THE FEEDING VALUE OF TARTARY BUCKWHEAT FOR RUMINANTS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
R. McQUEEN ◽  
E. A. GRANT ◽  
P. L. BURGESS
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Total Crude Protein ◽  
Barley Protein

The average composition (dry matter basis) of 14 samples of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) grown in New Brunswick in 1975 was crude protein 10.2 ± 0.25%, neutral detergent fiber 32.2 ± 1.3%, acid detergent fiber 22.4 ± 0.4%, crude fiber 16.3 ± 0.4% and lysine 5.8% of the total crude protein. The digestibility coefficients determined with sheep for buckwheat dry matter (67.5%) and energy (64.1%) were about 85% of the values obtained for barley. The apparent digestibility of buckwheat protein was 53.8% as compared to 71% for barley protein. Processing the buckwheat by dry-rolling or pelleting-whole did not affect its digestibility. There was no significant difference in rate of gain of steers fed corn silage ad libitum and equal amounts (2.1 kg/day) of digestible dry matter from steam-rolled barley or pelleted-whole buckwheat. Steers fed dry-rolled buckwheat failed to consume the total daily allowance of 3.6 kg of buckwheat and did not gain as fast (P < 0.01) as those fed the barley (0.98 vs. 1.11 kg/day). It was concluded that tartary buckwheat is a satisfactory grain substitute for ruminant animals and has about 85% of the digestible energy content of barley. Pelleted-whole buckwheat was more palatable than the dry-rolled form.

scholarly journals Nutritional diversity of agricultural and agro-industrial by-products for ruminant feeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1246-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.G. Azevêdo ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
D.S. Pina ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
L.G.R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
By Products

Fifty-seven by-products were collected from regions throughout Brazil. Chemical composition, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were determined with the objective of grouping by-products with similar nutritional characteristics. The by-products belonging to group one (G1) presented the highest content of neutral detergent fiber exclusive of ash and nitrogenous compounds [aNDFom(n)] and lowest energy content, with 42.5% and 38.8% of IVNDFD and TDN, respectively. A new cluster analysis was carried in order to better characterize G2 by-products, six subgroups (SGs) were established (SG1 to SG6). SG1 by-products had the highest and the lowest values for lignin and TDN, respectively. SG2 by-products had the highest aNDFom(n) value, with TDN and IVNDFD values greater than 600 and 700g/kg, respectively, and crude protein (CP) value below 200g/kg in dry matter (DM). Among all the subgroups, SG3 had the highest TDN (772g/kg) and IVNDFD (934g/kg) values and the lowest lignin (23g/kg in DM) value. The ether extract was what most influenced the hierarchical establishment of residual grouping in SG4. SG5 by-products had the highest concentration of non-fibrous carbohydrate. Different from the other subgroups, SG6 by-products had the highest value of available CP.

scholarly journals Fermentation characteristics and nutritive values of sorghum silages

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 34458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Taciana Veriato ◽  
Daniel Ananias De Assis Pires ◽  
Daniela Cangussú Tolentino ◽  
Dorismar David Alves ◽  
Diogo Conzaga Jayme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Yielding ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

The objective of this study was to select sorghum genotypes for silage production. The study was carried out at Embrapa Maize & Sorghum’s experimental field. Planting was performed in randomized blocks, with three replicates and the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The material was ensilaged in laboratory silos opened after 56 days for analysis concerning fermentation and bromatological composition. Only crude protein showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), with an overall mean of 8.88%. The other variables presented significant differences (p < 0.05): pH (3.34 to 3.94); Aw (0.93 to 0.98); N-NH 3/TN (1.61 to 6.56%); green matter yield (12.05 to 34.14 t ha-1); dry matter yield (6.19 to 11.42 t ha-1); dry matter (26.89 to 49.95%); ashes (4.08 to 6.88%); neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (47.67 to 65.79%); acid detergent fiber (16.62 to 35.89%); hemicellulose:cellulose (1.07 to 2.71%); lignin (2.03 to 6.52%), digestible dry matter yield (3.70 to 7.41 t ha-1) and dry matter digestibility (56.36 to 72.67%). Based on digestible dry matter yield, the genotypes: male 201191 and hybrids 2012F47484, 2012F47515 and 2012F47525 stood out in relation to the others for showing good yielding, adequate nutritional value, with low dry matter and NDF levels coupled with high digestibility values and good fermentation patterns of the silages. 

scholarly journals Potential of Recycling Cauliflower and Romanesco Wastes in Ruminant Feeding: In Vitro Studies

