CHICK PERFORMANCE AS AFFECTED BY AUTOCLAVE TREATMENT OF TANNIN-CONTAINING AND TANNIN-FREE CULTIVARS OF FABABEANS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
A. T. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Autoclave Treatment ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of condensed tannin and autoclave treatment of fababeans on nutrient utilizatiaon by chicks. In the first experiment broiler chicks were fed a series of diets containing five different cultivars of raw or autoclaved fababeans. Three of the cultivars (Triple White, Kodrim and Fidrim) were tannin-free and two (Diana and Hertz-Freya) were tannin-containing. The retention of nutrients in all cases was greater for the birds fed the tannin-free as compared to those fed the tannin-containing cultivars or for those fed the autoclaved as compared to those fed the raw fababeans. The respective retention values for birds fed tannin-containing and tannin-free raw fababeans were 42.3 and 47.9% for dry matter and 73.2 and 83.7% for total amino acids. The corresponding retention values for birds fed raw versus autoclaved fababeans that were free of condensed tannins were 47.9 and 58.7% for dry matter and 83.7 and 90.7% for total amino acids, respectively. The results of these studies suggest that autoclave treatment of fababeans affects fababean utilization by destruction of condensed tannins which accounts for approximately one-half of the total growth depression and by an effect on some other component in fababeans. The second experiment was designed to compare nutrient utilization in chicks fed diets that contained five levels of condensed tannins that had been isolated from fababean testae. The respective correlation coefficients (r) between percent condensed tannins added to the diet and chick performance were: −0.70 for feed intake, −0.90 for weight gain, +0.97 for feed:gain ratio, −0.98 for dry matter retention, −0.99 for protein retention, +0.96 for fat retention, −0.81 for ash retention and −0.72 for calcium retention. It may be concluded that the elimination of condensed tannins from fababeans by genetic selection would significantly improve its nutritional value.

scholarly journals The effect of condensed tannins on the site of digestion of amino acids and other nutrients in sheep fed on Lotus corniculatus L

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
A. John ◽  
M. T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Tannin Concentration

1. Sheep were used to evaluate the nutritional consequences of a low condensed-tannin concentration (22 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.) (control group) compared with lotus given to sheep receiving intraruminal polyethylene glycol (PEG) infusion (PEG group). PEG selectively binds to tannins and prevents tannins from binding proteins.2. DM intakes (1430 (SE 28) g/d) and digestibility of energy (663 (SE 4.5) kJ/MJ intake) were similar for both groups but the apparent digestion of nitrogen was lower in the control sheep (0.70) than in the PEG sheep (0.78; P < 0.001).3. The proportion of N apparently digested before the abomasum (i.e. in the rumen) was lower (P < 0.05) in control sheep (0.12) than in PEG sheep (0.21; P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in control sheep than in PEG sheep. The proportion of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) digested in the rumen was similar for both groups (0.48 (SE 0.012)) but less energy was digested in the rumen of the control (0.42) than of the PEG sheep (0.47; P < 0.05).4. The flux of essential amino acids (EAA) through the abomasum of control sheep was 50% greater than that in PEG sheep; flux of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 14% higher in control than in PEG sheep. Apparent digestibility of EAA in the small intestine was similar for both treatments (0.67), but NEAA were less well digested in the control (0.55) than in the PEG sheep (0.69).5. The presence of tannins in the control group increased net apparent absorption of threonine (57%), valine (89%), isoleucine (94%), leucine (30%), tyrosine (41%), phenylalanine (93%), histidine (90%) and lysine (59%), and reduced NEAA absorption by 10%, compared with PEG sheep.

scholarly journals Effects of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Condensed Tannins on Intake, Protozoa Population, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility in Jersey Steers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre S. Avila ◽  
Maximiliane A. Zambom ◽  
Andressa Faccenda ◽  
Maria L. Fischer ◽  
Fernando A. Anschau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Black Wattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of condensed tannins (CT) from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) on feed intake, ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in Jersey steers. Five ruminally-cannulated steers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with five periods of 20 days each (14 days for diet adaptation and six days for sample collection per period). Treatments were composed of dietary inclusion levels of condensed tannins at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of diet dry matter. Intakes of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were not affected by condensed tannins. The ruminal pH was reduced linearly with tannin levels. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was not affected by tannins. Tannins reduced the molar proportion of acetate and did not affect the ruminal protozoal population, which might be related to the low doses used. Digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not altered; however, there was a linear reduction in crude protein digestibility. Based on these results, CT extracts from black wattle are not recommended for improving nutrient utilization in steers at the tested levels.

scholarly journals Phenolic compounds of seed coats of white and coloured varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and their total antioxidant activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
a. Troszyńska ◽  
e. Ciska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Seed Coats

