ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING PRE- AND POST-WEANING TRAITS OF HEREFORD BULL CALVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Burgess ◽  
G. H. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Good Environment ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Age

Records of 1372 Hereford bull calves tested under the Ontario Advance Registry Policy for beef cattle were analyzed to estimate the effect of age of dam, season of birth, and year of birth on 240-day (weaning) weight, average daily gain (postweaning), and weight per day of age.Two- and three-year-old cows weaned calves 34.3 and 13.5 lb below the population average. As age of cow increased from 4 to 8 years little change occurred; however, older cows weaned calves 13.5 lb above average. Weight per day of age showed a trend identical with weaning weight. Age of cow did not influence postweaning growth. Calves born during the fall and winter weaned slightly heavier than those born during the spring and summer. Although certain trends were evident and differences were significant, less than 10% of the total sum of squares were partitioned by the combined effect of age of dam, season, and year. An appropriate set of adjustment factors based on the analysis would be provided by the addition of 40 and 15 lb respectively to the weaning weights of calves from 2- and 3-year-old cows, and of.12 lb to the weight per day of age of calves from 2-year-old cows. It is postulated that under good environment calves from older cows will grow as well as their contemporaries from cows of a middle-age group.

scholarly journals Factors affecting actual weaning weight, preweaning average daily gain and relative growth rate in Asturiana de los Valles beef cattle breed

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Goyache ◽  
I. Fernández ◽  
L. J. Royo ◽  
I. Álvarez ◽  
J. P. Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. In this paper we analyse the major environmental and genetic factors affecting actual weaning weight (WW), preweaning average daily gain (ADG) and relative growth rate (RGR) in a representative sample of field data of Asturiana de los Valles beef cattle breed. Major environmental factors affect preweaning growth performance of Asturiana de los Valles calves in the direction usually found in the literature. However RGR seems to be self-corrected for sex of calf and calving number. Heritabilities for the direct and maternal genetic effects were 0.67 and 0.29, 0.51 and 0.31 and 0.18 and 0.12 respectively for WW, ADG and RGR. The estimates of genetic parameters affecting RGR are more realistic than those estimated for the WW and ADG. Selection for RGR would lead to obtain higher growth rates and lower birth weights. RGR could be an interesting selection criterion in beef cattle improvement programs.

INFLUENCE OF BODY WEIGHT AND CHANGES IN BODY WEIGHT OF THE COW ON PREWEANING TRAITS OF THE CALF

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. J. PARKER ◽  
S. YODSERANEE ◽  
E. W. STRINGAM
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Selection Experiment ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was designed to estimate and evaluate environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and preweaning average daily gain (ADG) of purebred Shorthorn calves from the control line of a selection experiment. Nine years of data consisted of 635 birth weight and 607 weaning weight records. Least squares analysis of variance revealed that sex of the calf was the most important source of variation: males averages 2.31 kg heavier at birth, were 14.3 kg heavier at weaning and gained 0.08 kg more per day from birth to weaning than females. Heavier cows in June, October, and December prior to parturition and at parturition produced heavier calves at birth. Heavier cows in October prior to parturition, at parturition, and in June or October following parturition produced calves which grew more rapidly from birth to weaning and were heavier at weaning. There was no apparent effect of cow weight changes before or after parturition on preweaning traits. Correlations of birth weight with weaning weight, preweaning ADG and cow weight at parturition were 0.56 ± 0.03, 0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.24 ± 0.04 respectively. Correlations of weaning weight and preweaning average daily gain with cow weights at parturition were 0.42 ± 0.04 and 0.40 ± 0.04. Correlations among cow weights in June, October, and December prior to parturition, at parturition, and in June and October following parturition were estimated.

