RADIOGRAPHY OF THE LIVE ANIMAL AS A TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS IN SWINE

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Martin ◽  
H. T. Fredeen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Vertebral Number ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiographic Technique ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Percentage Yield

Radiographs obtained on 3460 Lacombe and Yorkshire baby pigs were examined to determine the association between vertebral size and number and carcass length. Carcass length increased approximately 1.3 cm per unit increase in vertebral number. Consideration of birth weight, slaughter weight, age at slaughter, and linear measurements of vertebrae at birth were not of value in improving the precision of prediction.A subgroup comprising 615 Lacombe pigs at slaughter weight were X-rayed immediately prior to slaughter in order to assess the predictive value of X-ray measurements of the vertebrae and backfat at slaughter weight. Multiple regression utilizing vertebral number and vertebral length at slaughter explained some 34% of the variation in carcass length. X-ray measurements of backfat thickness on the live animal were not found to be superior to the live probe in predicting percentage yield of lean cuts, and it was concluded that the radiographic technique was not superior to the simpler probe method for predicting cutout yield from measurements made on the live animal.

scholarly journals Effects of pork differentiation strategies in Canada on pig performance and carcass characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
J.L. Aalhus ◽  
C. Gariépy ◽  
B. Uttaro ◽  
O. López-Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Diet Supplement ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Hardness Values

Performance and quality traits were measured in carcasses from combinations of genotype, diet supplement, slaughter weight, and carcass chilling regime. Iberian-crossed pigs had lower live animal performance than Duroc and Lacombe. From 70 to 115 kg, Lacombe pigs grew slightly faster than Duroc. Duroc carcasses had a higher lean percentage, heavier ham and picnic primals, and lighter loins and bellies, compared with Lacombe and Iberian. Heavier carcasses had lower lean yield, except those from Iberian-crossed pigs, and bigger bellies. Meat from Duroc-crossed pigs was lighter in colour and higher in marbling, with intermediate values for fat hardness. Iberian carcasses displayed dark meat with intermediate marbling and the hardest fat. Meat from Lacombe pigs was the leanest although, like in all three breeds, marbling scores were higher in heavier carcasses. Generally, supplementing with canola and flax decreased and blast chilling increased fat hardness values. Dietary canola also seemed to affect meat colour traits, but these effects were not consistent among breeds and slaughter weights. The commercial combination of Duroc breed, control diet, and 115-kg slaughter weight showed a balance in terms of performance, carcass, and quality traits. Other combinations evaluated in this study showed potential to efficiently produce differentiated pork.

Live-Animal Prediction of Cutability and other Beef Carcass Characteristics by Several Judges

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Wilson ◽  
C. A. Dinkel ◽  
H. J. Tuma ◽  
J. A. Minyard
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Beef Carcass

scholarly journals 401 Effect of zinc source and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed in confinement to harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
John Wagner ◽  
William T Nelson ◽  
Terry Engle ◽  
Jerry Spears ◽  
Jeff Heldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Zinc Source ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Four hundred and thirty-two beef steers (346.3 ± 63.7 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of Zn source on feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Cattle were blocked in groups of 54 by BW and housed in 48 pens containing 9 steers per pen. Pens within a weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) 0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM fed during the final 29 days on feed; and 2) Zn source: 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; Zn sulfate (67%) + Zn methionine (33%); and Zn from Zn hydroxychloride, fed through the entire feeding period. Cattle were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 154 d and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Average daily gain, DMI, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Zinc source had no impact on live animal performance. Cattle fed ractopamine HCl had greater (P < 0.01) final BW, greater (P < 0.001) ADG, improved (P < 0.001) G:F, heavier (P < 0.01) HCW, and larger (P < 0.05) longissimus muscle compared to non-ractopamine supplemented steers. There was a Zn source by ractopamine interaction (P < 0.01) for dressing percentage. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn hydroxychloride had a greater dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn sulfate had a lesser dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Additional Zn source by ractopamine HCl interactions were not significant. These data indicate that Zn source has minimal impacts on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented to cattle receiving 0.0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM.

