RAPESEED PROTEIN SOURCES AND AMINO ACID SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIETS FOR WEANLING RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
D. M. WALKER ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Rapeseed Protein ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Rat Growth

The nutritive values of heated or unheated rapeseed flours (RF), and heated rapeseed protein concentrate (RPC) were determined with weanling rats. Dehulled Bronowski rapeseed (Brassica napus) was solvent-extracted and ground to prepare the RF. It was heated, water- and solvent-extracted and ground to prepare the RPC. Rats were fed ad libitum for 26 days on diets containing 1.6% total nitrogen (dry matter basis) in three different experiments. A diet containing casein was used as a standard for experiment 1. Weight gains (g/day), dry matter intakes (g/day) and weight gain/protein intake for rats in experiment 1 fed the various diets were: casein, 2.71, 9.4, 2.82; unheated RF, 3.30, 10.8, 3.48; and RPC, 4.03, 11.6, 3.89. A diet containing heated RF increased (P < 0.01) rat weight gains (3.95 vs. 3.19 g/day), feed intakes and weight gain/protein intake compared with the unheated RF diet. The addition of one or more limiting amino acids, based on chemical analysis (lysine, methionine, isoleucine) to the RPC diet caused no significant increase in rat weight gains or weight gain/protein intake. Lysine added to the unheated RF diet (total lysine 7.9 g/16 g nitrogen) reduced weight gains and feed intakes by rats (P < 0.05). Liver hypertrophy in rats fed the unheated RF diet was reduced by heating the RF (6.9 vs. 6.3 g/100 g body weight). Livers from rats fed the casein and RPC diets were 5.2 and 5.9 g/100 g body weight. These results show that RPC has a high nutritive value for rat growth, and that heating and water extraction increase the feeding value of RF.

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION RATES TO GRASS ON FORAGE YIELDS, BODY WEIGHT GAINS, FEED UTILIZATION, AND VITAMIN A STATUS OF STEERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The dry matter yield of grass forage was increased linearly with nitrogen fertilizer levels of zero, 56, and 112 kg per hectare applied annually in the spring of 1961, 1962, and 1963. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the nutritive value of mature grass forage as indicated by voluntary dry matter intake and body weight gains of beef steers. The apparent digestibility of crude protein increased and that of dry matter and nitrogen-free extract decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Digestibility of crude fiber and ether extract were not altered significantly by nitrogen levels. Forage-carotenes sustained relatively high liver vitamin A levels over a 100-day feeding period. Nitrogen levels had little effect on the rate of liver vitamin A depletion.

Influence of phosphorus content on feed intake and weight gain in sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ozanne ◽  
DB Purser ◽  
KMW Howes ◽  
I Southey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In two experiments penned sheep were fed the dry residues from subterranean clover based pastures. Phosphorus levels in the pelleted residues, produced by varying the rate of superphosphate application, ranged from 0.07 to 0.23 per cent. In addition, a high phosphorus ration was produced by the addition of inorganic phosphate salts. This supplement raised the phosphorus concentration from 0.07 to 0.30 per cent of dry matter. In both experiments, increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the dry feed by higher fertilizer rates resulted in: increased dry matter intake; increased percentage of dry matter digested (at least in one experiment) ; more phosphorus retained by the sheep (although on feed containing 0.1 1 per cent phosphorus or less, losses still exceeded gains) ; and increased body weight gains. Increasing the phosphorus content of the feed by use of an inorganic supplement gave: a smaller increase in dry matter intake; decreased digestibility; positive phosphorus balances; and an increase in body weight gain of about half that given by unsupplemented feed high in phosphorus. The results indicate that for maximum animal production, phosphorus concentrations needed in the dry feed are higher than those produced by fertilizing legume-based pastures at the lowest rate that gives maximum dry matter production. Near linear responses in body weight gains were obtained up to phosphate fertilizer rates of about three times those needed for maximum pasture yield.

scholarly journals Use of Agriculture Byproduct and Swamp Grass as Matterial for Ammoniation of Total Mixed Fiber in Ration on Ballinese Cattle Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
A. Imsya ◽  
Muhakka Muhakka ◽  
F. Yossi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Daily Body Weight

