FURTHER STUDIES OF SURVIVAL AND SERUM PROTEIN COMPOSITION IN COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED PIGS REARED IN A NON-ISOLATED ENVIRONMENT

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Owen ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Immune Globulins ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Swine Serum

Forty-eight newborn colostrum-deprived pigs were studied in an experiment designed to provide further information regarding effects of immune globulin source (university herd vs. abattoir blood), period of globulin feeding (5 days vs. 10 days), albumin feeding, and birth weight on survival and serum protein composition.Orally administered immune globulins from either university or abattoir swine serum provided an effective passive immunity during the period of administration. This response was presumed to be partly attributable to coproantibody activity of the globulins. Albumin feeding and the birth weight of the pigs had no effect on survival. The absence of the birth weight effect, which had been observed consistently in earlier experiments, was probably due to the fact that it was not possible, in allotting the pigs, to establish an appreciable difference in average birth weight.Mortality increased progressively during the experiment, indicating an increasing disease level. It was concluded that improved sanitary practices would be essential if this type of rearing program were to have practical value.The distribution of serum proteins at 2 days of age reflected experimental treatments. In globulin-treated pigs the usual decline in γ-globulin levels between 2 days and 4–6 weeks of age was noted. Possible reasons for certain unexpected differences in serum albumin levels are discussed.

EFFECTS OF PORCINE IMMUNE GLOBULIN ADMINISTRATION ON THE SURVIVAL AND SERUM PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED PIGS REARED IN A NON-ISOLATED ENVIRONMENT

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Owen ◽  
J. M. Bell ◽  
C. M. Williams ◽  
R. G. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Immune Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Paper Strip ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Immune Globulins

Five experiments involving 90 newborn colostrum-deprived pigs were conducted in an attempt to develop a method of rearing applicable in a non-isolated environment. Immune globulins, prepared by ammonium sulphate fractionation of porcine serum, and comprised of a mixture of approximately 75 per cent γ-globulin and 25 per cent β-globulin, were administered orally or parenterally in varying amounts and for varying periods of time. In two experiments porcine albumin, in serum or in a semi-purified solution, was provided in addition to the immune globulins. The distribution of serum proteins in the pigs was studied from birth to 12 weeks of age by paper strip electrophoresis.Parenteral administration of immune globulins did not provide an effective passive immunity, nor did oral administration for 1 day post-partum. A marked improvement in survival occurred when oral administration was continued for 5 days, and it was further found that this treatment provided apparently complete protection against infection during the 5-day period of administration. Albumin appeared to further improve survival.These results, together with the relatively poor survival obtained with positive control pigs (nursed 24 hours) suggested a continuing need for a supply of immune globulins in the lumen of the intestinal tract. Presumably these globulins were active as coproantibodies.The percentage survival in pigs weighing 3 pounds or more at birth was substantially higher than in smaller pigs. Mortality in these experiments was usually attributable to colibacillosis.Serum immune globulin levels at 2 days of age in the artificially reared pigs were elevated in proportion to the amount of globulins given. The effect of albumin was to create a serum protein pattern resembling that of suckled pigs. A marked decline in γ-globulin levels from 2 days to approximately 6 weeks was observed.

Serum Albumin and Other Serum Protein Fractions in Stable Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Caravaca ◽  
Manuel Arrobas ◽  
Carmen Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Baseline Values

