EVALUATION OF HIGH FAT OATS IN RATIONS OF GROWING AND FINISHING RUMINANTS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
H. R. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Growth and digestion trials were conducted to evaluate high fat oats (HFO) with Holstein calves, beef calves, yearling steers and wether sheep. In trial 1, 20 Holstein calves were fed calf starter diets containing either 90.2% HFO or regular oats (RO). Daily feed intake (3.31 vs. 3.23 kg), average daily gain (0.88 vs. 0.81 kg) and feed/gain ratios (3.80 vs. 4.03) were not different (P > 0.05) for the HFO- and RO-fed calves. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) were similar (P > 0.05) for the two treatments; however, digestion coefficient of ether extract (EE) was higher (P < 0.10) for the HFO diet compared to RO diet. In trial 2, 72 beef calves were self-fed diets containing 50% ground barley straw with six treatment grain mixtures (barley, HFO, RO, wheat, barley + faba beans, and RO + 3.6% tallow). Daily feed consumption and feed/gain were not different (P > 0.05) among the six treatments. However, animals receiving barley and 15% faba bean diet gained significantly (P < 0.05) less than the other treatments. In trial 3, 72 finishing steers were assigned to dietary treatments involving barley, RO, HFO, tallow and Ralgro implant. Feed consumption, average daily gain and feed efficiency ratios were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. Addition of tallow to a RO diet fed to wether sheep (trial 4) decreased (P < 0.05) apparent digestibilities of DM and GE but HFO were similar (P > 0.05) in digestibility to RO.

COMPARISON BETWEEN RATIONS OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN: ENERGY RATIO FOR LAMBS WEANED AT THREE OR AT FIFTEEN DAYS OF AGE

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Brisson ◽  
J. P. Lemay
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixty-four lambs, 32 weaned at 3 to 5 days of age and 32 at 15 days of age, were fed milk substitutes up to a liveweight of 25 kg. Half of each group received a ration with a protein:calorie ratio of 38.9 (ration A) and the other half a ration with a ratio of 34.5 (ration B). The gross energy of ration A was 4.7 kcal/g and that of ration B, 5.3 kcal/g. Average daily gain to 8 weeks of age was 238 and 253 g for the lambs fed rations A and B, respectively. Feed consumption was slightly higher for the lambs fed ration A. Dressing-out percentage was 52 for the lambs fed ration A and 56 for those fed ration B. The lambs weaned at 15 days had higher dressing-out percentages (P < 0.05). The percentage of carcasses which graded A was 33% for ration B and only 15% for ration A.

The interaction between cereal type and lactose level on piglet performance and diet digestibility post weaning

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. O'Connell ◽  
J. J. Callan ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractBoth barley and wheat contain anti-nutritive factors such as glucans and xylans respectively. However, β-glucans have been shown to promote lactic acid bacteria in the large intestine and this would be very beneficial in the absence of in-diet antimicrobial growth promoter. A 2 × 2 factorial was used to investigate the interaction between cereal type (wheatv. barley) and lactose inclusion (170v. 275 g/kg) on piglet performance post weaning. Two hundred and sixteen weaned piglets (24 days of age, 6·0 kg weight) were blocked on the basis of weight and were assigned to one of four dietary treatments. The treatments were as follows (T1) 170 g/kg lactose and wheat, (T2) 275 g/kg lactose and wheat, (T3) 170 g/kg lactose, wheat and 200 g/kg barley and (T4) 275 g/kg lactose, wheat and 200 g/kg barley. The diets were formulated to have identical concentrations of digestible energy (16 MJ/kg) and total lysine (16 g/kg). The pigs were offered the diets ad libitum for 33 days post weaning. There was a significant interaction (P< 0·05) between cereal source and lactose level in average daily gain (ADG). In wheat-based diets the inclusion of 275 gkg lactose resulted in a significant improvement in ADG, compared with the 170 g/kg lactose inclusion. However, in barley-based diets the inclusion of 275 g/kg lactose significantly (P< 0·05) reduced ADG. There was no significant effect of cereal type or lactose level on food intake or food conversion ratio (FCR). The inclusion of 275 g/kg lactose significantly reduced nitrogen digestibility (P< 0·01). In barley-based diets, the high level of lactose inclusion depressed digestibilities of dry matter (P< 0·01), organic matter (P< 0·05) and gross energy (P< 0·05) compared with low lactose inclusion. However, in wheat-based diets, lactose level had no significant effect. In conclusion, improvements in performance were achieved up to 275 g/kg lactose in wheat-based diets. However, in barley-based diets a dietary lactose level of 170 g/kg was adequate.