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad de Evan ◽  
Andrea Vintimilla ◽  
Eduarda Molina-Alcaide ◽  
María Ranilla ◽  
María Carro
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The nutritive values for ruminants of cauliflower (CAU) and Romanesco (ROM) wastes (leaves, stems and sprouts) were assessed by analyzing their chemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. In addition, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets containing increasing amounts of CAU was studied. The dry matter (DM) content of leaves, stems and sprouts of both vegetables was lower than 10%, but they contained high crude protein (CP; 19.9 to 33.0%) and sugar (16.3 to 28.7%) levels, and low neutral detergent fiber (21.6 to 32.3%). Stems and sprouts were more rapidly and extensively fermented in the rumen than leaves, but there were only minor differences the fermentation profiles of both vegetables. The estimated metabolizable energy content ranged from 9.3 (leaves) to 10.8 (sprouts) MJ/kg DM. The CP rumen degradability (12-h in situ incubations) was greater than 80.0% for all fractions, and the in vitro intestinal digestibility of CP ranged from 85.7 to 93.2%. The inclusion of up to 24% of dried CAU in the concentrate of a mixed diet (40:60 alfalfa hay:concentrate) increased the in vitro rumen fermentation of the CAU diet, but did not affect methane (CH4) production, indicating the lack of antimethanogenic compounds in CAU.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of the silage obtained from the uniformization pruning in intensive silvopastoral systems

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan David Londoño-Carmona ◽  
Liliana Mahecha-Ledezma ◽  
Joaquín Angulo-Arizala
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the nutritional composition of the silage made from the material collected from the uniformization pruning in an intensive SSP with buttercup. (Tithonia diversifolia) y tilo (Sambucus nigra), and mixed in different proportions with sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and King grass (Pennisetum hybridum), using a commercial additive of lactic acid bacteria and ruiminal content (rumination). Six treatments were evaluated with five repetitions and a weight of 10 kg per treatment, distributed as follows: T1:  25% T. diversifolia + 25% S. nigra + 50% S. officinarum with commercial additive (BTCac), T2: T1 with ruiminal content (BTCru), T3: 25% T. diversifolia + 25% S. nigra + 50% + P. hybridum with commercial additive (BTPac), T4: T3 with ruiminal content (BTPru) T5: 25% T. diversifolia + 25% S. nigra + 25% S. officinarum + 25% P. hybridum with commercial additive (BTCPac), T6: T5 with ruiminal content (BTCPru). With the obtained data an asymmetric factorial design of two levels was carried out, the analyzed variables were: dry matter (MS), ash (CEN), crude protein (PC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin (LIG) processed by NIRS , through agreement U of A - DaryCaby and pH. The CEN presented significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments BTCac (11.92%), BTCru (11.62%) and BTCPac (14.76%), BTCPru (14.80%), BTPac (14 , 66%), BTPru (13.86%), but not between additives or interaction between treatment and additives, the NDF presented significant difference (p = 0.0375) among additives (58.08% and 60.39% commercial and ruiminal content respectively), but not between treatments or interaction between additive and treatments, lignin (LIG) presented a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments BTCac (5.1%) and BTCPru (7.5%) ), BTPac (7.6%), BTPru (6.8%), and interaction between additive and treatments and there was no significant difference between treatments, the pH presented a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments BTCac (4.1), BTCru (4.2) and BTCPac (4.7), BTCPru (4.6), BTPac (4.6), BTPru (4.8), and there was no difference between additives or interaction between additive and treatments, the MS and Pc did not present a significant difference among treatments, or interaction between additive and treatments, with averages of 16.5% and 10.7% respectively.

NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR PREDICTING FORAGE COMPOSITION AND VOLUNTARY CONSUMPTION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN CATTLE AND SHEEP

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. REDSHAW ◽  
R. D. WEISENBURGER ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIR) measurements were made on 82 samples of legume (alfalfa and clover), grass (brome, timothy, reed canary grass and meadow foxtail) and legume-grass mixtures using a Neotec model 6100 scanning monochromator. Data on the forages, used for establishing NIR calibrations for predictive relationships and appraising them, were chemical composition and measurements of digestibility and voluntary consumption for cattle and sheep. The primary wavelengths selected by multiple regression techniques were similar to those obtained by other researchers for crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus. Similar primary wavelengths were selected for prediction of digestibility and voluntary intake (g kg−0.75) of forages for cattle and sheep, but those selected for voluntary intake on the basis of percentage of body weight differed between animal species. The wavelengths which best predicted animal intake and digestibility in our trials differed from those reported by other researchers. Crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, lignin, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and ash concentrations in forage were predicted with standard errors of 1.0, 2.2, 2.9, 1.1, 0.07, 0.15, 0.02, and 1.2%, respectively. The accuracy of predictions for these chemical constituents was similar to that reported by other workers. Digestible energy content, dry matter digestibility, voluntary intake and digestible energy intake of hays by cattle were predicted with standard errors of prediction of 0.59 MJ kg, 2.4%, 7.6 g DM kg−0.75, and 79 kJ kg−0.75, respectively. Corresponding values for sheep were 0.96, 4.4, 6.3 and 128. The quantitative importance of variability in animal data in the calibration of the NIR procedure was discussed. This variability accounted for about one-half of the variability of NIR prediction of voluntary DM and digestible energy intake of cattle. This proportion was reduced to approximately one-quarter and one-sixth for digestibility of dry matter and digestible energy content of feed, respectively. Key words: Cattle, sheep, forages, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, nutritive value