ABSTRACT. This study was design to evaluated about  the using of total mixed fiber ammoniation  (TMFA) in ration on Ballinese beef performance. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design  (CRD) consisting of 4 types of treatmentt ration based on TMFA  usage level and 3 replications. The treatmentts were  R1 = 60% native grass (Control), R2 = 20% TMFA + 40% native grass, R3 = 40% TMFA + 20% native grass, R4 = 60% TMFA. The ration is added  with a 40% concentrate to obtain 100% ration. The comparison between forage and concentrate is 60:40. Parameters measured in vivo are performance   (ration intake, dry matter intake, crude protein intake, daily body weight gain and  ration efficiency).  The results showed that treatmentt significantly influenced (P <0.05) on  ration intake, dry matter intake, daily body weight gain and ration efficiency, but the treatmentt unsignificantly influenced (P>0.05) on crude protein intake. It can be concluded that the use of 60% TMF ammoniation in the ration shows the best result, that is  ration intake 6.89 kg/head/day, dry matter intake 6.25 kg / head / day, daily weight gain 0.47 kg / head / day and efficiency of ration 7.42%.Pemanfaatan Hasil Samping Pertanian dan Rumput Rawa  sebagai Bahan Amoniasi Total Mixed Fiber  (TMF) dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa Sapi BaliABSTRAK. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pemanfaatan amoniasi Total Mixed Fiber (TMFA) dalam ransum terhadap performa sapi Bali. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari R1= 60% rumput Raja (control),   R2 = 20% TMFA + 40% rumput Raja, R3 = 40% TMFA + 20% Rumput Raja, R4 = 60% TMFA.  Ransum ditambah 40% konsentrat untuk memperoleh 100% ransum. Perbandingan hijauan dan konsentrat adalah 60:40. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi ransum, konsumsi bahan kering, konsumsi protein kasar, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi ransum. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0.05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, konsumsi bahan kering, pertambahan bobot badan dan efisiensi ransum, namun perlakuan tidak memberi pengaruh yang nyata (P>0.05) terhadap konsumsi protein. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah  pemakaian amoniasi TMF 60% dalam ransum memberikan hasil terbaik dengan konsumsi ransum 6.89kg/ekor/hari, konsumsi bahan kering 6.25/kg/ekor/hari, pertambahan berat badan 0.47kg/ekor/hari dan efisiensi ransum 7.42%.

Energy/protein ratio in natural ingredient diets for weanling rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. López ◽  
C. Garća
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Weanling Rats

The effect of 3 levels of Digestible Energy (DE; 100, 90 and 80% of NRC Recommendations) and 3 different Energy/Protein ratios (EPR; 63, 71 and 79 kJ DE/g Crude Protein [CP] were studied in a 3 - 3 factorial design using 8 weanling rats per group and diets formulated with natural ingredients. A 20% reduction in DE level decreased significantly energy and protein intake and daily weight gain, and increased the feed intake/body weight gain ratio without affecting protein or energy conversion ratios. Wider values of EPR brought about a decrease in protein intake and CP/body weight gain ratio, with no effect on feed and energy intakes, conversion ratios, nor weight gain. At the protein levels used, energy but not protein concentration of diet, determined growth rate; with the natural ingredient diets used, up to 10% reduction in DE level may be compensated for; wider EPR values led to more efficient utilization of dietary protein.

Digestibility of Nutrients as Influenced by Supplementation of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes in Dry Non-pregnant Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M, Lunagariya ◽  
R. S. Gupta ◽  
S. V. Shah ◽  
Y. G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The study was planned to evaluate the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) supplementation for 56 days @ 240 mg/kg total mixed ration (TMR) on digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in dairy cows. Six dry non-pregnant cows were assigned in each treatment with and without EFE. The digestibility trial of seven days was conducted after 49 days of feeding. Dry matter and nutrients intake of cows was not influenced by EFE. The supplementation of EFE had improved digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose (p less than 0.01), as well as digestibility of nitrogen-free extract and acid detergent fiber, was also higher (pless than 0.05). The body weight gain of cows was higher on the supplementation of EFE in TMR. The study concluded that feeding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (240 mg/kg) supplemented TMR improved digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, which was reflected as higher body weight gain in dry non-pregnant Gir and crossbred dairy cows.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RAPESEED OIL ON WEIGHT GAIN, AND OF GOLDEN RAPESEED OIL ON REPRODUCTION, OF THE RAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare ◽  
E. R. W. Gregory ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Reproduction Study