scholarly journals Effect of wet/dry, fresh liquid, fermented whole diet liquid, and fermented cereal liquid feeding on feed microbial quality and growth in grow-finisher pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M O’ Meara ◽  
Gillian E Gardiner ◽  
John V O’ Doherty ◽  
David Clarke ◽  
Wayne Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liquid Feeding ◽  
Amino Acid Degradation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Abstract Fermented liquid feeding has proved beneficial for weaner pigs; however, there is limited research on its effect on the growth and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) of grow-finisher pigs. Microbial decarboxylation of amino acids is associated with whole diet fermentation, while wet/dry and liquid feeding reportedly improve growth compared with dry feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wet/dry feeding and fresh, fermented whole diet, and fermented cereal liquid feeding on pig growth, feed efficiency, and carcass quality in grow-finisher pigs. Pigs were allocated to one of four dietary treatments in two experiments: 1) Single-space wet/dry feeders (WET/DRY), 2) Fresh liquid feeding (FRESH), 3) Fermented cereal liquid feeding where the cereal fraction (38% barley, 40% wheat) of the diet was fermented prior to feeding (FERM-CER), and 4) Fermented whole diet liquid feeding where the whole diet was fermented prior to feeding (FERM-WH). In exp. 1, pigs were fed the experimental diets for 68 d prior to slaughter (29.8 kg ± 0.92 SE to 102.3 kg ± 0.76 SE). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was 1,094, 1,088, 1,110, and 955 g/d (SE = 13.0; P &lt; 0.001) and FCE was 2.26, 2.37, 2.40, and 2.88 (SE = 0.031; P &lt; 0.001) for treatments one through four, respectively. Pigs fed FERM-WH were lighter at slaughter than pigs fed the other three treatments (P &lt; 0.001). In exp. 2, pigs were on treatment for 26 d prior to slaughter (85.3 kg ± 1.69 SE to 117.5 kg ± 0.72 SE). Overall, ADG in exp. 2 was 1,103, 1,217, 1,284, and 1,140 g/d (SE = 27.9; P &lt; 0.01) and FCE was 2.78, 2.99, 2.95, and 3.09 g/g (SE = 0.071; P = 0.05), for treatments one through four, respectively. There were no significant differences observed between treatments for apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, gross energy, or ash. Higher lactic acid bacteria counts and lower Enterobacteriaceae counts and pH were observed in FERM-CER and FERM-WH compared with WET/DRY and FRESH. Ethanol concentrations were almost 4-fold higher in FERM-CER troughs than FRESH troughs and 5-fold higher in FERM-WH than FRESH troughs. To conclude, FERM-WH resulted in poorer growth and FCE compared with WET/DRY, FRESH, and FERM-CER, probably due to amino acid degradation and a loss in gross energy found in FERM-WH.

