scholarly journals VITAMIN A AND CAROTENE STUDIES WITH FATTENING BEEF CATTLE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Roberts ◽  
G. D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Liver Vitamin

Three feeding trials were conducted to study the effect of feeding various levels of vitamin A or carotene on weight gains, feed conversion and changes in liver vitamin A stores of fattening steers. The daily intake of 6,000 I.U. of vitamin A did not prevent vitamin A deficiency during a 126-day feeding period, when average initial liver vitamin A stores of the steers were 6.8 micrograms per gram of fresh liver. On the other hand, steers with liver vitamin A stores of 51.8 micrograms per gram of fresh liver, and receiving no supplemental vitamin A or carotene, showed no vitamin A deficiency symptoms and gained approximately the same as steers receiving 17,958 or 35,875 I.U. of vitamin A daily during a 133-day feeding period. Steers receiving the vitamin A-carotene free rations did not require significantly more feed per 100 pounds gain than steers receiving similar rations and supplemented with various levels of vitamin A or carotene. Initial liver vitamin A stores of 73.4 micrograms per gram of fresh liver were not maintained in fattening steers receiving 72,100 I.U. of vitamin A daily during 112 days. Steers consuming 63.3 milligrams of B-carotene or 25,000 I.U. of vitamin A daily showed similar losses in initial liver vitamin A stores during 133 days, suggesting a conversion ratio of carotene to vitamin A of approximately 8.4:1, on a weight basis.

Vitamin A Status and Hepatic Drug Metabolism in the Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Becking
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Hepatic Drug Metabolism ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Hepatic Drug ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The effect of vitamin A status on hepatic drug metabolism was studied in rats. Animals were fed diets with and without vitamin A for 20 and 25 days. Weight gains of control and deficient animals were not significantly different, whereas liver vitamin A levels had decreased to less than 10% of control animals after 20 days and were essentially zero after eating the deficient diet for 25 days. Aniline metabolism in vitro and aminopyrine metabolism in vitro and in vivo were significantly lower in male weanling rats fed a vitamin A deficient diet for 20 days. No alteration in in vitro p-nitrobenzoic acid metabolism was noted after 25 days on the test. Vitamin A deficiency did not alter microsomal protein levels or cytochrome c reductase activity but deficient animals did have a lower microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. Hepatic enzyme activities and cytochrome P-450 levels were restored to values approaching those found in control animals by feeding vitamin A deficient rats the vitamin A containing diet for 21 days. Liver vitamin A levels were markedly increased after re-feeding studies but were still significantly lower than control animals.

Vitamin A deficiency in drought-fed sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (54) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Bayfield ◽  
DG Saville ◽  
RH Falk
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Liver Vitamin

Vitamin A deficiency was observed in sheep that had been maintained for 55 weeks on grain-based diets. Mean (� S.E.) plasma and liver vitamin A levels were 6.1 � 5.7 �g/100 ml and 23.9 � 33.0 �g/g respectively. When the sheep were treated with vitamin A or transferred to green pasture, deficiency signs disappeared rapidly and after five weeks, mean vitamin A had increased to 23.3 � 5.7 �/100 ml in plasma, and after nine weeks to 179.5 � 42.5 �g/g in liver.

scholarly journals Effect of biscuits fortified with different doses of vitamin A on indices of vitamin A status, haemoglobin and physical growth levels of pre-school children in Chongqing

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Ping Qu ◽  
You-Xue Liu ◽  
Ting-Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of biscuits fortified with different doses of vitamin A on improving vitamin A deficiency (VAD), anaemia and physical growth of pre-school children.DesignA randomised double-masked population-based field interventional trial with a positive control group.SettingBanan district of Chongqing, China.SubjectsA total of 580 pre-school children aged 3–6 years were randomly recruited into four groups. Children in groups I and II were given biscuits fortified with vitamin A at 30 % of the recommended daily intake (RDA) and 100 % of the RDA once a day for 9 and 3 months, respectively. Children in group III received biscuits containing 20 000 IU of vitamin A once a week for 3 months. Initially, the children in group IV received a 200 000 IU vitamin A capsule just once. At the beginning and end of the study, blood samples were collected to measure Hb, serum retinol, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin, and weight and height were measured.ResultsAll the fortification types significantly decreased the prevalence of VAD and anaemia in each group (P < 0·05). The effect of 9-month intervention on group I was the most efficient (P < 0·0045). After intervention, the Z-scores of height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height in all groups increased markedly compared with baseline (P < 0·05), but no significant difference was observed among the groups.ConclusionsData indicated that consuming vitamin A-fortified biscuits with daily 100 % RDA for 3 months has the same effect on the improvement of VAD, anaemia and physical growth as did the weekly 20 000 IU and single 200 000 IU administration in pre-school children.

