WEIGHT CHANGES IN CATTLE ON DRY RANGE IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL TREATMENTS FOR FLY CONTROL

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Haufe ◽  
C. O. M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Powder Suspension ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Subclinical Toxicity

The weight gains of yearling calves were analysed in a field experiment primarily designed to compare the distribution of flies among animals in two large herds, one unprotected and the other treated regularly for the control of biting flies. The treated animals received three applications of Co-Ral as a 0.5% wettable-powder suspension at 3-week intervals. Weight gains in the treated herd were lower by 6.5% of body weight as compared with the control herd. Weight gains increased in the treated herd after DDT was substituted for Co-Ral in the fly-control operation. The reduction in weight gains in the treated herd was attributed to subclinical toxicity of the organophosphate pesticide during repeated treatments.

scholarly journals L-carnitine supplementation of sows during pregnancy improves the suckling behaviour of their offspring

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Birkenfeld ◽  
Holger Kluge ◽  
Klaus Eder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Suckling Piglets

It has been shown that l-carnitine supplementation of sows increases their milk production and the postnatal growth of the suckling piglets. To test the hypothesis that this effect is due to an improved suckling behaviour of the piglets, two experiments with sows were performed. Two groups of thirteen or ten sows each (in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were fed diets with or without supplemental l-carnitine during pregnancy (125mg/d) and lactation (250mg/d). After birth, the litters of all sows were standardised to equal sizes of eleven and nine piglets per litter in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In experiment 1, the piglets of l-carnitine-supplemented sows had a higher total suckling time per day on days 3, 6 and 9, and greater weight gains during the suckling period, than the piglets of control sows (P<0·05). In experiment 2, all litters were taken away from their mothers and switched to other sows. Half of the control sows and half of the l-carnitine-supplemented sows were given litters born to control sows, the other half of each group being given litters born to l-carnitine-supplemented sows. Piglets born to l-carnitine-supplemented sows had a higher total suckling time per day on day 3 and greater body weight gains during the first 14d compared with piglets born to control sows (P<0·05). This study shows that piglets born to sows supplemented with l-carnitine are able to suckle for longer, which enables them to obtain more milk and grow faster than piglets born to control sows.

scholarly journals VARIATION IN PIGLET WEIGHTS: DEVELOPMENT OF WITHIN-LITTER VARIATION OVER A 5-WEEK LACTATION AND EFFECT OF FARROWING CRATE DESIGN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. THOMPSON ◽  
DAVID FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vertical Bars

Piglets from 51 litters were weighed weekly over a 5-wk lactation in an experiment that studied the effects of farrowing crate design and other factors on variation in piglet weight. Of two farrowing crates used, one had low horizontal bars that tended to impede access to the upper row of teats, while the other had angled vertical bars which permitted freer access. Fourteen-day weights were more uniform in the vertical-bar crates than in the horizontal-bar crates (P < 0.025), but the difference waned by day 35 (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in mean body weight owing to crate type (P < 0.05) for any of the weekly measurements but, by day 14, there was a significant linear trend (P < 0.05) at decreasing mean body weight with increasing litter size. The interaction between crate type and litter size was significant at the later ages (P < 0.01 at day 35) because the linear trend was more pronounced for horizontal-bar crates than for vertical. Litters differed greatly in the uniformity of their body weights. Much of the variation became established in the first and, to a lesser extent, the second week after birth. In those weeks, weight gains were highly variable and were not closely related to weight at the beginning of the week. Thereafter, the established differences tended to be perpetuated to 35 d, because weight gains were largely proportional to body weight. Within-litter competition appeared to influence weight gain considerably. Key words: Piglet, body weight, suckling behavior, sow, farrowing crate design, litter size

scholarly journals Effect of rebreeding interval on reproductive performance and body weight changes of does during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
E. O. Oyedipe ◽  
L. O. Eduvie ◽  
D. Ogwu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Size At Birth