FACTORS AFFECTING PREWEANING PERFORMANCE IN BEEF CATTLE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Gain

Two years data involving 176 and 201 cows from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd were used to study the influences on calf preweaning performance of: breed, age, weight, summer and winter weight changes and milk yield of dam; breed of sire; and birth weight, weaning age and sex of calf. All independent variables combined explained 73 and 70% of total variance in average daily gain (ADG) to weaning and 81 and 70% of total variance in weaning weight, respectively, for 1966 and 1967. Of all variables considered, milk yield had the greatest influence on preweaning performance, explaining about 60% of the variation in ADG to weaning and 40 to 50% of the variation in weaning weight. A 1-kg increase in daily milk yield resulted in an 11- to 14-kg increase in weaning weight. Breed of dam explained about 23% of total variance in ADG to weaning, most of which was accounted for by breed differences in milk yield. Breed-of-sire differences accounted for 5.7 and 1.4% of variance in ADG of progeny for 1966 and 1967 data, respectively. Male calves exceeded female calves in birth weight by 2 kg, in ADG to weaning by 0.03 kg, and in weaning weight by 8 to 9 kilograms. Birth weight was positively associated with calf growth rate. A 1-kg increase in birth weight resulted in 1.74- and 1.59-kg increases in weaning weight for 1966 and 1967, respectively. A 10-kg increase in post-calving weight of cow, independent of milk yield and cow age, resulted in approximately a 0.7-kg increase in weaning weight of calf. Average daily gain to weaning was influenced slightly more by cow age than by post-calving weight of cow. However, about 80% of the variation in ADG explained by either cow age or post-calving weight of cow was accounted for by differences in milk yield associated with either variable.

scholarly journals FEEDING VALUE OF SILAGE FROM A TILLERING AND A NONTILLERING HYBRID CORN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. BOWDEN ◽  
N. B. McLAUGHLIN ◽  
S. FREYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Whole-plant silages made from a tillering corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) and a nontillering corn hybrid had similar digestibilities of dry matter, energy, and protein as assessed with wether sheep. When the silages were fed as the only feed for 56 days to yearling Hereford steers weighing an average of 370 kg, the intake of silage from the nontillering corn tended to be low and the steers only maintained their weight. Steers fed silage from the tillering corn gained 0.45 kg/day. However, with supplemental steamed, rolled barley being given for the remainder of the 112 days, average weight gains for the total period did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between steers on the two silages. When barley was fed with each of the silages at 0.5% of body weight, the average daily gain of steers for 112 days was the same for the two silages (0.79 kg/day). The digestible energy consumed per unit of gain did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between the two silages. We conclude that, when fed with a limited amount of barley, silages of equal feeding value could be made from tillering and nontillering corn hybrids grown in southern Alberta.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet on Replacement Beef Heifer Growth and Reproductive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Janice G. P. Bowman ◽  
Bok F. Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred-one crossbred beef heifers (average weight 256.1 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of diet during an 84-day period, on growth and reproductive performance. The four treatments were: 1) grass hay; 2) grass hay + 0.9 kg/day barley; 3) grass hay + 1.8 kg/day barley; and 4) alfalfa hay. Heifers were assigned randomly to 12 pens by weight (three pens/treatment). Prior to feeding, barley was cracked through a roller-mill. Heifers consuming alfalfa hay or grass hay + 1.8 kg barley gained 39% faster (0.68 and 0.74 kg/day, respectively; P = 0.01) than heifers consuming grass hay alone (0.51 kg/day). Heifers consuming grass hay + 0.9 kg barley were intermediate in average daily gain (ADG; 0.63 kg/day). Hay intake was 16% greater (P < 0.10) by heifers consuming alfalfa hay, grass hay, and grass hay + 0.9 kg barley compared with those consuming grass hay + 1.8 kg barley (average 8.1 vs 7.0 kg/day). Using costs (USD) of $0.066/kg, $0.099/kg, and $0.0935/kg for grass hay, alfalfa hay, and barley, respectively, feed cost/day was greatest (P < 0.01) for alfalfa hay ($0.81/day), intermediate for the grass hay + barley diets (average $0.63/day), and lowest for grass hay ($0.53/day). Cost/kg gain was less (P < 0.10) for grass hay + 1.8 kg barley compared with alfalfa hay. No diet differences (P > 0.70) were found in reproductive performance of the heifers. Feeding replacement heifers alfalfa hay resulted in performance equivalent to feeding grass hay + 1.8 kg barley, but the alfalfa hay diet had a higher cost.

