EFFECT OF COLD STRESSING CHICKEN EMBRYOS AND PREINCUBATION STORAGE ON HATCHABILITY, POST-HATCHING BODY WEIGHT, MORTALITY AND SEX RATIOS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. BUCKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Second Year

The effect of cold stressing 17-day chicken embryos was studied for 2 successive years. Exposing embryos to 21.2 C for up to 24 hr caused a nonsignificant reduction in hatchability, while 11.3 and 5.2 C caused a significant drop in hatchability. Egg size did not influence the effect of cold stress on hatchability. All three temperatures caused an increase in chick weight at hatching. Exposure to 21.2 C had no effect on 2, 4 or 6 week body weight except to reduce 2 week body weight of females. Prolonged exposure to 11.3 C generally reduced 4 and 6 week body weight. Exposing embryos to 5.2 C for 4 and 8 hr resulted in an increase in 4 and 6 week body weight, while 12 hr of exposure caused a reduction in 2, 4 and 6 week body weight. Post-hatching mortality was increased by exposure to 5.2 C for 12 and 16 hr in the first year, while in the second year prolonged exposure to all temperatures increased mortality. There was no effect of cold stress on sex ratios. Preincubation storage reduced hatchability, except in 1968 when there was an effect of cold stress on hatchability. Hatchability then increased as storage time increased. Post-hatching body weight and mortality were not affected by preincubation storage.

A comparison of the sown swards of perennial ryegrass S. 24 and Italian ryegrass RvP in a two-year lamb production system, with different breeds of sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Newton ◽  
N. E. Young ◽  
R. J. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Intensive System

SummaryA comparison was made between an intensive system of lamb production based on Italian ryegrass RvP and one based on perennial ryegrass S. 24, over 2 years, each at three stocking rates (14, 17, 20 ewes/ha). More grass was grown in the first year than in the second when the yield of RvP was particularly reduced. The ewes and lambs ate more RvP than S. 24 but there was no difference in lamb growth rate. The lambs grew faster at the low stocking rate from 0 to 18 weeks and from 0 to slaughter than at the medium and high stocking rates, in both years. Ewe intake and lamb growth rate were higher in the second year than the first. The Masham ewes with two lambs ate significantly more grass per unit of body weight than the Finnish Landrace × Scottish Halfbred and Finnish Landrace × Scottish Blackface ewes, and their lambs grew significantly faster. It was concluded that for an intensive system of lamb production from grass, S. 24 was more suitable than RvP.

scholarly journals Cyclic Cold Stresses before Transplanting Influence Tomato Seedling Growth, but Not Fruit Earliness, Fresh-market Yield, or Quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dufault ◽  
Regina R. Melton
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Second Year

Tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Sunny') were exposed to cyclic cold stress at 2 ± 1C, then to 29 ± 6C in a greenhouse before being transplanted to the field. Cold-stressed seedlings were transplanted when the risk of ambient cold stress was negligible. In the first year of a 2-year study, transplants were exposed to 2C for 3, 6, or 12 hours for 1, 3, or 6 days before field planting. In the second year, transplants were exposed to 2C for 6, 12, or 18 hours for 4, 7, or 10 days before field planting. In the first year, cold stress generally stimulated increases in seedling height, leaf area, and shoot and root dry weights but decreased chlorophyll content. In the second year, all seedling growth characteristics except leaf area and plant height were diminished in response to longer cold-stress treatment. In both years, earliness, total productivity, and quality were unaffected by any stress treatment. Therefore, cold stress occurring before transplanting has a negligible effect on earliness, yield, or quality.

scholarly journals 404 Cyclic Cold Temperature Stresses Before Transplanting Influence Cantaloupe Seedling Growth and Earliness But Not Total Yield or Quality

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 513D-513
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Robert J. Dufault
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Temperature Exposure

Cantaloupe seedlings may be repeatedly exposed in the field soon after transplanting to temperatures alternating between almost freezing and optimal temperatures. In the first year of a 2-year study, `Athena' cantaloupe seedlings were exposed in walk-in coolers to temperatures cycling from 2 °C for 3, 6, and 9 hours daily to 25 °C for the rest of the 24-h period. Cold stress was repeated for 1, 3, 6, and 9 days before field planting. In the second year, transplants were exposed to 2 °C for 3, 6, and 9 hours for 3, 6, and 9 days before field transplanting. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effect of early season cold temperature exposure on seedling growth, earliness, yield and quality by simulating the cold/warm alternations possible in the field in coolers. Cold-stressed transplants were planted in the field after all risk of ambient cold stress was negligible. In both years, exposure to cycling cold temperatures generally did not effect total productivity and fruit quality, although seedling growth characteristics were reduced in response to longer cold-stress treatments. In the second year, early yield was reduced by exposure to increasing hours of cold stress, but this was not significant in the first year. Therefore, cold temperature stresses occurring in the field at transplanting have negligible effect on yield potential of `Athena' cantaloupe.

