PRACTICAL ARTIFICIAL REARING OF NEONATAL PIGLETS UNDER NON-ISOLATED CONDITIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
THOMAS G. HARTSOCK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Better Than

One hundred and sixty-five piglets, weaned between 8 and 12 h postpartum were reared in non-isolated environments at two locations and fed a milk replacer supplemented with serum-derived porcine immunoglobin. Survival and growth rate of the piglets was as good as or better than that commonly observed among sow-reared piglets.

scholarly journals Survival and growth of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus cultured under controlled photoperiod

DEPIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Cyntia Uli Artha Sihombing ◽  
Muhammad Fauzi ◽  
Windarti Windarti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Nocturnal Fish ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Fish Survival ◽  
Better Than

Changing in photoperiod duration may affects the physiology of nocturnal fish such as Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. A study aims to understand the effects of controlled photoperiod towards survival and growth of P. hypophthalmus has been conducted from June to August 2020. There were 3 treatments applied, namely natural photoperiod, 18 hours dark (18D), and 24 hours dark (24D) with 3 replications in each treatment. The rearing tanks used in this study were 100 L circular plastic tanks.  In 24D treatment, the tanks were placed under dark colored tarp tent continuously.  For the 18D treatment, the tanks were placed under dark tarp tent, but the tent was opened for 6 hours/ day (the tanks were in dark condition for 18 hours/ day), while the control tanks were positioned under natural photoperiod. P. hypophthalmus fingerlings, 6-8 cm TL and   4-5 g BW were used in this study. Thirty fishes were reared in each rearing tank, they were feed with commercial pellets, 2 times/day, at satiation. Fish survival was monitored every day, while samplings for fish growth were conducted weekly for a 8 weeks period. Results indicate that the survival of   fish was 100% in each treatment applied. Fish growth, however, shown differences. The growth of fish reared in 24D and 18D was better than that of the control. By the 9th week,  the fish in 24D was around 70.71g BW with 19.27 cm TL  (daily growth rate 9.35%), while those of the 18D was 69.41 g BW, 18.77 cm TL and 9.29% daily growth rate. The fish reared under natural photoperiod was around 61.95 g BW with 18.19 cm TL and 7.33% of daily growth rate. Data obtained indicate that the application of longer dark is positively improve the growth of P. hypophthalmus.Keywords:Nocturnal FishLight Dark Catfish

Effect of accommodating sucking and nosing on the behaviour of artificially reared piglets

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Widowski ◽  
Y Yuan ◽  
J M Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
Belly Nosing ◽  
Over Time

Neonatal piglets are often used in biomedical research applications that require artificial rearing. Social housing can be problematic because the piglets develop belly nosing, navel and ear sucking that can result in injury. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of using feeding devices that provide various opportunities for sucking and nosing behaviour on reducing piglet-directed behaviour of group-housed laboratory piglets. Fifteen piglets were used in each of four trials. The piglets nursed their dam for approximately 72 h to obtain passive immunity before transfer to a laboratory facility where they were allotted, five per group, to one of three stainless steel isolator units. Each unit featured a different style of feeding system for the delivery of milk replacer: a plastic trough (T), a nipple (N) mounted on a smooth plexiglass wall, or a nipple mounted on a pliant bag of sterile water (artificial udder [AU]). Each system had five feeding spaces so that all piglets fed simultaneously. Milk was provided at 6-h intervals, and behaviour was recorded on alternate days for 12 days post-weaning. Although trough-fed piglets began to eat much sooner than those piglets fed from nipples, time spent nosing, chewing or sucking on pen-mates and belly nosing were markedly higher in T piglets than in either N or AU, overall (mean: P <0.05) and over time (quadratic: P <0.05). Over time, N piglets developed a stereotypic snout rubbing on the wall behind the nipples, while AU piglets massaged and often fell asleep in contact with the udder from day 2 of the trial. Resting patterns were also affected. N and AU piglets settled down to rest more quickly (P <0.01) and spent significantly more time resting in the hour following feeding than T piglets (P <0.05). A feeding device that accommodates both sucking and massage can significantly reduce piglet-directed behaviour and may facilitate social housing of artificially reared piglets.