The purpose of this study was to compare the composition and contents of phenolic acids and condensed tannin in the seed coats of white and coloured varieties of pea and to examine the antioxidant properties of methanol and acetone extracts containing these phenolic compounds. The contents of phenolic acids were quantified by the HPLC analysis. The sum of free phenolic acids, those liberated from soluble esters and those liberated from soluble glycosides, was higher for coloured seed coat (78.53 g per g dry matter) than for the white seed coat (17.17 g/g dry matter). Protocatechuic, gentisic and vanillic acids were found dominant in the coloured seed coat, while ferulic and coumaric acids in the white seed coat. The content of condensed tannins was 1560 mg of catechin equivalent/100 g of coloured seed coat as determined by a vanillin assay. No condensed tannins were detected in the white seed coat. The antioxidant activity of extracts was measured by the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine to hydroxyperoxidephosphatidyl choline in the liposome system. Strong antioxidant properties were observed in a crude tannin extract from the coloured seed coat. These properties were slightly changed after the seed coat was cooked in water for 30, 60 and 90 min. &nbsp;

Effects of tannins, formaldehyde and formic acid on total tract disappearance of DM, nitrogen and amino acids in grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
T. Hvelplund ◽  
M.R. Weisbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Total Amino Acids

A major problem with grass is that during ensilage the proteins are degraded and nitrogen lost as non protein nitrogen. In the animal a disadvantage of grass silage is that the proteinaceous nitrogen is readily degraded in the rumen to ammonia. There is considerable evidence in the literature indicating that ruminal undegradable protein is a desirable component of some feeds (AFRC, 1993). This is valuable since proteins that by-pass the rumen may be digested in the intestine and the resultant amino acids absorbed. Tannins have been identified by other workers as suitable for the protection of protein in the rumen. However, there is some dubiety regarding the subsequent efficient release of protein in the intestine (McNabb et al., 1993). The effect of quebracho or mimosa tannins or formaldehyde or a combination of tannin/formate or formaldehyde/formate on silage total tract disappearance of dry matter (DM), nitrogen and total amino acids (TAA) was examined in this study.

Effects of tannins, formaldehyde and formic acid on total tract disappearance of DM, nitrogen and amino acids in grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
T. Hvelplund ◽  
M.R. Weisbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Total Amino Acids

A major problem with grass is that during ensilage the proteins are degraded and nitrogen lost as non protein nitrogen. In the animal a disadvantage of grass silage is that the proteinaceous nitrogen is readily degraded in the rumen to ammonia. There is considerable evidence in the literature indicating that ruminal undegradable protein is a desirable component of some feeds (AFRC, 1993). This is valuable since proteins that by-pass the rumen may be digested in the intestine and the resultant amino acids absorbed. Tannins have been identified by other workers as suitable for the protection of protein in the rumen. However, there is some dubiety regarding the subsequent efficient release of protein in the intestine (McNabb et al., 1993). The effect of quebracho or mimosa tannins or formaldehyde or a combination of tannin/formate or formaldehyde/formate on silage total tract disappearance of dry matter (DM), nitrogen and total amino acids (TAA) was examined in this study.

scholarly journals Addition of Tannin in Lamb Diets after Weaning: Impact on Performance and Hematological and Biochemical Variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lucianer ◽  
Aleksandro Schafer da Silva ◽  
Chrystian Jassana Cazarotto ◽  
Davi Fernando Alba ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Griss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Background: In ruminants, the weaning period is a critical phase, because these young animals are allocated to various facilities and receive different feeds. Alternatively, supplements and additives can be used. The tannins are polyphenols produced by plants; constitute a group of complex secondary metabolic factors that inhibit the consumption by herbivores or the development of microbial agents. The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees (Schinopsis lorentzii) in lamb diets after weaning would have beneficial effects on growth and health.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty lambs were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (10 lambs/treatment): T1 (0%; control), T2, T3, and T4 was 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 % of quebracho extract in the diet, respectively. The T2 (0.3%) lambs had greater body condition scores (P = 0.005), and although they did not differ significantly, they had numerically greater body weight (P = 0.067) and weight gain (P = 0.072), than the control lambs. The anthelmintic and anticoccidial effect was not possible to verify because no animals in any group were naturally infected by helminths or coccidia. The T4 lambs had greater numbers of erythrocytes (days 10 and 40) [P < 0.05], greater hemoglobin concentrations (days 10 and 40), and greater numbers of total leukocytes (day 10) as a result of greater numbers of neutrophil at the end of the adaptation period (day 10) compared to T1. The T3 and T4 lambs had greater (P < 0.05) serum total protein (days 10 and 40) because of greater concentration of serum globulins (days 10 and 40) compared to T1, suggesting that the addition of tannin stimulated the immune system. The addition of quebracho in the diet affected serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol at some times and treatments (P < 0.05). However, these changes did not follow a pattern; this finding only suggested that there was an influence on the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The T2 lambs showed no differences on hemogram or serum clinic biochemistries (P > 0.05); however, they had a greater body condition scores than T1 (P < 0.05).Discussion: According to literature, if condensed tannins are supplied in moderate quantities (≤ 5% of diet) to ruminants, they can prevent bloating, increase the supply of undegraded protein in the rumen and improve the use of essential amino acids. It is also known that tannins in diet may increase urea recycling efficiency by increasing the concentration of urea in saliva and salivary flow into the rumen. Studies observed that cattle and sheep given feed containing condensed tannins had higher production of wool, meat, milk, and ovulation rates in females, desirable effects on animal production. According to the literature, dietary supplementation with tannins from chestnut and quebracho (2 g/kg of feed) to Holstein cattle changed the composition of the ruminal microbiota, particularly the bacteria that degrade fiber and starch, reducing the abundance of Prevotella and Fibrobacter, favoring Ruminococcaceae and other members of the phylum Firmicutes, increasing the pH and decreasing urease activity in ruminal fluid. Therefore, when tannins are supplemented at low concentrations, they can stimulate the intake and utilization of essential amino acids in the small intestine, increasing performance and exerting an anthelmintic effect. Our study found that the addition of 0.3% of quebracho in the diet improved lamb growth and health after weaning. It is therefore an additive that can be used to feed lambs in critical post weaning period.