The effect of rebreeding interval on the reproductive performance and body weight changes of does during pregnancy was investigated using 24 multiparous crossbred (New Zealand White X California) does. The does were placed on three treatments comprising mating at 14, 21 and 28 days postpartum. The docs were served 250g-concentrate meal (23% CP und 2600 kcal ME/kg) daily, while water was given ad libitum. Parameters monitored were doe willingness to mate, doe weights during pregnancy, feed intake, pregnancy rate, litter size and weight at birth, alive at birth and up to 21 days postpartum and stillbirth rate. Kits were weaned at 4 weeks of age. Results obtained showed that does mated 14 days postpartum lost more weight in the second week of pregnancy than the other groups. Rebreeding interval did not significantly (P>0.05) affect doe weight gain in the 19, 3" and 4th weeks of pregnancy. Does mated 14-d postpartum had significantly (P<0.05) higher feed intake during the l", 2nd and 3rd weeks of pregnancy. Feed:guin ratio was higher for does mated 21 d postpartum than for other treatments. Pregnancy rate was higher in the 14-d group and lowest in the 28-d group. Willingness to mate also decreased with increasing rebreeding interval. Litter size at birth, number of kits alive at birth and up to 28 days postpartum were not affected (P>0.05) by rebreeding interval as was the case for litter birth weight and percent stillbirths. Does mated 14 days postpartum however, had numerically more kits alive at birth and up to 28 days postpartum than the other groups. Litter weights were slightly higher for does mated 14 and 21 days postpartum than 28 days. It is concluded from this study that mating does 14 days postpartum under tropical conditions could increase the number of kits weaned per doe and hence increase profitability of the rabbit production enterprise. 

Turnover and Distribution of 131Iodine-Labelled Human Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Amris ◽  
C. J Amris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

Summary14 patients (5 diabetics with arteriosclerotic complications, 4 patients with thrombo-embolic disease, 4 with cirrhosis, coagulation defects and increased fibrinolytic activity, and 1 cancer patient) and 3 control patients were subjected to turnover studies with 13iodine labelled human fibrinogen.Half-life times in the control patients were found to be 4 days, the fractional turnover rates 19–23 per cent, of intravascular fibrinogen per day, and the absolute turnover 0.02 to 0.06 gm per day per kg. body weight. The other patient’s half-life times and turnover rates varied considerably from 0.9–5.5 days, 13–160 per cent, per day of intravascular fibrinogen and 0.02–0.4 gm per day per kg. body weight respectively.As fibrinogen unlike other proteins subjected to turnover studies, is converted to fibrin, it is not possible to measure the true intra-extravascular distribution ratio of fibrinogen. But intravascular fibrinogen could be approximated to constitute 68–99 per cent, of the total fibrinogen. There is justification in believing that fibrinogen is degradated through a continuous coagulation in equilibrium with fibrinolysis, and that the organism contains a greater mass of fibrin, the “fibrin pool”. Considerations of the turnover mechanism can however only be hypothetical.

scholarly journals Managing Obesity in Lockdown: Survey of Health Behaviors and Telemedicine

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Noga C Minsky ◽  
Dafna Pachter ◽  
Galia Zacay ◽  
Naama Chishlevitz ◽  
Miriam Ben-Hamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Prevent Weight Gain ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, billions of people have gone into lockdown, facing pandemic related challenges that engender weight gain, especially in the obese. We report the results of an online survey, conducted during Israel’s first quarantine, of 279 adults treated in hospital-based obesity clinics with counseling, medications, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or any combination of these for weight loss. In this study, we assessed the association between changes in dietary and lifestyle habits and body weight, and the benefits of receiving weight management care remotely through telemedicine during lockdown. Compared to patients not receiving obesity care via telemedicine, patients receiving this care were more likely to lose weight (OR, 2.79; p = 0.042) and also to increase participation in exercise (OR, 2.4; p = 0.022). While 40% of respondents reported consuming more sweet or salty processed snacks and 33% reported less vegetables and fruits, 65% reported more homemade foods. At the same time, 40% of respondents reported a reduction in exercise and 52% reported a decline in mood. Alterations in these eating patterns, as well as in exercise habits and mood, were significantly associated with weight changes. This study highlights that lockdown affects health behaviors associated with weight change, and advocates for the use of telemedicine to provide ongoing obesity care during future quarantines in order to promote weight loss and prevent weight gain.

scholarly journals Cognitive insight is associated with perceived body weight in overweight and obese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharain Suliman ◽  
Leigh L. van den Heuvel ◽  
Sanja Kilian ◽  
Erine Bröcker ◽  
Laila Asmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Weight Perception ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Accurate Perception

