LEVELS OF PROTEIN AND FAT AND TYPE OF PROTEIN IN VEALER RATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BOUCHARD ◽  
L. F. LAFLAMME ◽  
B. LACHANCE ◽  
G. L. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Muscle Color

Three levels of crude protein 13.2, 15.4 and 17.7%, three levels of tallow 0, 3 and 6% and two sources of protein, meat and bone meal (MBM) and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design using 216 Holstein type male calves. The calves were weaned at 3 wk of age and slaughtered at 113 kg liveweight. Twenty-four control calves were fed whole milk at 12% of body weight. Fat levels in the concentrate did not affect the age at slaughter but the 17.7% protein level decreased market age compared with the 13.2% protein diet from 131 days to 120 days and decreased total concentrate consumption by 25.7 kg. MBM gave paler carcasses as determined by reflectance than SBM as the supplementary protein source. The milk-fed calves were slaughtered at 102 days of age compared to an average of 126 days for the concentrate-fed calves; the respective daily gains, carcass yields, and muscle color scores were 0.72 and 0.55 kg; 56.5 and 50.5%; 58.8 and 48.4. Tallow was not utilized efficiently as an energy source by the young calf and MBM can replace completely SBM in concentrate for veal calves. A level of protein of 13.2% in the concentrate produced lower, but comparable, performance than did 17.7% protein.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus on the Basis of Formulated Feed Supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Jay Narayan Shrestha ◽  
Prabha Niraula
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Formulated Feed ◽  
Crude Protein Level

 Best diet of the fish is the sole of production of aquaculture. Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus on the basis of formulated feed supply was carried out from 7th March to 6th May, 2019 in the laboratory of P.G.Campus, Biratnagar in which 130 juveniles (each of 10±0.11 g.) of catfish were cultured in 13 aquaria feeding with treatment diets having crude protein level 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% for treatment and commercial diet for control. There are no significant differences between the water quality parameters and body weight gain (p>0.05) in all treatments. The highest body weight gain (7.31±0.11 g; 65.20%) and SGR (13.051±1.15 g) was observed in fish fed with T C (45% protein level). This value was lowered than value of control(C) i.e. 7.59±0 g; 69.88% and 13.55±0 g respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best (13.28±1.89 g) in T D (50% protein level feed). Its value was larger (7.52±1.11 g) in T C than C (7.15±0 g). Mortality rate was highest in T C and C i.e. 30% and lowest in T A and T B i.e. 23.33%. Weight gain of the fish increased with increasing protein level in diet till crude protein level 45% then it was dropped at the diet with protein level 50%. The best weight gain was observed in 7th week having crude protein level 45%. The diet with protein level 45% is suggested for farmers concerning the fish (Clarias gariepinus) in the aquaculture.

A nutritional evaluation of diets containing meat meal for growing pigs. 6. Amino acid and mineral-vitamin-antibiotic supplements for maize-meat meal diets

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Cent Increase

Maize-meat meal and maize-meat and bone meal diets were supplemented with dl-tryptophan, l-lysine or a mineral-vitamin-antibiotic (MVA) premix and fed to pigs during the 1s to 45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at an estimated 145 kcal of digestible energy and 7g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. The basal maize-meat meal diet produced poor growth and feed conversion and the combined addition of all three supplements increased growth by 46 per cent, feed conversion by 21 per cent, and lean in the ham by 4.7 per cent. This effect resulted from responses to dl-tryptophan, the MVA and an interaction between dl-tryptophan and l-lysine, with l-lysine depressing gain and feed conversion in the absence of dl- tryptophan and increasing gain, feed conversion, and lean in the ham in its presence. The basal maize-meat and bone meal diet also produced poor growth and feed conversion, and the combined addition of all three supplements resulted in an 82 per cent increase in growth, a 35 per cent increase in feed conversion, and a 3.3 per cent increase in lean in the ham. Both dl-tryptophan and MYA separately increased growth and feed conversion and combined they had an even greater effect. The l-lysine increased feed conversion and lean in the ham. The l-lysine also increased growth rates on the dl-tryptophan supplemented diets, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

scholarly journals In vitro solubility of meat and bone meal protein with different pepsin concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Bellaver ◽  
Dirceu Luís Zanotto ◽  
Antônio Lourenço Guidoni ◽  
Claudete Hara Klein
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Protein Origin