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.

scholarly journals Excretions of Urinary Creatinine on Young and Mature Kacang Goat under Different Feeding Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Nurul Mukminah ◽  
Edy Rianto ◽  
Endang Purbowati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Feeding Level

Abstract. This study was aimed to examine the excretion of urinary creatinine in young and mature Kacang goat bucks under different feeding levels. This study used 16 Kacang goat bucks consisting of 2 groups of age, i.e. eight young bucks (aged 6-7 months, weighed 12.75±2.68 kg) and 8 mature bucks (age 9-12 months, weighed 17.34±3.32 kg). The bucks were fed pelleted complete feed containing 78.82% dry matter (DM), 18.80% crude protein (CP), and 76.29% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The bucks were allocated into a 2x2 nested design with four replications. The treatment was the amount of  2.24% dry matter intake  (T1) and 4.48% of body weight (BW) (T2) for the young goat, while the mature buck was 1.87% and 3.74%, respectively. The results showed that DM, CP and TDN intake were significant different across ages and highly significantly different between feeding levels. Changes of urinary creatinine from week 0–12 showed no differences in the age group (142 mg/dl) and feeding level (143 mg/dl). Conclusively, age and feed level affected body weight, feed intake and creatinine excretion of Kacang Goat.  The more body weight gain (age) and feed level, the more urinal creatinine excretion in male Kacang goat. Key words: Kacang goat, ages, feeding level, and creatinine Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kadar kreatinin pada kambing Kacang muda dan dewasa dengan jumlah pemberian pakan yang berbeda. Materi berupa 16 ekor kambing Kacang jantan, terdiri dari 8 ekor umur muda (6-7 bulan) dan 8 ekor umur dewasa (9-12 bulan). Pakan komplit yang diberikan memiliki kandungan bahan kering (BK) 78,82%, protein kasar (PK) 18,80%, dan total digestible nutrients (TDN) 76,29%. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah pola tersarang 2x2 dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan pakan berupa jumlah BK pakan yang diberikan yaitu 2,24% bobot badan (BB) (T1) dan 4,48% BB (T2) untuk kambing muda, sedangkan kambing dewasa sebesar 1,87% BB (T1) dan 3,74% BB (T2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi BK, PK dan TDN berbeda nyata pada kelompok umur dan berbeda sangat nyata pada perlakuan pakan. Kadar kreatinin pada minggu ke 0-6 tidak berbeda nyata, namun pada minggu ke 12 berbeda nyata baik kelompok umur maupun akibat perlakuan pakan. Perubahan kadar kreatinin dari minggu ke 0-12 menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak nyata pada kelompok umur dan perlakuan pakan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar kreatinin semakin meningkat dengan semakin meningkatnya bobot badan (umur) dan pakan ternak. Kata kunci : kambing Kacang, umur, level pakan, dan kreatinin

