scholarly journals L-carnitine supplementation of sows during pregnancy improves the suckling behaviour of their offspring

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Birkenfeld ◽  
Holger Kluge ◽  
Klaus Eder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Suckling Piglets

It has been shown that l-carnitine supplementation of sows increases their milk production and the postnatal growth of the suckling piglets. To test the hypothesis that this effect is due to an improved suckling behaviour of the piglets, two experiments with sows were performed. Two groups of thirteen or ten sows each (in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were fed diets with or without supplemental l-carnitine during pregnancy (125mg/d) and lactation (250mg/d). After birth, the litters of all sows were standardised to equal sizes of eleven and nine piglets per litter in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In experiment 1, the piglets of l-carnitine-supplemented sows had a higher total suckling time per day on days 3, 6 and 9, and greater weight gains during the suckling period, than the piglets of control sows (P<0·05). In experiment 2, all litters were taken away from their mothers and switched to other sows. Half of the control sows and half of the l-carnitine-supplemented sows were given litters born to control sows, the other half of each group being given litters born to l-carnitine-supplemented sows. Piglets born to l-carnitine-supplemented sows had a higher total suckling time per day on day 3 and greater body weight gains during the first 14d compared with piglets born to control sows (P<0·05). This study shows that piglets born to sows supplemented with l-carnitine are able to suckle for longer, which enables them to obtain more milk and grow faster than piglets born to control sows.

Growth and herbage consumption of grazing Merino and Border Leicester lambs reared by their mothers or fostered by ewes of the other breed

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYEight Border Leicester castrated male lambs (wethers) were fostered on to 8 Merino ewes (MB) at birth, and 10 Merino wethers were fostered on to Border Leicester ewes (BM). Two additional groups of 10 wethers consisted of Border Leicester lambs (BB) and Merino lambs (MM) reared by their natural mothers. The lambs and ewes grazed together and growth rate, and milk and herbage consumption of the lambs were recorded.Live-weight gains to weaning at 74 days were 275, 245, 204 and 184 g/day for groups BB, MB, BM and MM respectively. Lambs reared by Border Leicester ewes received more milk and consumed less grass than lambs of similar genotype reared by Merinos, but BM lambs consumed less milk than BB lambs. Merino lambs also consumed less grass than Border Leicester lambs.It was concluded that Merinos grew more slowly than Border Leicester lambs primarily because of their lower voluntary food intake. The lower milk production of Merino ewes was considered to be of secondary significance since if herbage is available ad libitum, lambs with high voluntary intakes will compensate for the lack of milk by consuming more forage.

scholarly journals Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on milk production, litter gains and back-fat thickness in sows with a low energy and protein intake during lactation

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ramanau ◽  
H. Kluge ◽  
K. Eder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fat Thickness

The present study investigated the effect of l-carnitine supplementation during pregnancy (125 mg/d) and lactation (250 mg/d) on milk production, litter gains and back-fat thickness in sows fed a low-energy and low-protein diet during lactation. Sows supplemented with l-carnitine produced more milk on days 11 and 18 of lactation (+18 %; P<0·05) and had higher litter gains during suckling (+20 %; P<0·01) than control sows. Loss of body weight during lactation was similar in both groups, but sows supplemented with l-carnitine had a greater reduction of back-fat thickness (+45 %; P<0·05) during lactation than control sows. In conclusion, this study shows that l-carnitine increases milk production and litter gains in sows in a strongly negative energy and N balance, and enhances body fat mobilisation.

scholarly journals Effect of teat order on piglet rearing results of native Złotnicka White breed

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-627
Author(s):  
E. Skrzypczak ◽  
K. Szulc ◽  
M. Babicz ◽  
J. T. Buczyński
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Animal Material

Abstract. Observations of animal behaviour during the first three weeks of life revealed the existence of a specific correlation between the use of individual teats by suckling piglets and successive pairs of teats. Therefore, it appeared justified to undertake experiments with the aim to study relationships between the use of teats by individual piglets and the results of their rearing, focusing in particular on small-sized domestic breeds. The experimental animal material comprised 20 litters which derived from 20 randomly selected sows of a native swine breed. The scope of the performed observations and analyses of parameters included: frequency of approaching the preferred teats, number and body weight of piglets, body weight gains as well as mortality of piglets throughout the rearing period.

