THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY ROUGHAGE LEVEL ON EFFICIENCY OF GROWTH AND MUSCLE DEPOSITION IN BULLS AND STEERS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Intermediate Results ◽  
Daily Gain

Bulls and implanted steers fed three dietary roughage levels (20% 50%, and 80% alfalfa-brome hay) were compared for various measures of efficiency in beef production. Cattle were about 1 yr of age at the start of the trial and bulls were heavier than steers (290 kg vs. 269 kg). There were four pens, each containing three cattle in every sex × dietary roughage combination. Animals in a pen were slaughtered when pen means approximated 450 kg or 580 kg. Increasing the level of roughage in the diet (20% to 80%) resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in both daily gain and liveweight gain per 100 MJ DE. The 50% roughage diet produced intermediate results. At a constant liveweight there was no significant (P < 0.05) effect of dietary roughage level on carcass muscle. Bulls produced 9% more muscle than steers at a constant liveweight. Muscle gain per 100 MJ DE decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with roughage level, and was higher for bulls than steers. For a constant amount of feed energy (24 148 MJ DE) bulls fed the 20% roughage diets produced 26.8 kg more carcass muscle (P < 0.05) than bulls fed the 80% roughage diet. Similarly, steers fed the 20% roughage diet produced 16.1 kg more carcass muscle (P < 0.05) than steers fed the 80% roughage diet. Bulls produced 23% more muscle than steers for a constant digestible energy intake (24 148 MJ DE). The overall results thus indicate that dietary roughage and sex-type cause large differences in the amount of carcass muscle produced for a constant energy intake.

THE INFLUENCE OF BREED ON THE EFFICIENCY OF GROWTH AND MUSCLE DEPOSITION IN BULLS AND HEIFERS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D.M. JONES ◽  
M.A. PRICE ◽  
R.T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Two breeds (Hereford (HE), and Dairy Synthetic (DY)), and two sexes (bulls and heifers) were compared for various measures of efficiency in beef production. DY animals had greater (P < 0.001) birthweights, and greater weaning weights (P < 0.001) than HE animals. At weaning, 16 animals of each breed-sex combination were grouped four to a pen and fed a high-concentrate cereal diet ad libitum to one of two slaughter weights (485 kg, 575 kg). Average daily gain and liveweight gained per 100 MJ dietary energy (DE) was greater (P < 0.05) for DY bulls than HE bulls. Average daily gain, but not liveweight gained per 100 MJ DE was greater (P < 0.05) for DY heifers than HE heifers. There were no differences (P < 0.05) in muscle gain per unit of liveweight among breed-sex combinations. At a constant liveweight DY bulls produced significantly (P < 0.05) more muscle than HE bulls, and DY heifers, significantly more (P < 0.05) than HE heifers. Muscle gain per 100 MJ DE was highest for DY bulls and lowest for DY heifers. For a constant amount of feed energy (23 241 MJ DE) DY bulls produced 20.1 kg (16%) more muscle than HE heifers. The overall results thus indicate that breed and sex cause important differences in the amount of carcass muscle produced for a constant energy intake.

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

The effect of level and pattern of energy intake during late pregnancy on the performance of housed Scottish Blackface ewes

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. McClelland ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Constant Energy

SUMMARYSixty Scottish Blackface ewes were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment in which two levels of metabolizable energy (ME) were given during the final 6 weeks of pregnancy. In two treatments 1600 and 2000 kcal M E were given daily over the total period while in the remaining treatments daily ME intakes were 1200 and 1600 kcal ME during the first 3 weeks of the feeding period and 2000 and 2400 kcal ME during the last 3 weeks. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intakes were constant at approximately 30 g per head daily in the constant energy treatments and 15 and 45 g per head daily in the first and second periods respectively for the low-high energy treatments.Energy intake had no statistically significant effect on lamb birth weight nor on ewe net body-weight change (change from the start of the experimental feeding period to immediately post partum). Ewes on low-high energy intakes had a significantly lower net body-weight loss than did ewes on constant energy intakes. Pattern of feeding had no significant effect on lamb birth weights. Negative nitrogen balances were found during the first feeding period where the daily DCP intake was approximately 15 g per head.

scholarly journals Capsaicin-treated rats permanently overingest low- but not high-concentration sucrose solutions

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. R1805-R1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kelly ◽  
Silvia Morales ◽  
Brenda K. Smith ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Visceral Afferents ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sucrose Consumption ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Unfamiliar Food ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Chemical Ablation