scholarly journals PSIV-9 Effect of carbohydrases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbiota in weanling pigs fed reduced energy diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 179-180
Author(s):  
Jemin Ahn ◽  
Xiang Ao ◽  
Haoyang Sun ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of carbohydrases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbiota in weanling pigs fed reduced energy diet. A total of 160 cross-bred [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc)] weanling pigs with an initial BW of 7.23 ± 1.08 kg were used in this 42-day trial. Pigs were randomly allocated in 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments: (1) PC, positive diet (NE 2,545 kcal/kg); (2) NC, negative diet (NE 2470 kcal/kg); (3) NC1, NC + 0.1% carbohydrases; (4) NC2, NC + 0.2% carbohydrases based on the sex and BW. There were 8 replications (pens) per treatment with 5 pigs per pen. During d 0-7, pigs fed NC diet had lower (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than those fed PC and NC2 diets. NC group reduced (P < 0.05) ADG throughout the experiment compared with PC and NC2 groups. NC group reduced (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy. Taken together, reduced energy diet caused detrimental effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanlings, while the addition of carbohydrases (0.2%) can partially counteract these negative effects.

Performance of weanling pigs offered low or high lactose diets supplemented with avilamycin or inulin

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Pierce ◽  
J. J. Callan ◽  
P. McCarthy ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractOne hundred and eighty piglets (24 days old, 6·0 kg live weight) were used to investigate interactions between lactose, avilamycin and inulin on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets. The piglets were blocked on the basis of live weight and within each block assigned to one of six dietary treatments (six replicates (pens) per treatment). The piglets were offered diets containing either a low (175 g/kg) or high (295 g/kg) lactose levels with one of the following food additives (1) 0 supplementation (2) avilamycin (60 mg/kg) or (3) inulin (15 g/kg) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The starter diets were offered for 21 days and all diets contained chromium III oxide at 150 p. p. m. There was an interaction (P< 0·05) between lactose level and both avilamycin and inulin on average daily gain (ADG) during the starter period (days 0 to 21). The pigs receiving 295 g/kg lactose level had a higher overall ADG than pigs receiving 175 g/kg lactose level. However, there was no difference between 295 g/kg lactose and 175 g/kg lactose in ADG when the diets were supplemented with avilamycin or inulin. There was an interaction between lactose level and inulin in the apparent digestibility of gross energy (GE) and nitrogen (N) (P< 0·05). The inclusion of inulin with 175 g/kg lactose increased GE digestibility compared with the 175 g/kg lactose only diet. However, the inclusion of inulin with 295 g/kg lactose had no effect on GE digestibility. The inclusion of inulin with 295 g/kg lactose reduced N digestibility compared with the inclusion of inulin at 175 g/kg lactose. However, there was no difference in N digestibility between 175 and 295 g/kg lactose only diets. In conclusion, there was no benefit in terms of pig growth rate to supplementing diets high in lactose with either inulin or avilamycin. However, the inclusion of inulin improved the energy digestibility of diets low in lactose.

Additional nutritional considerations for preconditioning beef calves.

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipe Moriel
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Daily Gain

Calves can be preconditioned using a wide variety of supplemental feed ingredients. However, feed ingredient selection is not the only factor to consider during a preconditioning process. Increasing the protein supply to stressed, preconditioning beef steers led to greater growth performance, and increased immune response to vaccination during a 42-day preconditioning period. Producers should not reduce the frequency of concentrate supplementation during the entire preconditioning period as it might lead to poorer vaccine response and average daily gain (consequently, less calf value at sale). However, a gradual reduction of frequency of supplementation is a supplementation strategy that can overcome these negative effects on growth and immunity, and allows producers to save on feeding and labor costs without producing lighter calves that have weaker immune responses.  