scholarly journals VARIATION IN PIGLET WEIGHTS: DEVELOPMENT OF WITHIN-LITTER VARIATION OVER A 5-WEEK LACTATION AND EFFECT OF FARROWING CRATE DESIGN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. THOMPSON ◽  
DAVID FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vertical Bars

Piglets from 51 litters were weighed weekly over a 5-wk lactation in an experiment that studied the effects of farrowing crate design and other factors on variation in piglet weight. Of two farrowing crates used, one had low horizontal bars that tended to impede access to the upper row of teats, while the other had angled vertical bars which permitted freer access. Fourteen-day weights were more uniform in the vertical-bar crates than in the horizontal-bar crates (P < 0.025), but the difference waned by day 35 (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in mean body weight owing to crate type (P < 0.05) for any of the weekly measurements but, by day 14, there was a significant linear trend (P < 0.05) at decreasing mean body weight with increasing litter size. The interaction between crate type and litter size was significant at the later ages (P < 0.01 at day 35) because the linear trend was more pronounced for horizontal-bar crates than for vertical. Litters differed greatly in the uniformity of their body weights. Much of the variation became established in the first and, to a lesser extent, the second week after birth. In those weeks, weight gains were highly variable and were not closely related to weight at the beginning of the week. Thereafter, the established differences tended to be perpetuated to 35 d, because weight gains were largely proportional to body weight. Within-litter competition appeared to influence weight gain considerably. Key words: Piglet, body weight, suckling behavior, sow, farrowing crate design, litter size

WEIGHT CHANGES IN CATTLE ON DRY RANGE IN RELATION TO CHEMICAL TREATMENTS FOR FLY CONTROL

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Haufe ◽  
C. O. M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Powder Suspension ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Subclinical Toxicity

The weight gains of yearling calves were analysed in a field experiment primarily designed to compare the distribution of flies among animals in two large herds, one unprotected and the other treated regularly for the control of biting flies. The treated animals received three applications of Co-Ral as a 0.5% wettable-powder suspension at 3-week intervals. Weight gains in the treated herd were lower by 6.5% of body weight as compared with the control herd. Weight gains increased in the treated herd after DDT was substituted for Co-Ral in the fly-control operation. The reduction in weight gains in the treated herd was attributed to subclinical toxicity of the organophosphate pesticide during repeated treatments.

scholarly journals Briquettes manufacturing: mechanisation of briquette productions at SME santan coco

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Saharman Gea ◽  
Diana Alemin Barus Diana ◽  
Elisa Julianti Elisa ◽  
Aditia Warman Aditia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Other Hand

The fabrication of briquettes is required to be introduced extensively to society in order to provide additional economic value for charcoal crafters to increase their income. The SME Santan Coco as partnership enterprise of community service under supervising of Universitas Sumatera Utara has been producing briquettes since 2018 resulted from waste of coconut milk production. However, the methodology of producing briquettes can be considered to be insufficient. The production is started by the addition of charcoal powder with adhesives compounds which is followed manual stirring. The moulding process involves by using a lever utilizing body-weight, which produces two briquettes. The charcoal powder is obtained by manually crushing the charcoal, so that its granular size is not uniform. The briquette production is very slow due to the equipment used produces two briquettes. On the other hand, the preparation of raw materials into the moulding equipment requires longer time, as well as removing the ready-to-use briquette from the mould. The prepared mixture must be printed immediately, so that the adhesive is not dried. The final product fabricated by the partner shows that the granular sizes are different which affects the density parameters, productions volume accounted for 50 kg per day. Therefore, a mechanism of briquette production is proposed and introduced to the partner, which involves from charcoal breaking, mixing and molding briquettes. A charcoal crusher uses a hammer mill system with 12 eyes, equipped with a filter. The mixing of adhesive substances utilizes a ribbon blade mixing system, while the briquette printing is designed with a screw system. After being implemented, a very significant increase in production up to 500 kg of wet briquettes per day with higher density and more uniform as well as neater granular size has been obtained.