In vitro protein digestibility of protein sources has been correlated with in vivo digestibility values. However, factors like protein origin, enzyme used and its concentration, pH and processing have been related with the significance of the correlation between the estimates. To address only the enzyme concentration factor, this paper had the objective of testing pepsin at 0.2, 0.02, 0.002 and 0.0002% using the standard AOAC (1995) procedure. Two meat and bone meals (MBM) with low and high crude protein (CP) content were used to determine the coefficient of solubility of CP in pepsin and HCl (CSCPPEPH). Centrifugation was used to establish the nitrogen (N) in the soluble phase, instead of filtration and analysis of N in the residue. The variance analysis and a non-linear asymptotic model were adjusted. The CSCPPEPH under different pepsin concentrations for the two MBM showed higher solubility discrimination with low pepsin concentration. The level of 0.0002% pepsin is better to predict the CP soluble in MBM. This finding implies the assumption that 0.2% pepsin found in the AOAC is not correct for the purpose of determining the range of solubility in high and low CP content in MBM.

A note on the effect of sudden changes in the composition of the diet of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-317
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Per Se

SUMMARYTwo diets, one based on barley and white-fish meal and the other on oats, wheat and meat and bone meal, with similar concentrations of digestible energy, crude protein, lysine and methionine+cystine were used to investigate the effects of sudden changes in the composition of the diet on the performance of pigs growing from 32 kg live weight, over a period of 77 days.The diets were given separately, alternated weekly with sudden changes from one diet to the other, or as a 1:1 mixture.Changes in diet per se had insignificant effects on performance.

Effect of Replacement of Antibiotic with Probiotic on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Nutrient Retention in Broilers Fed with Meat Cum Bone Meal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhuri ◽  
B. Swathi ◽  
P. Radhakrishna ◽  
D. Nagalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Bone Meal

The effect of replacing an antibiotic growth promoter in the diet with a probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient retention was studied in broilers (Vencobb 430) fed with and without meat cum bone meal (MBM). This experiment which lasted for 42 days consisted of six dietary treatments viz., basal diet (BD), basal diet with MBM (MBM), basal diet with antibiotic (AB), basal diet with probiotic (PB), basal diet with MBM and antibiotic (MBM+AB) and basal diet with MBM and probiotic (MBM+PB). Three-hundred, day-old chicks were randomly allotted in the beginning to these six groups. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly (P less than 0.05) affected at 4th week of age. Overall, highest body weight gain was recorded in birds fed with AB and PB. Inclusion of probiotic in MBM also showed improved body weight gain when compared to MBM group. Highest feed intake and feed conversion ratio was recorded with AB and PB groups. Birds supplemented with MBM+PB showed improved feed intake and feed efficiency when compared to MBM+AB and MBM diet supplemented groups. Higher dry matter, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention (P less than 0.05) was observed in birds supplemented with PB or AB in diet without MBM when compared to their control. In MBM supplemented groups addition of PB or AB improved crude protein retention. Birds supplemented with PB or AB with or without MBM showed a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in thigh yield and a non significant reduction in fat yield when compared to their control groups.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary crude protein content on apparent and true ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Donkoh ◽  
P. J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

The effect of dietary protein content (25, 60, 95, 130, 165 and 200 g crude protein (N × 6.25)/kg diet) on the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids in meat-and-bone meal given to the growing rat was investigated. Semi-synthetic diets in which meat-and-bone meal was the sole protein source were given to 180 g body-weight rats for 14 d. On the fourteenth day the rats were fed and then killed 4 h after the start of feeding and digesta were sampled from the terminal 200 mm ileum. Endogenous amino acid excretion was determined for eighteen rats given an enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC)-based diet and with subsequent treatment of the digesta using ultrafiltration. The EHC-fed rats were killed 3 h after the start of feeding and digesta were collected from the terminal 200 mm ileum. True ileal digestibility values determined with reference to Cr as a marker were higher than the corresponding apparent estimates. Apparent digestibility values of N and amino acids increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary protein level; however, dietary protein content had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids. The mean apparent ileal digestibility of N in meat-and-bone meal ranged from 65.6 to 75.3%. The corresponding range for the true ileal digestibility of N was 76.9 to 78.2%. True ileal digestibility, unlike apparent digestibility, appears to be independent of dietary protein level and may allow feed ingredients to be compared accurately even if they are ingested in different quantities.