scholarly journals PSVII-9 Evaluating Performance Trends of the Four Most Represented Breeds of Bulls in the Utah Beef Improvement Performance Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Matthew D Garcia ◽  
Madelyn Kunzler ◽  
Kim Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This study evaluated changes in performance of bulls enrolled in the Utah Beef Improvement Association’s (UBIA) annual performance tests conducted in accordance with central bull test standards established by the Beef Improvement Federation. Breeds with over 500 bulls enrolled over the period of 2004 to 2018 were included in the evaluation. The breeds with greater than 500 animals evaluated included the Angus, Red Angus, Hereford and Simmental Breeds. Traits evaluated included birth weight, initial weight, a 205-day adjusted weaning weight, final test weight, average daily gain, adjusted yearling weight, and weight per day of age. The mixed model procedure of SAS and interval regression analyses were utilized to evaluate the yearly rate of change for each breed and to determine if that rate of change was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) between the evaluated breeds. When evaluating all breeds represented across years, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed for rate of change when evaluating birth weight and 205-day adjusted weaning weight. However, no differences were observed between breeds with more than 500 animals represented. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) for rate of change were observed when comparing the top four represented breeds, for average daily gain, initial test weight, final test weight, adjusted yearling weight and weight per day of age. Specifically, a declining trend was noted for all breeds when evaluation all significant traits. When evaluating the previously described traits, the Angus breed was significantly different in its rate of decline when compared to the Red Angus and Hereford breeds. The lone increasing trend was observed in the Hereford breed which had a positive increasing trend for initial test weight which was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) from both the Angus and Red Angus breeds but not significantly different from the Simmental breed.

AGE DYNAMICS OF THE LIVE WEIGHT OF YOUNG YAKS OF THE ALTAI POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
А.И. БАХТУШКИНА ◽  
В.Р. САИТОВ ◽  
М.М. САЛЬНИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Daily Gain

Проведено изучение интенсивности роста молодняка яков алтайской популяции, характеризующегося энергичным ростом. Динамика роста молодняка яков изучена путем определения их живой массы в разные возрастные периоды: при рождении, в возрасте 7, 12, 18 мес. По результатам взвешиваний определен абсолютный прирост, абсолютный среднесуточный прирост живой массы, относительная скорость роста. В период от рождения до 7-месячного возраста, который совпал с летним периодом пастбищного сезона, живая масса бычков увеличилась на 131,4 кг, а телок — на 120,2 кг. Интенсивность роста составила соответственно 625,7 и 572,4 г, что свидетельствует о достаточно хорошей молочности маток. В зимний период (возраст молодняка — от 7 до 12 мес) интенсивность роста резко снизилась: живая масса бычков и телочек составила всего 161,3 и 143,7 кг, со среднесуточными приростами — 94 и 58 г соответственно. С началом вегетации пастбищных растений приросты молодняка по сравнению с зимним периодом резко увеличились. В возрасте от 12 до 18 мес они были равны: 476 г — у бычков и 439 г — у телочек. Общий прирост живой массы бычков за этот период составил 86 кг, у телочек — 79 кг. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о достаточно хорошем развитии молодняка яков алтайской популяции. The growth rate of young yaks of the Altai population, characterized by vigorous growth, was investigated. The growth dynamics of young yaks was studied by determining their live weight at different age periods – at birth and at the age of 7, 12, 18 months. According to the weighing results, the absolute gain, the absolute average daily gain in live weight, and the relative growth rate were determined. In the period from birth to 7 months of age, which coincided with the summer months of the pasture season, the live weight of bull calves increased by 131.4, and heifers — by 120.2 kg, i.e., the growth rate was 625.7 and 572.4 g, respectively, which characterizes a fairly good milk yield of cows. In the winter period (age from 7 to 12 months), the growth rate decreased sharply: the live weight of calves and calves was only 161.3 kg and 143.7 kg, with average daily gains of 94 and 58g, respectively. Subsequently, with the beginning of the growing season of pasture plants, the weight gain of young animals in comparison with the winter period increased sharply. At the age of 12 to 18 months they were equal: 476 g-for steers and 439 g-for heifers. The total increase in live weight of calves during this period was 86 kg, of heifers — 79 kg. The data obtained indicate a fairly good development of young yaks of the Altai population.