Abstract Background Accurate perception of body weight is necessary for individuals with a high body mass index (BMI) to initiate strategies to improve their health status. Furthermore, identifying factors that influence accurate body weight perception can assist in designing appropriate educational and weight management programs. We therefore aimed to investigate whether levels of cognitive functioning and insight influence the ability to correctly judge body weight. Methods One hundred and eighty four overweight and obese adults who participated in a cross- sectional case-control study and were controls in the aforementioned study were included. The study was conducted in Cape Town, South Africa. Demographic, weight-related, neuropsychiatric, neurocognitive and cognitive insight measures were administered. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors associated with correct weight perception. Results The final regression model explained 52.3% of variation in accurate perception of body weight and was significant (p ≤ 0. 001). The model correctly classified 79.3% of individuals who were able to correctly and incorrectly judge their weight. Adults with higher BMI, and lower self-certainty, those who reported that they had gained weight in the previous year and those who were told by a healthcare professional to lose or maintain a healthy weight were more likely to correctly judge their weight. Conclusion Some aspects of cognitive insight (self-certainty) but not cognitive functioning were associated with perception of body weight in this sample. Awareness of recent weight changes, higher BMI and advice from of health care professionals were also significantly associated with perception of body weight, while demographic variables were not. Understanding the factors that contribute to the correct perception of weight is important in identifying appropriate health interventions that may address the burden of associated non-communicable diseases in overweight and obese individuals.

scholarly journals Dental pulp stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor facilitate the repair of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Narayan Nepal ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Ningning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Colon Injury ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Fat Composition and 2’Fucosyllactose on Neonatal Piglet Growth and Organ Lipid Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1038
Author(s):  
Michael Miklus ◽  
Pedro Prieto ◽  
Cynthia Barber ◽  
Robert Rhoads ◽  
Samer El-Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Group 3

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of 2’fucosyllactose (2’FL) and fat blends on growth, body composition and fatty acid profile of the liver and brain using the neonatal pig as a model for the human infant. Methods Pigs (3 d old) were randomly assigned to either: 1. control, 2. Palm Olein (PO) fat blend – Low 2'-FL, 3. PO – High 2'-FL, 4. High oleic acid (HO) – Low 2'-FL, 5. HO FB – High 2'-FL, 6. PO FB – GLA, or 7. kept with their sows. Pigs in groups 1 to 6 received 250 ml·kg−1·d−1 of formula in 5 equal meals for 15 d. On day 14 of the study, groups 1–6 received intraperitoneal E. coli LPS challenge at 100 µg·kg−1 weight. Results Body weight was greater for piglets fed by sows than those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, % fat and bone mineral content were higher in the sow-fed group while lean % was less sow-fed piglets (group 7) compared with those in the other groups (P &lt; 0.05). Only longissimus weight expressed as a % of body weight, was greater for group 7 compared with all other groups (P &lt; 0.001). Soleus, semitendinosus, brain, heart and spleen weights as a % of body weight were similar across all groups. However, liver weight as a % of body weight was greater in groups 1–6 (3.7%) compared with group 7 (2.8%; P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of brain 16:1 fatty acid was less (0.83%) for groups 1–6 than for group 7 pigs (1.08%; P &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of 20:3 N6 was greatest (0.66%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 4 (0.55%; P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the proportion of 20:5 N3 was greatest (0.12%) for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 7 (0.07%; P &lt; 0.05). The proportion of liver 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 cis-11 fatty acids were greater for group 7 (2.3, 23, 2.2%) than groups 1–6 (0.2, 20, 1.2%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conversely, the contribution of 14:0, 18:1 cis-9, 18:3 N6 cis-6,9,12, and 22:6 N3 were greater for pigs in groups 1–6 (1.3, 0.6, and 14, 7.8%) compared with those in group 7 (0.5, 8.5, 0.2 and 3.5%; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions Our data suggest that feeding 2’fucosyllactose had no effect on the body weight gain and composition in neonatal pigs. Our data also suggest that dietary fatty acids have a greater effect on liver than on brain fatty acid composition. Funding Sources Funding for the work was provided by Perrigo Nutritionals, LLC.

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