A COMPARISON OF FOUR SYSTEMS OF MANAGING YEARLING BEEF STEERS ON ROTATIONALLY GRAZED, BROMEGRASS-ALFALFA PASTURE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529
Author(s):  
J. A. ROBERTSON ◽  
D. A. COOKE ◽  
S. E. BEACOM
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Selection Of

Four systems of animal management were applied to a rotationally grazed mixed sward of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) for a period of 7 yr using yearling beef steers. The systems included (i) put and take stocking; (ii) set stocking at 2.5 steers/ha with surplus herbage conserved as silage and fed later in the season; (iii) set stocking at 3.7 steers/ha, pasture herbage supplemented with oat soilage and (iv) set stocking as in (iii), pasture herbage supplemented with dry-rolled barley. Nitrogen, at the rate of 90 kg N/ha, was applied each spring during the last 4 yr of the experiment. Forage dry matter production varied from 1760 to 5750 kg/ha between years and was highly correlated with precipitation during the growing season. Average daily gains were similar for treatments i–iii at 1.03 kg/head. Feeding supplementary barley increased rate of gain to 1.19 kg (P < 0.01), produced an additional 20 kg liveweight per steer per season and was utilized with an average efficiency of 6.6 kg dry matter per kilogram gain. Average daily gain varied significantly (P < 0.01) between years and was inversely related to dry matter production. The feeding of oat soilage or barley and the harvesting and feeding of silage reduced the variation in gain both within and between seasons compared to the put and take stocking system. Factors affecting the selection of the most appropriate management system by a producer are discussed.

Component analysis of plant dry matter production: a basis for selection of breeding parents as illustrated in carnation

Euphytica ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Sparnaaij ◽  
H. J. J. Koehorst-van Putten ◽  
I. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC TRAITS EVALUATION IN IRRIGATED SORGHUM IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
AMADEU REGITANO NETO ◽  
RAFAEL DANTAS DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Semi Arid

Green and dry matter production, along with grain yield and otheragronomic traits, were assessed in 44 sorghum genotypes. Two sets of genotypes were formed based on known plant height, aiming to evaluate green and dry matter production and grain yield, as well as to separate forage and grain sorghum genotypes. The evaluations were performed based on experiments with three replications, being one irrigated (drip system) in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, and the other rainfed, in Nossa Senhora da Glória, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Sowing dates were July 30, 2016, in Nossa Senhora da Glória; July 13, 2017, and October 24, 2018, in Petrolina; with 117 and 128 days from sowing to harvest, respectively. Expressive forage production was observed in genotypes EP-17 and SF-11, which exceeded 120 t ha-1. BRS 506 produced 108 t ha-1, while 13F03(1141572), P-294, P-288, 2502 x 467, BRS Ponta Negra, and SF-15 presented green matter production ranging from 94 to 98.5 t ha-1. Dry matter production was highly correlated with green matter production, and SF-11 had the best performance of 45.5 t ha-1. The observed plant height was more expressive for forage sorghum genotypes, being this trait highly correlated with the green and dry matter. The best grain yield performance reached 13.4 and 10.3 t ha-1, values observed for 9910032 and BRS Ponta Negra, respectively. The results demonstrate the full adaptability of sorghum to the semi-arid environment and the feasibility to produce roughage and grains under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

Influence of barley silage:concentrate ratio on rate and efficiency of liveweight gain, diet digestibility and carcass characteristics of beef steers