Transplantation of coral fragment, Acropora formosa (Scleractinia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho ◽  
Maykel A.J Karauwan
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one.  However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya.  Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan.  Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%.  Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

The Effects of Reduced Salinity on the Shell Growth of Small Mytilus Edulis

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Almada-Villela
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Better Than

The shell growth of small coastal Mytilus edulis L. was measured at three different constant low salinities over short periods of time. Growth was significantly depressed in 6·4 and 16‰ S but not in 22·4‰ S. Fluctuating salinities between 0 and 32‰ S depressed growth whether the fluctuations were of sinusoidal or abrupt form. After 1 week of preconditioning to constant 32‰ S the growth of coastal (Bangor) mussels was better than estuarine (Conwy) mussels. However, after two weeks’ preconditioning to 32‰ S the estuarine mussels displayed the best growth. In the fluctuating regime, both coastal and estuarine mussels exhibited poor growth rates. The long-term response of the shell growth of coastal M. edulis was followed over a period of 44 days. Salinities in the range 1·8–9·6‰ S were lethal to the mussels within 10 days. In 12·8 and 16‰ S growth was initially delayed but recovered eventually. There was a gradual decline in the growth rate of the mussels exposed to the higher salinities (19·2–32‰) and an improvement in the growth of the mussels living in lower salinities (12·8 and 16‰) to levels nearly matching that of the high salinity animals by day 37. This suggests that acclimation of the shell growth of M. edulis to salinities in the 12·8–28·8‰ S range was achieved by the mussels during the experimental period.

scholarly journals The rooting, survival and growth of woody species on tailing dumps in the limestone quarry “Lafarge ciment”

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1(22)) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Petru Cuza ◽  
◽  
Corina Certan ◽  
Constantin Bulimaga ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Limestone Quarry ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fast Growing Species

The rooting, the survival and dynamics of growths in the height and after the diameter of the seedlings, of a range of woody species, had investigated on the freshly formed sterile dump limestone quarry „Lafarge Ciment”. The seedlings of the woody species had a relatively good rooting (69-99%). A high degree of rooting can be ensured as a result of the maintenance of forest crops. After planting, the young seedlings must be cared for by hoeing as many times as necessary in order to control the weeds and maintain moisture in the soil, which increases the survival of the seedlings. Tree species have been characterized by a different growth rate. Acacia has showed a very rapid increase in height, but the black pine has been characterized by a slow growth. Acacia being a fast-growing species and unpretentious to the mineral elements in the soil can be used to afforest the limestone quarry land. In the fi rst year after planting, the young seedlings, otherwise sensitive to the action of the environmental factors, had an increase in height and in diameter slow and uneven. In the years that followed, the seedlings became more viable and less infl uenced by local and temporal fl uctuations of environmental factors.

scholarly journals Features of body weight growth in meat breeds heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oseredchuk ◽  
N. P. Babik ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. R. Dutka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tension Increase ◽  
Better Than

The data on the dynamics of body weight changes, absolute and average daily gains, frequency rate of increase in body weight, relative growth rate and intensity of body weight growth of Limousine and Volyn Meat breeds heifers. Both studied breeds characterized by different body weight at different age periods. Newborn Limousine breed heifers are weighed 2,7 kg more (P < 0.05) than Volyn Meat breed heifers; at 3 months age the difference was 8.5 kg (P < 0.05) at 6 months – 14.6 kg, at 9 month – 20.8 kg (P < 0.05), at 12 months – 25,6 kg (P < 0.05), at 15–months – 31.9 (P<0,05), and at 18 months – 23.5 kg. Total and average daily gains in animals of both breeds were the highest for a period of 3 to 6 months of age. In the period from birth to 15 months of age preference for average daily gains were in Limousine, however, the difference was statistically significant only for the period of 0 – 3 months and amounted to 63,9 g (P < 0,05). From 15 to 18 months of age Limousine slightly conceded to Volyn Meat breeds on this parameter. In animals of both breeds magnification of body weight increased with age, but over the entire period (from birth to 18 months) this parameter in Volyn Meat heifers was 0.6 times better than Limousine heifers. The coefficients of relative intensity and tension increase of body weight in animals of both breeds were highest in the period from birth to 3 months of age. With age, these indicators declined. Mainly, the advantage was in Volyn meat breed heifers, but the difference was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Mangrove Rehabilitation at Alo Beach (Karakelang Islands, Talaud) Using Propagul of Rhizophora mucronata Lamk

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ady Suryawan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Waves And Tides ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Mangrove Rehabilitation ◽  
Main Factor