Linear Mandibular Measurements: Comparison between Orthopantomograms and Lateral Cephalograms

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Ongkosuwito ◽  
M. M. J. Dieleman ◽  
A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
P. G. H. Mulder ◽  
J. W. van Neck
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Magnification Factor ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

Objective: To investigate the reliability of length measurements of the mandible by comparing orthopantomograms (OPTs) with lateral cephalograms. Design: Observational study. Setting: OPTs and lateral cephalograms were taken of 20 human dry skulls. Four orthodontists and four maxillofacial surgeons located landmarks on all radiographs using a computer program for cephalometric measurements. Intraobserver and interobserver variability in locating landmarks was assessed, as well as positioning of the skulls prior to radiography between the x-ray assistants. Magnification differences between the left and right side of the mandible on the OPT were determined for five skulls. Kappa statistics were used to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver and interobserver differences. An F test was used to assess differences between methods and between type of observer. Results: No significant differences were found in the magnification factor of the left and right side of the mandible. Compared with a lateral cephalogram, the OPT had comparable reliability in measuring mandibular distances condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton. No significant differences were observed between the x-ray assistants in taking the OPTs and lateral cephalograms or in repositioning the skulls. Significant differences were found between orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons for landmark measurements. Conclusion: An OPT is as reliable as a lateral cephalogram for linear measurements of the mandible (condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton).

scholarly journals Effects of Bypass Fat on Buffalo Carcass Characteristics, Meat Nutrient Contents and Profitability

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3042
Author(s):  
Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi ◽  
Fhaisol Mat Amin ◽  
Hafandi Ahmad ◽  
Norhariani Mohd Nor ◽  
Goh Yong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes ◽  
Bypass Fat

The deposition and distribution of buffalo body fats play a vital role in the quality of the buffalo carcass and are of great commercial value, since the carcass quality influences the profitability and consumer acceptability of ruminant meat. The current study examined the effect a mixture of 4% bypass fat and 26% concentrate supplementations in buffalo basal diet had on both the carcass characteristics and the proximate and fatty acid composition in longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), supraspinatus (SS) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles of Murrah cross and swamp buffaloes. In addition, profit and loss analyses were performed to determine the profitability. This study employed a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets, two breeds and four replicates per treatment. A total of sixteen buffaloes (eight buffaloes per breed, bodyweight 98.64 ± 1.93 kg) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups. The first group was given Diet A, which consisted of 70% Brachiaria decumbens + 30% concentrate, whereas the second group was given Diet B, which consisted of 70% Brachiaria decumbens + 26% concentrate + 4% bypass fat. The buffaloes were fed for 730 days before slaughter. The results showed that supplemented bypass fat significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, meat:fat ratio, pH at 24 h, moisture and crude protein of LTL, ST and SS, the ether extract of LTL and ST and the meat fatty acid of C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, PUFA n-6/n-3 and total MUFA. The carcass yield and carcass fat percentages, the ash content in ST, the EE in the SS muscle and the meat fatty acid of C18:3, total PUFA n-3, UFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Furthermore, Murrah cross showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, carcass bone percentage and total fatty acid, but a lower (p < 0.05) meat:bone ratio, ash of LTL and CP of LTL and ST when compared to swamp buffaloes. No significant changes were found in the proximate composition of different types of muscle, but the ST muscle revealed significantly high C14:0, C16:0 and C18:1, and the SS muscle had high C18:2 and total fatty acid (p < 0.05). Supplementing using bypass fat increased the cost of buffalo feeding but resulted in a higher revenue and net profit. In conclusion, the concentrate and bypass fat supplementations in the buffalo diet could alter the nutrient compositions of buffalo meat without a detrimental effect on carcass characteristics, leading to a higher profit.

Factors governing the shape of the growth curve of body weight and the age at slaughter of Suffolk × Welsh lambs

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Broadbent ◽  
J. H. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Birth Type

Curves of growth in live-weight, from birth to 16 weeks of age, of 362 Suffolk × Welsh lambs were analysed for the effect of sex, birth type, sire and test centre environment and related to variation in age at slaughter.The relative pre-natal disadvantages of twin lambs resulted in their curves of growth differing from those of single-born animals, particularly in males. Test centre environment exerted a marked effect in such cases. At one centre, male twins showed marked compensatory growth.Differences in growth existed between the 14 sire progeny groups. As the linear component of the growth curves decreased, the quadratic values became increasingly negative. Deceleration of growth was most marked in slowest growing progeny groups and this was accentuated by a poor test centre environment.These factors combined to influence age at slaughter, which was also related to birth weight of the lamb. Lambs at the best test centre reached slaughter weight 10 and 16 days earlier than lambs at the two remaining centres. Sires produced differences in age at slaughter of 10 to 14 days, within centres.

Effect of Slaughter Weight and Castration on Carcass Characteristics of Lambs

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kemp ◽  
J. D. Crouse ◽  
Winston Deweese ◽  
W. G. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Slaughter Weight
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document