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
B. Freeze ◽  
G. C. Kozub ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Eighty steers were fed diets with eight ratios of 100:0, 75.1:24.9, 58.3:41.7, 34.4:65.6, 18.9:81.1, 8.0–92.0, 3.7:96.3 or 0:100 barley silage:concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets were fed to provide about equal digestible energy (DE) per unit liveweight for 24 wk, then fed to appetite until the steers reached a market weight of about 515 kg. Steers receiving the 100% silage diet were fed for ad libitum intake from week 24 to week 52 (28 wk) and were then fed 100% concentrate diet until they reached market weight. The average daily gain (ADG) of steers fed 100% silage was lower than that of those fed forage and concentrate. Efficiency of DE utilization for liveweight gain increased at a decreasing rate as level of concentrate in the diet increased. Carcass backfat thickness increased with rate of gain. Digestibility of energy, DM, crude protein (CP), and starch exhibited a curvilinear response to increasing levels of concentrate in the diet. The proportion of concentrate in the diet for maximum economic benefit depends on the cost per unit of DE from silage versus that of barley, the efficiency of DE utilization for liveweight gain and time to reach market weight. Key words: Beef cattle, barley, barley silage, forage:concentrate ratio, digestibility

COMPARISON OF SILAGES FROM DENSELY SEEDED AND CONVENTIONALLY SEEDED CORN FOR BEEF STEERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
G. BELANGER ◽  
P. L. BURGESS
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Corn for silage was planted at two seeding rates (60 000 and 200 000 kernels ha−1) in three consecutive years and evaluated by determining yields, digestibility by sheep and performance of growing-fattening beef cattle fed the ensiled crops. Plant populations at harvest ranged over years from 53 000 to 63 000 plants ha−1 for conventional seeding and from 94 000 to 151 000 plants ha−1 for the dense seeding rate. Dense seeding increased whole-plant dry matter yield each year. Only in 1 year (1979) did dense seeding reduce the yield of dry matter in the whole ear or grain (P < 0.01). In the same crop year (1979) dense seeding reduced the dry matter and crude protein contents of the silage (P < 0.01) and the digestibilities by sheep of the dry matter and nitrogen were lower (P < 0.01) than for the conventionally seeded crop. In 2 years (1978 and 1979), when the silages were fed ad libitum with only a protein-mineral-vitamin supplement, the daily silage dry matter intake by beef cattle was lower (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and in 1979 the average daily gain (1.06 vs. 1.14 kg d−1) was lower (P < 0.01) with silage from the dense seeding. There were no significant differences in beef performance parameters (silage dry matter intake, daily gain, and efficiency of silage conversion to daily gain) in the third year when the silages were fed with ground barley. Dense seeding of corn for silage resulted in more beef production per hectare and provides a means of reducing productivity loss due to birds feeding on the ripening ears of corn. Key words: Corn, silage, beef, dense seeding, seeding rate

Removal of supplemental vitamin A from barley-based diets improves marbling in feedlot heifers

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gibb ◽  
F. H. Van Herk ◽  
P. Mir ◽  
S. Loerch ◽  
T. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Gain

Gibb, D. J., Van Herk, F. H., Mir, P. S., Loerch, S. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Removal of supplemental vitamin A from barley-based diets improves marbling in feedlot heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 669–674. The objective of this research was to determine if removing supplemental vitamin A from barley-based feedlot diets affects animal performance, health, or carcass quality. Six pens per treatment (10 heifers per pen) were randomly assigned to receive zero (–VA) or 3640 (+VA) IU kg−1 dry matter of supplemental vitamin A in barley-based feedlot diets. Initial serum retinol was similar between treatments (28 µg dL−1; P=0.34), but –VA reduced levels by 40% (30 vs. 50 µg dL−1; P<0.001) by day 217. Removal of supplemental vitamin A reduced dry matter intake during the 58 d backgrounding period (6.93 vs. 7.07 kg d−1; P=0.007) and over the 218-d trial (9.18 vs. 9.35 kg d−1; P<0.001), but had no effect on average daily gain during backgrounding (1.22 kg d−1; P=0.46) or over all (1.46 kg d−1; P=0.15). Based on camera grading, –VA increased degree of marbling (480.6 vs. 439.3; P=0.02) without affecting backfat thickness (0.74 cm; P=0.62). Ultrasound measurements were highly correlated with camera grading, but did not detect treatment difference in marbling score (P=0.99). Results from this study show that the removal of supplemental vitamin A increased marbling without affecting backfat, gains, or animal health.