scholarly journals Effects of poultry manure and nitrogen rates from two production systems on dry matter yield, and nutritive value of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 378-384
Author(s):  
M. Baba ◽  
I. Lamir ◽  
I. Abdullahi ◽  
M. S. Sadique
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The experiment was conducted at screen house of Centre for Dry land Agriculture, Bayero University Kano, in the year 2016. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of poultry manure and nitrogen rates from battery cage and deep litter systems on dry matter yield, morphological characteristics and forage quality of Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Sorghum almum seeds were sown in 32 plastic containers (dimensions 26 cm height, 28 cm top width and 20cm base width) perforated at the bottom containing 12 kg mixture of sandy and loamy soil in ratio of 1:3. The treatments consisted of poultry manure from two production systems (Battery cage and Deep litter) and nitrogen rates (50, 60, 70 and 80 kgN/ha) in a 2x4 factorial combined in a completely randomized design. Parameters measured were dry matter yield, number of tillers and stem diameter at the late boot stage of Sorghum almum, in addition, forage quality parameters (CP, ADF NDF, digestible dry matter (DDM) dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight (DMI) and relative feud value (RFV)) were also evaluated. The results revealed no significant (p>0.05) difference between battery cage and deep litter fertilized Sorghum almum but deep litter fertilized Sorghum almum had numerically higher dry matter yield (5062.30 kg/ha) than battery cage (4400.40 kg/ha) Number of tillers and stem diameter were found to be significantly greater (p<0.05) in Deep litter (2.56 and5.70mm respectively) compared to Battery cage (1.13 and 5.08mm respectively. Both dry matter yield and stem diameter of Sorghum almum were significantly (p<0.05) highest at 80 kg N/ha. Crude protein was observed to be significant (P<0.05) in Sorghum almum fertilized with poultry manure from deep liter (11.35%) compared with buttery cage (10.05 %). The CP value was observed to increase with increased nitrogen rate with the highest value recorded at 80 kg N/ha (1.71%). Dry matter intake (us a percentage of body weight) was equally greater (p<0.05) in Sorghum album fertilized with deep litter (2.63%) compared to battery cage (2.49%). The value for NDF was significantly higher in sorghum almum fertilized with battery cage, while that of ADF was greater in deep litter it can be concluded that, Sorghum almum fertilized with manure from deep litter system produced better yield and nutritive value.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy levels using calcium salts of fatty acids on nutritive value of diets and milk quality in peripartum dairy goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Souza ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Bruna Hygino ◽  
Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats

Peripartum is a critical period for dairy goats, as dry matter intake (DMI) is not enough to supply the energy requirement for foetal growth and subsequent lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) to increase dietary energy level of peripartum dairy goats and its effects on nutritive value of diets and milk quality. Twenty multiparous Saanen goats (body weight 63.5±10.3 kg) were distributed in a completely randomised design in four treatments at the following dietary energy levels: 2.6 Mcal of metabolisable energy per kg of dry matter (Mcal ME/kg DM) - control diet; and 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9 Mcal/kg DM - with added CSFA. Goats were housed in individual stalls and evaluated in the peripartum period, by measuring body weight (BW), DMI, dry matter and nutrient digestibility of diets, blood composition, and milk quality and yield. Increasing dietary energy level to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had no effect on BW and did not limit DMI. CSFA supplementation increased intake of total digestible nutrients and did not affect fibre digestion. Blood triglycerides and cholesterol concentration increased with CSFA addition. The treatments had no effect on milk yield and composition; however, CSFA supplementation changed the fatty acid concentration of milk fat, increasing levels of polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids. In conclusion, peripartum dairy goats supplemented with CSFA to increase dietary energy level up to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had a greater supply of total digestible nutrients and showed altered fatty acid concentration of milk fat.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAPESEED FLOUR FOR MINK: EFFECTS ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, THYROID FUNCTION AND PELT QUALITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BELZILE ◽  
L. S. POLIQUIN ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial for testing the replacement value of rapeseed flour (RF) (blend of Brassica napus and campestris) for raw meat was conducted with growing-furring mink. The RF contained 67% crude protein and approximately 1/10 of the quantity of glucosinolates normally found in commercial meal. Forty male pastel mink were fed diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.4 and 20% RF (dry-matter basis) from the end of July to pelting. On a dry-matter basis, the diets contained approximately 41% protein and the percentages of protein as RF protein were 0, 4.3, 9 and 12.4. Initially, the animals ate significantly (P < 0.05) more feed and grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on the 0 and 6.5% RF diets, but later, weight gain and feed consumption were the same for all groups (P > 0.05). After 70 days on trial, weight gain was less (P < 0.05) on the 20% RF diet compared with the 0 and 6.5% diets. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen, and in nitrogen retention for the mink receiving the diets containing 13.4 and 20% RF. Mink fed the 20% RF diet showed significant (P < 0.05) thyroid hypertrophy, but at slaughter serum protein-bound iodine level was the same (P > 0.05) for all groups. There was little difference among groups with respect to pelt size and pelt quality.

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