scholarly journals Efecto de la densidad de siembra sobre el rendimiento y calidad del forraje de maíz.

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Elizondo ◽  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Different Parts

The experiment was condunted at the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica, located at 1542 meters above sea level. The purpose was to determine the effect of plant density on total forage mass and the nutritive value of corn. Three diferent plant distances were used: 30 x 70 cm, 50 x 70 cm and 70 x 70 cm resulting in 47619, 28600 and 20449 plants per hectare, respectively. The first sampling was taken out 42 days after establishment and every two weeks thereafter, until 126 days. Dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin were analyzed for different parts of the plant. The values for celulose and hemicelulose were calculated. Total forage mass (kg/ha) was greater at higher plant densities. Dry matter content of leaves was higher than in stems, all of the plant densities. No significant difference (P<0,05) was found for crude protein content in the different parts of the plant. ADF was always higher in stems than in leaves. Stage of growth considerably affects biomass yield and nutritional quality of fodder. Before 70 days the dry matter content in leaves was higher than in stems. Latter accumulation of dry matter in stems was greater than in leaves. Crude protein content in leaves was over 18% during the first 70 days, then decreases a level of 13% at the end of the period. The lowest value of ADF was found before 84 days in leaves and stems. Under the enviromental conditions of this experiment, it appears that plant densities of about 48000 plants per hectare are optimal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

EFFECTS OF DESICCATED THYROID ON NON-ESTROGENIZED AND ESTROGENIZED SEXUALLY IMMATURE PULLETS

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Moo-Young ◽  
K. A. McCully ◽  
R. H. Common
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Total Crude Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Liver Tissues

Inclusion of 0.5 per cent desiccated thyroid in the food of unestrogenized immature pullets for 14 days reduced thyroid weight, reduced serum Ca slightly but significantly, increased liver total crude protein, liver total DNAP and total RNAP, but did not alter the ratio RNAP:DNAP in the liver. These results are regarded as indicative of stimulation of growth of liver tissues by the thyroidal treatment.Daily intramuscular, injection of 1.0 mg. estradiol benzoate for 14 days greatly increased serum Ca and liver total crude protein, increased slightly liver total DNAP and increased greatly liver total RNAP and ratio RNAP: DNAP in the liver. The thyroidal treatment reduced estrogen-induced increase of serum Ca and of liver crude protein but did not alter significantly the effects of estrogen on liver DNAP and RNAP.The thyroidal treatment increased kidney weight in both unestrogenized and estrogenized pullets.Estrogen treatment increased kidney weight and the percentage of dry matter in the kidney.The thyroidal treatment did not affect the degree of estrogen-induced hypertrophy of the oviduct.

scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization with fluid swine slurry on production and nutritive value of Tifton 85

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Vielmo ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of liquid swine slurry on dry matter accumulation rate and nutritive values (crude proten and neutral detergent fiber) of Tifton 85 grass pasture cultivated in southwestern Paraná from October 2005 to March 2006. It was used a complete random experimental design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme composed of four doses of swine slurry in the plots (0, 80, 160 and 320 m³/ha) and four consecutive cuts in the subplots of the pasture. It was carried out two applications, one in the beginning of the experiment and other after 80 days. Cuts were performed every time pasture height was 40 cm. There was a dose versus cut interaction for all variables. Swine slurry promoted increase on dry matter accumulation rate only on the first cut after its application (cuts 1 and 3). Dry matter maximal yield (24.2 t/ha) was obtained at 249 m³/ha of swine slurry manure (143 and 106 m³/ha, respectively for applications 1 and 2), corresponding to 450 kg of N/ha. Percentage of crude protein increases and neutral detergent fiber of Tifton 85 grass decreases as dose of swine slurry increases, improving forage nutritive value. Use efficiency and nitrogen recovery rate decrease with addition of swine slurry doses.

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