Some factors affecting the establishment and early production of oversown grasses

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Dowling ◽  
GG Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Prior Application

The effects of rate of sowing, herbicide, and superphosphate on seedling establishment of two oversown improved grass species, their sward performance, and the resultant soil phosphate levels were studied in two experiments at Glen Innes, New South Wales in 1973. The experimental area had received 1250 kg ha-1 superphosphate prior to sowing and was carrying native grasses and white clover (Trifolium repens). In the first experiment, treatments applied were combinations of: four sowing rates (5.5, 11, 22, 44 kg ha-1) ; three herbicide rates (0 + 0, 8.3 + 0.55, 49.5 + 3.3 kg a.i. ha-1 2,2-DPA 4- amitrole) and two superphosphate rates (0, 250 kg ha-1). In the second experiment, three rates each of herbicide (0 + 0, 8.3 + 0.55, 16.6 + 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 2,2-DPA + amitrole) and superphosphate (0, 125, 250 kg ha-1) were applied in a factorial design. Both experiments were sown with Phalaris aquatica and Festuca arundinacea. For both species, seedling numbers increased as herbicide and sowing rates increased but declined with superphosphate application. These main effects were more pronounced during the earlier samplings. Seedling numbers of both species, particularly phalaris declined with time. As herbicide rates increased, total dry matter production was progressively reduced, but production of fescue increased from 19 to 232 and phalaris from 0.5 to 60 kg dry matter ha-1. The addition of superphosphate eliminated the adverse effect of herbicide on the legume component. Superphosphate increased fescue dry matter production but decreased that of phalaris. Prior application of herbicide at the heaviest rate and superphosphate applied at 125 kg ha-1, both increased soil phosphate by approximately the same amount (7.5 and 8.2 p.p.m. respectively).

SUPPLEMENTARY COPPER FOR GROWING CATTLE CONSUMING DIETS HIGH IN MOLYBDENUM OR MOLYBDENUM PLUS SULFUR

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. WITTENBERG ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ceruloplasmin Activity ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-eight Cu-depleted beef steers were used in a 105-d growing trial to compare four methods of Cu supplementation. Corn silage-barley concentrate diets were supplemented to contain 10 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM) Mo, and 1.3 (low S) or 3.7 (high S) g kg−1 total S. Copper treatments within low and high S diets were: (1) no supplemental Cu (0Cu); (2) a dietary supplement of 10 mg kg−1 DM Cu in the complete feed, added as CuSO4∙5H2O to the concentrate (CuSO4); (3) 20 g copper oxide needles (CuON) orally dosed on day 0; and (4) injectable Cu (ICu) on day 0. Although average daily gain was not different (P > 0.05) among Cu treatments, DM intake was lower (P < 0.05) with CuSO4 and CuON than with 0Cu or ICu. Feed efficiency (FE; feed:gain ratio) was better (P < 0.05) with CuSO4 (FE = 5.60) than 0Cu (FE = 6.88), while CuON (FE = 6.04) and ICu (FE = 6.16) FE were intermediate to 0Cu and CuSO4. Increasing dietary S from 1.3 to 3.7 mg kg−1 DM resulted in lower (P < 0.01) concentrations of Cu and Mo in liver and plasma, and plasma ceruloplasmin activity. An improvement of FE with CuSO4 was related to increased Cu and lower Mo concentrations in the plasma and liver of steers. With ICu there was some indication of an improvement of Cu status. With CuON, measured parameters were indicative of a metabolic Cu insufficiency, but with a lower concentration of Mo in plasma. At the levels of supplementation used in this trial, CuSO4 was a better Cu supplement than CuON or ICu for cattle consuming diets containing excess Mo or Mo plus S. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, copper sulfate, copper oxide needles, injectable copper

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