Background Hypoalbuminemia is common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients; but the reduction in serum albumin levels (SAlb) that should be expected in stable PD patients is less clear. Objectives To determine prospectively, in a group of stable PD patients without comorbid conditions, the changes in SAlb concentration and in the concentrations of the other serum protein fractions. To investigate the best determinants of a significant decrease in SAlb levels. Design Prospective observational study. Methods Seventeen PD patients in stable clinical condition, with no signs of systemic inflammatory response, were included in the study. SAlb and the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins were determined immediately before PD start, and after 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months on PD. In each study period, clinical characteristics, adequacy parameters, protein catabolic rate (PNPNA: protein equivalent of non protein nitrogen appearance), and protein losses were determined. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether SAlb decreased less than 10%, or 10% or more, from baseline values after 24 months on PD. The main differences between the subgroups were investigated. Results Mean SAlb did not decrease significantly after 24 months on PD (from baseline 3.99 ± 0.46 g/dL to 3.80 ± 0.54 g/dL), though percentage SAlb values did (58.36% ± 5.58% vs 55.15% ± 5.42%, p < 0.01). A weak increase in α2-globulin was observed after 18 months on PD (from 10.62% ± 2.53% to 12.96% ± 2.51%, p = 0.001). α1-Globulin showed a sustained increase from a mean baseline value of 3.51% ± 1.09% to 6.83% ± 2.13% after 24 months ( p < 0.0001). Seven patients had a reduction in SAlb greater than 10% after 24 months on PD. Kt/V urea and residual renal function tended to be lower in patients whose SAlb decreased. Mean PNPNA was significantly lower in patients who had a reduction in SAlb (0.76 ± 0.12 g/kg/day vs 0.96 ± 0.12 g/kg/day, p < 0.0001). However, total protein loss was even greater in patients who had no SAlb reduction. Conclusions After 24 months on PD, a mean reduction in SAlb of 10% – 15% from baseline values should be expected only in those stable patients whose PNPNA is low.

scholarly journals Studies in Bisalbuminemia: Binding Properties of the Two Albumins

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD J. SARCIONE ◽  
C. WILLIAM AUNGST
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Serum Components

Abstract 1. An abnormal serum protein pattern in a patient with Wegener’s granulomatosis and five of his relatives was identified as bisalbuminemia by electrophoretic and immunochemical methods. 2. With the exception of the patient with Wegener’s syndrome, the presence of bisalbuminemia was not associated with a significant change in total serum proteins, total albumin, serum components other than albumin, or any disease. 3. Addition of I131-thyroxine to bisalbumin sera resulted in thyroxine binding by albumin B but not by albumin A. The failure of albumin A to bind added I131-thyroxine leads to speculation that, in this family, neither albumin A nor B are identical to normal human serum albumin.

scholarly journals Serum Fructosamine in Uraemia, Myeloma and Acute Inflammatory Disorders—Relationship to Serum Glucose and Albumin Levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R McCance ◽  
K C Clarke ◽  
L Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Serum Fructosamine

There has been considerable interest in the serum fructosamine assay as a measure of glycated serum proteins. We have measured serum fructosamine in three groups of patients—those with uraemia; those with multiple myeloma; and those with acute inflammatory conditions—none of whom were known to have diabetes. Serum fructosamine was significantly higher in the uraemic group than in the other two, and also than in a control group. When allowance was made for prevailing serum albumin levels fructosamine was shown to be increased in the acute inflammatory group also. There was a significant correlation between random plasma glucose and serum fructosamine only when fructosamine was adjusted for prevailing albumin levels. In control and uraemic subjects there was a significant positive correlation between serum fructosamine and albumin levels, whereas in the myeloma group there was a negative correlation with serum protein. These data would suggest the need to take into account serum albumin levels and protein composition if serum fructosamine is accurately to reflect short-term integrated glycaemia.

scholarly journals SERUM PROTEIN EVALUATION OF PIT BULL, BULLMASTIFF AND CANE CORSO BREEDS OF DOMESTIC DOG (CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Chuku L.C. ◽  
◽  
Chinaka N.C. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
G Ratio

The diversity of proteins, their metabolism and protein functions are attributed to a wide range of responses in cells, organs and tissues of animals. The study evaluated specific serum proteins from male and female gender of 3 dog breeds (Pit bull, Bullmastiff and Cane corso). Cellulose acetate electrophoresis technique was used to ascertain the concentrations (g/dL) of the individual serum proteins and compared to the respective normal reference values for domestic dog. Results obtained indicate that the Pit bull (male and female) and the Bullmastiff (female) had serum albumin concentrations that were higher than the normal reference range. An increase above normal in serum globulin (α1-globulin, α2-globulin and β2-globulin) concentrations was observed in the female Cane corso breed, as other dog gender and breed fell within reference range. A comparison based on serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio of the dog breeds revealed a normal A/G concentration except for the female Cane corso (0.36 g/dL) which was lower than normal, and the female Pit bull (1.19 g/dL) which was found to be higher. Such abnormal decrease and or increase in these respective serum protein concentrations could be attributed to prolong dehydration due to the dogs regular activity and low fluid (water) replacement and or incidences of mild to acute inflammatory response/disease due to consumption of a certain diet type over time.

