efficiency without compromising dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and ADG.

scholarly journals General and Relative Growth Studies in Formulated Feed of Fresh Water Prawn M. Assamensis peninsularis (Tiwari) from Kumaon Himalaya, Uttarakhand

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Joshi ◽  
Nandkishor Ingole ◽  
H. C. S Bisht ◽  
N. N Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Kumaon Himalaya ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Ingredient Composition

The present paper deals with the study of relative growth of fresh water prawn Macrobrachium assamensis peninsularis. Experiment was conducted to study the effect of different formulated diets. The experiment diets were prepared with similar ingredient composition with only difference in protein supplement source. The stocked animals were fed with control diet (D0) and three experimental diets (D1-D3). The food was given at 8 am and 4 pm at the rate of 5% of the total biomass. Study was conducted during July 2007- June 2008. The relative per month growth increment was observed maximum in the case of animal fed with diet D3 followed by animal fed with diet D2. It was 2.08 mm in male and 1.44 in female for per month increment in length of animal fed with diet D3 and 0.11 gm in males and 0.073 gm in females for per month increment in weight of the same group of animals. Finally concluded that formulated feed to enhanced the relative growth of both the sexes under laboratory condition.

The effect of protein source on the performance of suckling Chios ewes and Damascus goats

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hadjipanayiotou ◽  
E. Georghiades ◽  
A. Koumas
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Supplemental Protein

AbstractTwo trials, one with 36 twin-suckling Chios ewes and the other with 32 twin-suckling Damascus goats, were conducted to study the effect of protein source (fish meal v. soya-bean meal) on the pre-weaning milk yield of the dams, and the growth performance of their offspring. The control (C) concentrate mixture was similar in both trials, using soya-bean meal (SBM) (195 kg/t) as a source of supplemental protein. In the experimental diet (FME) of the ewe trial, SBM was replaced completely by fish meal (FM) whereas in the goat trial (FMG) 83 kg of SBM were replaced by 50 kg FM. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation of the three isonitrogenous mixtures were measured using nylon bags incubated in the rumens (2, 6, 16, 24 and 32 h) of three Damascus goats. There were no significant differences between mixtures for DM and CP effective degradability at 005 per h outflow rate. At 0·08 per h outflow rate however, lower degradability values were obtained with the FME than with the C diet. There were differences in the effective CP degradability of SBM and FM used in the ewe trial, but the FM used in the goat trial was of higher CP degradability and similar to that of SBM. Ewes on FM produced more milk than those on the control diet (C 3·44 v. FME 3·84 kg/day), whereas milk yield of goats was similar in the two treatments (C 3·87 v. FMG 3·82 kg/day). There were no differences between treatments for ewe milk fat (C 44 v. FME 43 g/kg) or protein concentration (C 54 v. FME 53 g/kg). Goats on fish meal (FMG) produced milk of higher protein (C 37 v. FMG 40 g/kg), but of similar fat (C 42 v. FMG 43 g/kg) concentration to those on the SBM (C) diet. With the exception of the better conversion (milk: gain ratio) efficiency (C 5·17 v. FME 4·44) of male lambs sucking ewes on the FM diet, no other differences were observed in the performance of lambs or kids. Lambs consumed less milk than kids (lambs: males 4·69, females 5·13; kids: males 6·63, females 6·98) per unit of weight gain.

scholarly journals Low dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals from microalgae improves feed efficiency and modifies intermediary metabolisms in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Perera ◽  
David Sánchez-Ruiz ◽  
María Isabel Sáez ◽  
Alba Galafat ◽  
André Barany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate two functional feeds for the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, containing low inclusion of two microalgae-based products (LB-GREENboost, LBGb; and LB-GUThealth, LBGh). Fish (12–13 g) were fed for 13 weeks a control diet or one of the four diets supplemented with both products at 0.5% or 1%. LBGb and LBGh did not affect specific growth rate or survival, but increased feed efficiency by decreasing feed intake and enlarging the intestines. LBGb increased hepatosomatic index and reduced cortisol levels in plasma, while both products lowered plasma lactate. Extensive metabolite and metabolic enzyme profiling revealed that microalgae supplementations, especially 1% LBGh: (i) decrease plasma lactate and increase hepatic glycogen, (ii) reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis, (iii) enhance hepatic lipogenic activity and lipid secretion, (iv) led fish to double triglyceride content in muscle and to stimulate its lipid oxidative capacity, and (v) increase the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid in muscle. This study demonstrates that both microalgae-based products are suited to improve feed efficiency and orchestrate significant changes in the intermediary metabolism in gilthead seabream juveniles.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize and starch with Shoti meal (Curcuma zedoaria) in broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
O Islam ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

Differential Effects of Pyrazinamide and Clofibrate on Gene Expression of Rat Hepatic a-Amino-b-Carboxymuconate-e-Semialdehyde Decarboxylase, a Key Enzyme of the Tryptophan-NAD Pathway

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Makiko Sato ◽  
Mayuki Sato ◽  
Ryoko Sugawara ◽  
Atsushi Tanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phthalate Ester ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferators ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Hepatic α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-e-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) [EC4.1.1.45] plays a key role in regulating NAD biosynthesis from tryptophan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ACMSD mRNA expression after pyrazinamide or peroxisome proliferators ingestion. When rats were fed a control (pyrazinamide- and clofibrate-free) diet, 1% pyrazinamide- or 0.24% clofibrate-containing diets for 8 days, hepatic ACMSD activity and mRNA in rats consuming the clofibrate-containing diet was strongly suppressed, as compared with those fed the control and pyrazinamide diet. Pyrazinamide suppressed liver and kidney ACMSD activities, but did not affect ACMSD mRNA. Blood NAD was increased in the clofibrate and pyrazinamide groups. Shifting from the control diet to a clofibrate diet suppressed ACMSD mRNA strongly at day 1 and continued through day 4. However ACMSD activity decreased gradually. In rats fed with several kinds of peroxisome-proliferator-containing diets such as phthalate ester, bezafibrate, Wy-14,643, 2-(-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid, or dehydroisoandrosterone for 8 days, hepatic ACMSD mRNA was drastically decreased by all the peroxisome proliferators. These results suggest that the transcription level of hepatic ACMSD is modulated by peroxisome proliferators, and the fluctuation of the hepatic ACMSD mRNA expression was followed by that of the ACMSD activity. However, pyrazinamide does not affect the transcription level of hepatic ACMSD.

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