An inevitable crisis? From first to second year in counsellor training

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Hugh Crago
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
First Year ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Counsellor Training ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

In a seminal 1973 paper, Robert Clark described the very different “cultures” of the first and second year students in a four year clinical psychology PhD programme. The author applies Clark’s template to his own experiences as trainee or trainer in five different counsellor education programmes, one in the US and four in Australia. Each of the programmes, to varying degrees, demonstrates key features of the pattern identified by Clark, where the first year is “therapeutic” and other-oriented, the second is “professional” and self-focused. The author concludes that all the surveyed programmes exhibited some level of “second year crisis”, in which a significant number of students felt abandoned, dissatisfied, or rebellious. The author extends and refines Clark’s developmental analogy (first year = childhood; second year = adolescence) to reflect recent neurological research, in particular, the shift from a right hemisphere-dominant first year of life, prioritising affiliative needs, to a left hemisphere-dominant second year, prioritising autonomy and control. This shift is paralleled later by a more gradual move from a protective, supportive childhood to necessary, but sometimes conflictual, individuation in adolescence. The first two years of a counsellor training programme broadly echo this process, a process exacerbated by the second year internship/placement, in which students must “leave home” and adjust to unfamiliar, potentially less nurturing, authority figures. Finally, the author suggests introducing more rigorous “academic holding” into the first year, and greater attention to “therapeutic holding” of dissident students in the second, hopefully decreasing student dropout, and achieving a better balanced training experience.

Implementation of the Second-year course in an Engineering Professional Spine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Iqbal ◽  
Deena Salem ◽  
David Strong
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research University ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
First Year ◽  
Computer Engineering ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of this paper is to document the experience of developing and implementing a second-year course in an engineering professional spine that was developed in a first-tier research university and relies on project-based core courses. The main objective of this spine is to develop the students’ cognitive and employability skills that will allow them to stand out from the crowd of other engineering graduates.The spine was developed and delivered for the first time in the academic year 2010-2011 for first-year general engineering students. In the year 2011-2012, those students joined different programs, and accordingly the second-year course was tailored to align with the different programs’ learning outcomes. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the course in the Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department.

Exploring the Implementation of Early Math Assessments in Kindergarten Classrooms: A Research-Practice Collaboration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McDonald ◽  
Rebecca Merkley ◽  
Jacqueline Mickle ◽  
Lisa Collimore ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Math Education ◽  
Kindergarten Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Early Numeracy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Second Year

Research in cognitive development has highlighted that early numeracy skills are associated with later math achievement, suggesting that these skills should be targeted in early math education. Here we tested whether tools used by researchers to assess mathematical thinking could be useful in the classroom. This paper describes a collaborative project between cognitive scientists and school board researchers/educators implementing numeracy screeners with kindergarten students over the course of three school years. The Give-A-Number task (Wynn, 1990) was used with first-year kindergarten students and the Numeracy Screener [BLINDED] with second-year kindergarten students. Results indicated that educators (N = 59) found the tools feasible to implement and helpful for exploring their students’ thinking and targeting instruction. The Educators’ feedback also helped inform improvements to the implementation of the tools and future directions for both the schools and the researchers. This work emphasizes the importance of transdisciplinary collaboration to address the research-practice gap.

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on seasonal dynamic of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARVIND KUMAR ◽  
POOJA KHULBE
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Second Year

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on population dynamics of green lacewing, Chrysoper lacarnea (Stephens) was studied in sunflower, Helianthus annus (Linn.).The maximum number of C. carnea population was found during mid March –mid April in the first year and mid April – mid May in the second year in sunflower crop. The maximum number of host population viz. egg and larva of Helicoverpa armigera and Myzuspe rsicae population were found during mid March –mid April in both the year and correlation studies revealed the positive and significant correlation between larval population of H. armigera, M. persicae and predator C. carnea. While there was no significant relationship found between eggs of H. armigera and C. carnea. The C. carnea population on H. annus during both the year was positively correlated with maximum temperature and found significant,while negatively correlated with relative humidity.However, no significant correlation of C. carnea was found with minimum temperature in both the year.

Effects of Cutting First Year Red Clover on Stand and Yield in the Second Year 1

1955 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Torrie ◽  
Earle W. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year

scholarly journals Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Müller ◽  
Manuela Bombana ◽  
Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrenner ◽  
Nikolaus Kleindienst ◽  
Martin Bohus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Mental disorders are related to high individual suffering and significant socio-economic burdens. However, it remains unclear to what extent self-reported mental distress is related to individuals’ days of incapacity to work and their medical costs. This study aims to investigate the impact of self-reported mental distress for specific and non-specific days of incapacity to work and specific and non-specific medical costs over a two-year span. Method Within a longitudinal research design, 2287 study participants’ mental distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). HADS scores were included as predictors in generalized linear models with a Tweedie distribution with log link function to predict participants’ days of incapacity to work and medical costs retrieved from their health insurance routine data during the following two-year period. Results Current mental distress was found to be significantly related to the number of specific days absent from work and medical costs. Compared to participants classified as no cases by the HADS (2.6 days), severe case participants showed 27.3-times as many specific days of incapacity to work in the first year (72 days) and 10.3-times as many days in the second year (44 days), and resulted in 11.4-times more medical costs in the first year (2272 EUR) and 6.2-times more in the second year (1319 EUR). The relationship of mental distress to non-specific days of incapacity to work and non-specific medical costs was also significant, but mainly driven from specific absent days and specific medical costs. Our results also indicate that the prevalence of presenteeism is considerably high: 42% of individuals continued to go to work despite severe mental distress. Conclusions Our results show that self-reported mental distress, assessed by the HADS, is highly related to the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in the two-year period. Reducing mental distress by improving preventive structures for at-risk populations and increasing access to evidence-based treatments for individuals with mental disorders might, therefore, pay for itself and could help to reduce public costs.

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