A note on copper retention by pigs fed on various protein sources

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. O'Donovan ◽  
T. A. Spillane ◽  
J. F. O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Since, under Irish conditions, the source of protein used in pig rations often varies from one area to another, an experiment was conducted to determine the accumulation of copper in the tissues of pigs given the commonly-usedprotein sources in diets containing 250 ppm of supplemental copper. The protein sources compared were (a) white-fish meal (370 ppm Cu), (b) soya bean meal (17 ppm. Cu), (c) roller-dried skim milk (2 ppm Cu), and (d) a mixture of soya bean meal and meat and bone meal (5 ppm Cu) (Table 1). The minerals, vitamins and copper sulphate were premixed with about 5 kg. of barley and distributed over the total feed before mixing. The copper sulphate was sieved to remove coarse particles. Analyses of complete feed mixtures are shown in Table 1. As far as possible, the rations were balanced for crude protein, calcium and phosphorus.

scholarly journals ENERGY AND PROTEIN INGREDIENTS FOR USE IN PIAPARA (Megaleporinus obtusidens) DIETS: NUTRITIVE VALUE AND INTESTINAL MORPHOMETRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Akemi TANAKA ◽  
Viviane do Nascimento Santana de ALMEIDA ◽  
Carolina Vasconcelos Tavares de FARIAS ◽  
Luana Camargo SOUSA ◽  
Gabriela Castellani CARLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Germ ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

The apparent digestibility coefficients for crude protein (ADCCP), dry matter (ADCDM), and gross energy (ADCGE) of ingredients were determined for piapara (Megaleporinus obtusidens). Test diets were formulated to contain 69.5% of reference diet, 0.5% of chromium oxide, and 30% of test ingredients. The protein ingredients evaluated were tilapia processing residue meal (TPRM), feather and poultry blood meal (FPBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), cottonseed meal (CM), corn gluten meal (CGM), and soybean meal (SM); the energy ingredients tested were corn (C), corn germ meal (CGRM), rice meal (RM), wheat bran (WB), and sorghum (S). Groups of 30 piaparas were fed twice daily during five days with test diets. Intestinal morphometry of fish were also evaluated. Digestibility coefficients of protein and energy ingredients were highest for soybean meal (ADCDM = 85.8%; ADCCP = 95.2%; and ADCGE = 87.2%) and corn (ADCDM = 94.5%; ADCCP = 76.2%; and ADCGE = 89.3%), respectively. Of the energy test ingredients analyzed, corn had the highest digestibility coefficients and induced beneficial changes on intestinal morphology compared to sorghum and corn germ meal. All protein ingredients showed potential for use in piapara diets, except meat and bone meal .

scholarly journals Mineral digestibility of different animal sources for the silver catfish Rhamdia voulezi

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-484
Author(s):  
Guilherme Rodrigo Frei ◽  
Jhonis Pessini ◽  
Nathieli Cozer ◽  
Aldi Feiden ◽  
Fábio Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Phosphorus Iron

This study aimed to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, and minerals of marine fish meal (MFM), salmon meal (SM), tilapia by-product meal (TBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), poultry by-product meal (PBM), blood meal (BM), and feather meal (FM) by silver catfish Rhamdia voulezi. Groups of 12 fish were fed the experimental diet three times a day until apparent satiation, and the fecal samples were collected from an accumulation device. SM and PBM exhibited the highest digestibility values for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, while MBM and FM presented significantly lower ADCs for dry matter. BM and FM exhibited higher ADCs for phosphorus, 65.05 and 63.87%, respectively. The ADCs for calcium were 58.8% for MFM, 56.69% for TBM, and 60.08% for PBM. PBM and FM had the highest iron ADCs, 44.01 and 46.29%, respectively. Magnesium ADCs ranged from 44.87% for MBM to 75.50% for TBM. BM had the highest digestibility for zinc (62.77%), whereas MBM (36.68%) and FM (39.39%) had the lowest. In general, SM and PBM showed higher values as feedstuffs for silver catfish feeds. At the same time, the digestibility was lower for TBM and MBM for macronutrients and minerals such as phosphorus, iron, and zinc.

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