This study aimed to know the dynamic of survival rate and growth of Rhizophora mucronata Lamk which planted by using propagules at Alo Beach, Karakelang Island, Talaud. The study was conducted from June 2013 to April 2017, used a complete randomized design with 6 treatments i.e. K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6. The amount of propagules in every treatment were 100 pieces each. The parameter observed were characteristic of substrat, survival rate,height and diameter of the plant’s in age of 1.5 months and 48 months. The results showed that treatment had a significant effect on survival rate and growth of Rhizophora mucronata plants. The rehabilitation was categorized as success at 1.5 months old, but it was failed inthe 48 months. Beside waves and tides, low substrat nutrition became the main factor that affect the success of mangrove rehabilitation in Alo Beach.The K5 treatment has the highest survival and growth rate of the plant. The K5 treatment using pnematophore as brace, while planting without brace/K1 has lowest survival and growth rate since months old.Keywords: mangroves, rehabilitation, Rhizophora mucronata, Talaud

The production characteristics of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Ozcan ◽  
B. Ekiz ◽  
A. Ceyhan ◽  
A. Altine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Production Characteristics

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the fertility, milk production and body weight of ewes and the survival and growth characteristics of lambs of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds. The Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds are included among the genetic resources in the project for the conservation of the indigenous breeds in Turkey.Conception rates for Imroz and Kivircik ewes were 57.6% and 81.7% respectively, litter sizes were 1.2 and 1.2 respectively, milk yields were 89 kg and 62 kg respectively and average live weights (2–7 years of age) were 43 kg and 55 kg, respectively. Imroz and Kivircik lambs had survival rates at weaning (90th day) of 98% and 96%, birth weights of 3.3 kg and 4.1 kg and weaning weights of 19.8 kg and 28.0 kg, respectively.The results showed that the Kivircik sheep were heavier and the lambs had a better growth rate until weaning than the Imroz breed. However, the milk production of the Imroz ewes was higher than that of Kivircik. The lambs of both breeds had a satisfactory survival and growth rates until weaning and these results might be regarded as a desired adaptation of the Imroz and Kivircik lambs to the environmental conditions of the Marmara Region.

POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES TO LAMB MILK REPLACER FOR THE ARTIFICIAL REARING OF LAMBS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
General Appearance

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative performance of artificially reared lambs fed four types of liquid diets: (1) lamb milk replacer (LMR) with 24% protein from spray-dried milk products and 24% fat in the dry powder; (2) high quality calf milk replacer (CMR) with 20% protein from spray-dried milk products and 20% fat; (3) fresh cow milk (CM); or (4) equal proportions of LMR and CM (LMR:CM). Average daily gains of lambs fed CMR or CM were lower by 16% and 12%, respectively, and weaning weights were lower by 10% and 5%, respectively, than those of lambs fed LMR. Gains and weaning weights of lambs fed LMR:CM were identical to those fed LMR. Lamb survival was marginally lower among CMR- and CM-fed lambs compared with those fed LMR. There were no observable differences among any of the feeding regimens in the general appearance, thriftiness or well-being of the lambs. The results indicate that, with good management, satisfactory lamb performance under artificial rearing can be achieved with high quality CMR or CM and that under practical conditions lower feed costs could offset the marginal reduction in lamb performance. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing

The effects of varying the quantity and distribution of liquid feed in lambs reared artificially

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Owen ◽  
D. A. R. Davies ◽  
W. J. Ridgman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Measurable Quantity ◽  
Severe Restriction ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
Milk Feeding

SUMMARY1. An experiment to test the effects on growth rate of lambs to 15 kg live weight of 5, 7 or 9 kg of milk replacer powder given according to four systems of daily restriction is described and the results are discussed.2. Although the average age at weaning varied from 18 to 50 days according to treatment, the quantity of milk replacer did not affect the lambs' overall growth rate. Lambs deprived of milk consumed extra concentrates at a rate of 1·75 ± 0·219 kg per kg of milk powder.3. Although severe restriction of the daily allowance markedly reduced the growth of lambs during the milk-feeding period, they subsequently grew at a faster rate and there was no resultant major depression of overall growth rate. The lambs first consumed a measurable quantity of solid food when they were on average 21 days old and this varied little according to treatment.4. It is concluded that under the conditions of this experiment it was not economic to give more than 5 kg of milk powder and that it was not advantageous to adopt distribution systems that delayed weaning much beyond 20 days.5. The applicability of these findings to practice is discussed in relation to the possibility of treatment effects from the rearing period being carried over to the period beyond 15 kg live weight, and also to the possible effects of single penning versus grouping on lamb behaviour.

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