Genetic improvement of meat sheep. 1. A comparison of different methods of correcting weaning weight for age of lamb

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Gregory ◽  
EM Roberts ◽  
JW James
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight For Age

Several methods of correcting lamb weaning weight for age were compared. Lambs were weighed at birth, at 90 � 1 day of age, when the oldest and when the youngest lamb was 90 days and when the average age of lambs was 90 days. Weights were adjusted to 90 days by the methods of regression, regression pooled within sire groups, average daily gain with and without a standard birth weight and weight per day of age. All the correction methods examined gave similar results and there was no significant difference between methods. The correlations between the actual 90-day weight and the adjusted weights ranged from 0.922 to 0.960 and were highest when the weights taken when the average age of lambs was 90 days were used as the basis for adjustment. All adjusted weights were significantly biased as estimates of actual 90-day weight, but the bias was least for weights when average age was 90 days.

A COMPARISON OF FOUR SYSTEMS OF MANAGING YEARLING BEEF STEERS ON ROTATIONALLY GRAZED, BROMEGRASS-ALFALFA PASTURE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529
Author(s):  
J. A. ROBERTSON ◽  
D. A. COOKE ◽  
S. E. BEACOM
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Selection Of

Four systems of animal management were applied to a rotationally grazed mixed sward of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) for a period of 7 yr using yearling beef steers. The systems included (i) put and take stocking; (ii) set stocking at 2.5 steers/ha with surplus herbage conserved as silage and fed later in the season; (iii) set stocking at 3.7 steers/ha, pasture herbage supplemented with oat soilage and (iv) set stocking as in (iii), pasture herbage supplemented with dry-rolled barley. Nitrogen, at the rate of 90 kg N/ha, was applied each spring during the last 4 yr of the experiment. Forage dry matter production varied from 1760 to 5750 kg/ha between years and was highly correlated with precipitation during the growing season. Average daily gains were similar for treatments i–iii at 1.03 kg/head. Feeding supplementary barley increased rate of gain to 1.19 kg (P < 0.01), produced an additional 20 kg liveweight per steer per season and was utilized with an average efficiency of 6.6 kg dry matter per kilogram gain. Average daily gain varied significantly (P < 0.01) between years and was inversely related to dry matter production. The feeding of oat soilage or barley and the harvesting and feeding of silage reduced the variation in gain both within and between seasons compared to the put and take stocking system. Factors affecting the selection of the most appropriate management system by a producer are discussed.

Factors affecting pre-weaning growth and weaning conformation of Angus cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
EB Dettmann ◽  
LG Williams
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Weaning weight (ww) and conformation score (cs) records from Angus calves in five New South Wales herds were analysed by least-squares procedures to assess the nature and magnitude of variation. Herd, year, age of dam and sex were considered as main effects. Covariates included in the models were weaning age (WA) for ww and average daily gain (ADG), and both WA and ww for cs. Male calves (steers and bulls) were 16.6 kg heavier at weaning than female calves. Dams that were 5-8 years of age weaned calves that were 30.1 kg, 15.4 kg and 6.7 kg heavier than 2-, 3- and 4-year-old dams respectively. When ww was not included as a covariate in the model, age of dam effects on cs reflected those on ww, and there was little difference in cs between males and females. When adjusted for differences in ww, males had poorer cs than females, and calves from 3-year-old dams, and from dams over 8 years old, had poorer cs than those from dams of all other ages. Partial regressions of ww and ADG on WA, and of cs on ww, varied considerably between herd/year/sex subgroups.

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