scholarly journals Effects of Fumonisin-Contaminated Corn on Growth Performance of 9 to 28 kg Nursery Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D. Tokach ◽  
Jason C. Woodworth ◽  
Joel M. DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D. Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Fumonisin contamination in corn is an emerging issue in animal feed production. Fumonisin disrupts the metabolism of sphingolipids and reduces growth performance. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding fumonisin-contaminated corn on growth performance and sphinganine (SA) to sphingosine (SO) ratios of 9 to 28 kg pigs. A total of 350 pigs, were used with 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. Dietary treatments contained fumonisin-contaminated corn (50 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) blended with low fumonisin corn (10 mg/kg of fumonisin B1 + B2) to provide dietary fumonisin concentrations of 7.2, 14.7, 21.9, 32.7, and 35.1 mg/kg. From day 0 to 28, increasing fumonisin concentration decreased (linear, p < 0.001) average daily gain, average daily feed intake (linear, p = 0.055), and gain:feed ratio (linear, p = 0.016). Although these response criteria tested linear, the greatest reduction in performance was in pigs fed with 32.7 and 35.1 mg/kg of fumonisin (B1 + B2). Increasing fumonisin concentration increased the serum SA:SO ratio (linear, p < 0.001) on day 14 and 28. In summary, for 9 to 28 kg nursery pigs, increasing fumonisin linearly decreased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio. However, despite the linear response, diets containing up to 21.9 mg/kg of fumonisin did not have as dramatic a decrease in growth performance as those fed more than 32.7 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to determine the effect of fumonisin concentrations between 21.9 and 32.7 mg/kg.

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Holstein dairy calves fed two levels of crude protein with methionine and lysine

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
M. Niroumand ◽  
K. Rezayazdi ◽  
M. Ganjkhanlou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Immunoglobin G ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to investigate various levels of crude protein (CP) in starter diets and their supplementation with amino acids (AAs) on efficiency, health, and serum metabolites of dairy calves. Ninety-six newborn Holstein calves were allocated to eight treatments, namely T1) 18% CP unsupplemented starter, T2) T1 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T3) T1 with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, T4) T1 with additional 20% lysine, T5) 22% CP unsupplemented starter, T6) T5 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T7) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, and T8) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine. Consumption of the starter was not influenced by the level of CP. Calves that received the unsupplemented 22% CP starter had higher average daily gain (ADG) and final weight. But no significant differences among diets were found in feed efficiency. Skeletal growth did not exhibit a clear trend. Calves that received T3 had fewer bouts of diarrhea and reduced body temperature. However, there were no significant dietary effects on immunoglobin G (IgG) or total protein concentration in blood. T1–T3 decreased serum urea concentration. Thus, use of T3 resulted in an improved amino acid balance, and was less expensive than the 22% CP starter.Keywords: amino acid, feed intake, immunity, pre-ruminant calf

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ADDITIVE” DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Desben Kogoya ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
L J Rumokoy ◽  
M N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Daily Gain

UTILIZATION OF “GEDI LEAF (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) AS“ADDITIVE” IN DRINKING WATER RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN SUPER NATIVE CHICKEN. Research was done to evaluate the performance of Indonesian super native chicken treated with “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) as“Additive” in drinking water. Study was conducted using hundred individuals of the Indonesian super native day old chicken. The juice of “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) was given as in forms of the four treatments as follows, drinking water without “Gedi” leaf as control (P0), drinking water with 10 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P1), drinking water with 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P2), and drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3). Treatments were applied to the birds at 6 weeks old by completely randomized design five replications at each treatment. Data were taken during 5 weeks. Feeds were using 73 percents of commercial feed added by 10 percents of corn and 17 percents of rice bran with nutritional composition of crude protein 19.49 percents, crude fiber 4.66 percents, fat 3.63 percents, Calcium 1.02 percents, Phosphorus 0.66 percents and metabolic energy of 2920 kcal/kg, all given ad libitum. Variables measurement were focused on feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. Results showed that drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3) was not significantly different with other treatments for feed and drinking water consumption, except for average daily gain and feed conversion. The treatments of P1 and P2 were not significantly different for average daily gain, but these treatments were higher in average daily gain compared with control (P0). The highest value of feed conversion was obtained at treatment P3 and the lowest value was found at treatment P1. These values indicated that the best feed conversion was treatment P1. Therefore, it can be concluded that juice of “Gedi” leaf can be used as the alternative additive feed in drinking water up to 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water in term of high average daily gain and feed conversion of Indonesian super native chicken. Key words: Drinking water, “Gedi” leaf, Indonesian super native chicken.

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