scholarly journals SITES OF FORMATION OF IMMUNE GLOBULINS AND OF A COMPONENT OF C'3

1961 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hochwald ◽  
G. J. Thorbecke ◽  
R. Asofsky
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Immune Globulins

The development of a new method for the determination of the sites of serum protein formation has been described. The method involves the incorporation of C14-labeled amino acids by tissues cultured in vitro, and subsequent autoradiography of immunoelectrophoretic patterns prepared from a mixture of culture fluids and carrier serum with an antiserum against the carrier serum. This technique has been used to demonstrate formation of γ-globulin, of ß2-macroglobulin, and of a component of C'3 by mouse spleen tissue, and of various other serum proteins by liver tissue. The specificity and sensitivity of this method have been discussed, and some of its advantages and pitfalls were mentioned. In addition, a rabbit antimouse serum was prepared, and the immunoelectrophoretic patterns obtained with mouse serum were compared with those described in the literature.

The content and composition of protein in creamery milks in south-west Scotland

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas Davies ◽  
Andrew J. R. Law
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
South West ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Individual

SUMMAARYThe content and composition of protein in milk samples from creameries in south-west Scotland were determined over a period of 12 months. The composition of the whole casein was expressed in terms of αsl-, β-, κ-, αs2- and γ-caseins, and that of the total milk serum protein in terms of β-lactoglobulins (β-lg), α-lactalbumins, bovine serum albumin, and a mixture of immunoglobulins, proteose-peptone component 3 and lactoferrin (IPL). Concentrations of the individual caseins varied appreciably and for most, concentration was closely correlated with and showed the same seasonal pattern as total casein concentration. Concentrations of the milk serum proteins also varied but only those of β-lg and the IPL fraction were closely correlated with that of total milk serum protein and seasonal trends were not marked. Relative amounts of the individual proteins, on the other hand, showed smaller variations and so throughout the experimental period the milks contained a protein complex of comparatively constant composition. Because of this comparative constancy it would appear that seasonal variations in milk properties in south-west Scotland are unlikely to be determined to a major extent by milk protein composition, but could be more affected by protein concentration.

A Precipitin-like Reaction of the Hemolymph of the Lobster Homarus americanus

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1392-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
Diane M. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Fluorescent Material

The levels of fluorescent material in the hemolymph of lobsters injected with serum proteins from lobster hemolymph labelled with fluorescein remained relatively constant over a 6-day test period; the levels in lobsters injected with bovine serum albumin labelled with fluorescein declined rapidly. A precipitin-like reaction was observed when lobster hemolymph serum was titrated with bovine serum albumin in vitro.

scholarly journals Human serum protein fractionation by gel filtration

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Freeman ◽  
J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Protein Fractionation ◽  
Logical Approach ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Human Serum Protein ◽  
Immunological Technique ◽  
Current Terminology

The development of a quantitative immunological technique using polyvalent antiserum permits a more logical approach to the fractionation of complex protein mixtures. In this study whole serum was separated by conventional gel filtration and the fractions obtained were analysed. This demonstrates over 60 immunologically distinct serum proteins. Because the current terminology is inadequate to describe this number of proteins, a temporary numerical nomenclature has been used.

Muscle Weight Relationship to Serum Proteins, Hemocytes, and Hepatopancreas in the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Diane M. Foley ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
C. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Total serum protein values, hemocyte numbers, and muscle weights were determined for 216 intermolt lobsters immediately after their capture, and for 230 others held captive under a variety of dietary and environmental conditions. Average muscle values ranged from approximately 13% to the more normal 20–25% of the live animals' weight, depending upon experimental conditions. The total serum protein up to a level of 55 mg/ml was shown to be a reliable indicator of muscle weights, although the relationship was not identical for all lobster groups. It appeared to be modified chiefly by the areas from which the different groups were taken. Diet was more important than the temperatures (5 to 14 C) in affecting changes in muscle and serum protein values. Starvation caused a greater reduction (50 to 70%) in the size of the hepatopancreas than in the muscle. Histological examination of the hepatopancreatic tissue showed that the lipid content was markedly reduced upon starvation and that a degeneration of this organ was apparent for lobsters fed a beef liver and herring diet. Measurement of serum proteins would appear to be a useful technique in experiments on lobster nutrition and have value, within specified limits, for assessing the physiological condition of wild lobsters.

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