Turnover and Distribution of 131Iodine-Labelled Human Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 404-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Amris ◽  
C. J Amris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Coagulation Defects ◽  
Fractional Turnover

Summary14 patients (5 diabetics with arteriosclerotic complications, 4 patients with thrombo-embolic disease, 4 with cirrhosis, coagulation defects and increased fibrinolytic activity, and 1 cancer patient) and 3 control patients were subjected to turnover studies with 13iodine labelled human fibrinogen.Half-life times in the control patients were found to be 4 days, the fractional turnover rates 19–23 per cent, of intravascular fibrinogen per day, and the absolute turnover 0.02 to 0.06 gm per day per kg. body weight. The other patient’s half-life times and turnover rates varied considerably from 0.9–5.5 days, 13–160 per cent, per day of intravascular fibrinogen and 0.02–0.4 gm per day per kg. body weight respectively.As fibrinogen unlike other proteins subjected to turnover studies, is converted to fibrin, it is not possible to measure the true intra-extravascular distribution ratio of fibrinogen. But intravascular fibrinogen could be approximated to constitute 68–99 per cent, of the total fibrinogen. There is justification in believing that fibrinogen is degradated through a continuous coagulation in equilibrium with fibrinolysis, and that the organism contains a greater mass of fibrin, the “fibrin pool”. Considerations of the turnover mechanism can however only be hypothetical.

scholarly journals Dental pulp stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor facilitate the repair of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Narayan Nepal ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Ningning Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Colon Injury ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC.

scholarly journals Milk Production, Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Activity, and Rumination of Organic Dairy Cattle Grazing Two Different Pasture Systems Incorporating Cool- and Warm-Season Forages

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Ritz ◽  
Bradley J. Heins ◽  
Roger D. Moon ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
Sharon L. Weyers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
System 2 ◽  
System 1

Organic dairy cows were used to evaluate the effect of two organic pasture production systems (temperate grass species and warm-season annual grasses and cool-season annuals compared with temperate grasses only) across two grazing seasons (May to October of 2014 and 2015) on milk production, milk components (fat, protein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), somatic cell score (SCS)), body weight, body condition score (BCS), and activity and rumination (min/day). Cows were assigned to two pasture systems across the grazing season at an organic research dairy in Morris, Minnesota. Pasture System 1 was cool-season perennials (CSP) and Pasture System 2 was a combination of System 1 and warm-season grasses and cool-season annuals. System 1 and System 2 cows had similar milk production (14.7 and 14.8 kg d−1), fat percentage (3.92% vs. 3.80%), protein percentage (3.21% vs. 3.17%), MUN (12.5 and 11.5 mg dL−1), and SCS (4.05 and 4.07), respectively. Cows in System 1 had greater daily rumination (530 min/day) compared to cows in System 2 (470 min/day). In summary, warm-season annual grasses may be incorporated into grazing systems for pastured dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Milk Yield and Composition of Mixed-Breed Goats on Rangeland during the Dry Season and the Effect on the Growth of Their Progeny

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Flores-Najera ◽  
Venancio Cuevas-Reyes ◽  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Sergio Beltrán-López ◽  
César A. Meza-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Mixed Breed

We tested whether the milk yield capacity of mixed-breed goats on a Chihuahuan desert rangeland in northern Mexico during the dry season affects milk composition, body weight gain, and weaning weight of their progeny. Milk yield and composition, and progeny postnatal growth performance, were recorded weekly. One week after kidding, mixed-breed goats (a mixture of Criollo × dairy breeds; n = 40) were allotted into medium (MP) or low (LP) milk yielding groups (20 goats per group). Mean 105-d total milk yield for MP and LP goats was 45.2 ± 12.5 and 20.7 ± 5.2 L, respectively. Milk lactose (4.3 vs. 4.2%) and solids-non-fat (SNF; 8.2 vs. 8.0) differed (p < 0.05) between MP and LP goats; milk protein content tended to differ (p = 0.08) between MP and LP goats with no difference for milk fat content (p > 0.05). Maternal body weight was positively associated with milk yield, milk lactose, and SNF content (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Goats giving birth to males produce more milk than goats giving birth to females, but milk fat percentage was higher in goats bearing females (p < 0.001). Milk yield and composition throughout lactation did not influence body weight gain (47.8 vs. 48.7 g/day for kids from MP and LP goats) and weaning weight (6.7 vs. 6.7 kg from MP and LP goats) of the offspring (p > 0.05). Birth weight and weaning weight of the progeny were positively related to maternal body weight (p ≤ 0.05). The postnatal growth of the kids was reduced, extending the time to reach market weight. Nevertheless, non-supplemented mixed-breed goats reared on semi-arid rangeland of northern Mexico have the potential for moderate milk production. Therefore, due to the limited nutrients ingested by grazing goats during the dry season, a nutritional supplement is necessary to keep up milk production and adequate growth of kids.

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