The effect of capsaicin-induced chemical ablation of visceral afferents on 1-h liquid sucrose consumption was investigated in food-deprived rats. We first show that although 10% sucrose is permanently overconsumed by capsaicin-treated (CAPs) compared with vehicle-treated (VEHs) control rats, 40% sucrose is only overconsumed during the first but not subsequent 1-h exposures. Furthermore, one group of CAPs lost the overconsumption response at 20% when exposed to progressively increasing sucrose concentrations of 10–40%, and another group recovered the overconsumption response at 10% when exposed to a series of decreasing concentrations. Control rats ingested relatively constant volumes of sucrose over the range of 10, 15, and 20%, resulting in significantly different energy intakes. In contrast, CAPs generally showed a concentration-dependent decrease in volume intake, resulting in relatively constant energy intake. These results suggest that capsaicin-sensitive visceral afferents, likely from gastric distension and other preabsorptive sensors, provide major control over volume ingested. In the absence of these signals, rats initially overconsume, but rapidly learn to use other signals from capsaicin-resistant preabsorptive or postabsorptive sites, to control future intake. This redundant satiety system appears to be sensitive to the osmotic value or caloric content of the unfamiliar food, but only if this is above a threshold of about 15% sucrose.

Growth and Carcass Composition of Implanted and Non-Implanted Heifers and Steers Reared Together

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
M. G. Keane ◽  
M. J. Drennan
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
The Mean

The national cow herd consists of 1.64m dairy and 0.43m beef cows. They produce a total of 1.76m reared calves annually. Of these 0.42m heifers go as herd replacements, leaving 0.46m heifers and 0.88m males available for beef production. There is a 2:l ratio of males to femaies in the population of calves available for beef production. Also, there are few straightbred dairy heifer calves available and the mean birth date of heifer calves for beef production is later than that cf males. The objectives of the present experiment were (i) to compare the performance and carcass composition of non-implanted and implanted heifers and steers and (ii) to compare the carcass composition of serially slaughtered non-implanted and implanted heifers.Sixty tour (48 female and 16 male) Spring born Hereford x Friesian calves (initial live-weight 45 kg) were purchased and reared on milk replacer and concentrates. After 81 days they were blocked on weight and assigned from within sex type to 8 treatment groups.

Production of volatile fatty acids in the sheep caecum

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Digestible Energy

Acetic, propionic, and butyric acids labelled with 14C were infused into the caecum of continuously fed sheep. The specific activity of the volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the caecum was determined at intervals during the infusion. The production rate was calculated by isotope dilution from the results of those experiments in which steady state conditions were obtained. Substantial interconversions occurred between the fatty acid fractions. The total production of VFA was about 440 mmoles/day, equivalent to 125 kcal/day or 5.3% of the animal's digestible energy intake.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN DEDAK PADI TERFERMENTASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN BABI

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
MAHARDIKA I G. ◽  
I W. SUDIASTRA
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

The research has been conducted which aims to analisys the effect of fermented rice bran to pig performance.Completly Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates were used in this research. Treatment A: pig givenration containing rice bran without fermentation, treatment B: pig given ration containing 25% fermented rice bran,treatment C: pig given ration containing 50% fermented rice bran, and treatment D: pig given ration containing100% fermented rice bran. Observed variabels are: feed consumption, average daily gain, feed convertion ratio,digestability of nutrient dan digestible energy (DE). Results of this study concluded the used of fermented rice branincreased of growth and feed efficiency.

The Response to feed Additives in Beef Production Systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
L. Scott ◽  
M. Kay ◽  
E. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

Feed additives are widely used in beef production systems. Two series of trials were carried out during a 2 year period on several farms in the N.E. of Scotland to determine the effects of the feed additives, Salinomycin, Flavomycin, Romensin and Avotan on the growth rate of beef cattle. In the first trial which was carried out on 27 farms, there were 1650 steers and heifers which were on an ad-libitum diet of grass silage and a rolled barley supplement. The additives were pre-mixed with 1 kg ground barley and fed once daily to the groups of cattle as part of their concentrate allowance. The additives compared were Salinomycin 150, Flavomycin 40, Romensin 200 and Avotan 150 mg/head/day. All cattle were weighed at 0, 42, 84 and 126 days. The responses in terms of daily gain and the persistency of those responses were measured for the various feed additives. In the second trial which was carried out on 13 farms, there were 470 bulls which were in cereal-beef units. The additives used were premixed and fed in a similar manner to that in trial 1. The same additives were compared at similar dose rates to the other trials. All cattle were weighed at 28-42 day intervals and daily gains were recorded. On one farm, feed intake was recorded for each group of bulls given the different feed additives. The data from each farm was analysed using the analysis of variance technique. The mean gains on each farm were subjected to further analysis using least squares techniques to provide overall mean values with appropriate standard errors.

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