Agronomic evaluation of white clover selected for increased floral condensed tannin

2003 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
V.T. Burggraaf ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
E.R. Thom ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
D.R. Woodfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
First Year ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Point Density

The agronomic performance of an experimental white clover (HT) selection bred for increased floral condensed tannin (CT) production and extended flowering season was compared with Grasslands Huia white clover, under dairy cow grazing in the Waikato. Pure clover swards were sown at 5 kg/ha in autumn 2001. Seedling establishment was better in HT than Huia, but stolon growing point densities from January 2002 to May 2003 were 13 to 62% greater in Huia than HT. Huia swards had higher clover contents than HT, and produced 0.8 t/ha more DM (dry matter) in the first year. CT concentr ations in the flower heads varied over the season, but were similar in the two clovers (1 to 8% of DM). Higher flower densities in HT resulted in higher clover CT concentrations (peak of 0.6 vs 1.2 % of DM for Huia and HT, r espectively). Further testing is required to determine any effects of HT on animal performance. Keywords: condensed tannins, flowering, growing point density, Trifolium repens, white clover

Condensed tannins and the nutritive value of herbage

1990 ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
W.T. Jones ◽  
I.D. Shelton ◽  
W.C. Mcnabb
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Grazed Pasture

Many plant species contain condensed tannins (CT), but lotus is one of the few herbages of agricultural importance to contain CT. Lotus has a high nutritive value (NV) despite a moderate protein content and nitrogen digestibility, and this can be explained by the activity of CT during digestion. CT binds plant proteins in the rumen, reducing their solubility and degradation by rumen bacteria. Condensed tannins increase the passage of plant protein to the intestine, and have increased the availability and absorption of essential amino acids by 60% compared with equivalent CT-free forage. Condensed tannins prevent bloat. Dietary concentrations as low as 0.17% CT in the dry matter (DM) can affect protein solubility in the rumen, but concentrations up to about 2-3% of dietary DM are probably optimal for maximising NV. Values exceeding 5.5% of DM inhibit microbial activity excessively and depress voluntary intakes. Ruminant production of milk, meat and wool could be increased by l0-15 % if grazed pasture contained 2-3%CT. These levels would be achieved if white clover could be engineered to contain 7-8% CT in its foliage. Keywords condensed tannins, lotus, nutritive value, herbage, ruminant digestion

scholarly journals PSIII-19 Effects of extrusion on true metabolizable energy, standardized amino acid digestibility, and chick growth assay of red and white sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
Patrick von Schaumburg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Direct Substitution ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Growth Assay

Abstract The aims of this experiment were to determine the energy value of raw grains [corn (CO), red sorghum (RS), white sorghum (WS)], in comparison to the energy values of the same grains post-extrusion. Cecectomized roosters were precision-fed up to 30g of either raw or extruded grains, then placed into individual cages with a collection tray underneath to catch excreta. After 48h, the excreta was collected and analyzed for N, gross energy, amino acids and dry matter. TMEn was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for extruded WS (3.99 kcal/g) and lowest for raw WS (3.79 kcal/g), whereas extruded CO (3.89 kcal/g), and extruded RS (3.89 kcal/g) did not differ from raw RS (3.83 kcal/g) and raw CO (3.82 kcal/g). This indicates that there was greater utilization of the extruded grains compared to the raw, especially for WS. Amino acids were measured in the grains and the excreta to determine the digestibility. In addition to the rooster assay, a chick growth assay was conducted using Ross 308 male broiler chicks. The study lasted 14d, with average initial chick BW being 149.1g ± 0.048. The experimental diets consisted of inclusion of raw and extruded grains, respectively, added at direct substitution of corn. The results of the chick trial appear to be controversial to the rooster assay. The extruded CO and extruded WS diets were similar (P &gt; 0.05) in weight gain compared to raw CO (660.84g, 665.70g, and 690.13g, respectively). Extruded WS had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake (973.3g), with raw RS having the lowest (847.44g). Raw CO had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) G:F, with extruded WS being lowest (P &lt; 0.05); 754.63g and 683.75g, respectively. In conclusion, the chick growth assay showed superior weight gain in the extruded CO and WS diets, however, the extruded diets were least successful in G:F compared to the raw.

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