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding on Juvenile Growth Rate of Wader Fish (Rashbora argyrotaenia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ravita Kusuma Dewi ◽  
I Wayan Arthana ◽  
Dewa Ayu Angga Pebriani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Aquaculture is an activity to develop, obtain, reproduce and produce a fishery with the help of human resources. One of the cultivation practices is wader fish (Rashbora argyrotaenia) which is known for its very slow growth and relatively small size. This study aims to determine the growth rate of wader fish with different feeds in Blado Kulon Village, Tegalsiwalan, Probolinggo. The feed used was feed A in the form of fish pellets as a control, feed B consisting of a mixture of conch flour, soybean flour, bran, and tapioca flour, while feed C consisted of a mixture of conch flour, cassava leaf flour, bran and tapioca flour. The study was conducted for 42 days. The parameters measured in this study were temperature, DO, and pH, as well as observing the growth in absolute weight, specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate, and feed concentration ratio (FCR). Observations were analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tests were carried out using the Duncan test. The results showed that different feeding did not have a significant effect on growth rate, absolute weight, feed conversion ratio, and survival of wader fish. Water quality parameters measured include temperature with an average of 28.42oC - 28.54 oC, while pH has an average of 7.42 - 7.50, and dissolved oxygen (DO) with an average of 5.54 - 6, 23 mg / L.

scholarly journals Supplemental vitamin A enhances the recovery from iron deficiency in rats with chronic vitamin A deficiency

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
AnnetJ.C Roodenburg ◽  
Clive E West ◽  
Robert Hovenierl ◽  
Anton C Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin

Studies with anaemic children and pregnant women from areas where vitamin A deficiency is endemic have shown a beneficial effect on Fe status of supplemental vitamin A in addition to Fe supplementation. This suggests a relationship between vitamin Aand Fe status, which we attempted to mimic in rats with anaemia and chronic vitaminA deficiency. Male rats were fed on Fe-adequate diets (35 mg Fe/kg)containing different levels of vitamin A (1200,450,150,75 and 0 retinol equivalents (RE)/kg feed) until they were 5 weeks old. These diets wereidentical to the diets fed to their mothers. Then the young male rats were transferred to diets containing the same levels of vitamin A but no added Fe. After another 2 weeks the rats wererepleted with Fe (35 mg/kg feed) without or with vitamin A to a level of 1200 RE/kg feed. Increased vitamin A intake by the groups previously fed on diets with either 0 or 75 RE/kg produced a reduction in blood haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count. In the group which had been fed on the diet without vitamin A, supplemental vitamin A raised mean cell volume, plasma Fe concentration and total Fe-binding capacity. Vitamin A supplementation during the period of Fe repletion produceda decrease in splenic and tibia Fe concentration, the effect being greater with increasing seventy of previous vitamin A deficiency. The paradoxical effect of supplemental vitamin A on haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count can be explained by a decrease in the degree of haemwoncentration. Thus, the positive effect of supplemental vitamin A seen in humans is also observed with rats under controlled experimental conditions. We speculate that supplemental vitamin A during Fe repletion contributes to optimum erythropoiesis and Fe mobilization when baseline vitamin A status is impaired

Biological evidence to define a vitamin A deficiency cutoff using total liver vitamin A reserves

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022199273
Author(s):  
Sherry A Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Liver Vitamin

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in essential functions including growth, immunity, reproduction, and vision. The vitamin A Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for North Americans suggested that a minimally acceptable total liver vitamin A reserve (TLR) is 0.07 µmol/g, which is not explicitly expressed as a vitamin A deficiency cutoff. The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development panel set the TLR cutoff for vitamin A deficiency at 0.1 µmol/g based on changes in biological response of several physiological parameters at or above this cutoff. The criteria used to formulate the DRIs include clinical ophthalmic signs of vitamin A deficiency, circulating plasma retinol concentrations, excretion of vitamin A metabolites in the bile, and long-term storage of vitamin A as protection against vitamin A deficiency during times of low dietary intake. This review examines the biological responses that occur as TLRs are depleted. In consideration of all of the DRI criteria, the review concludes that induced biliary excretion and long-term vitamin A storage do not occur until TLRs are >0.10 µmol/g. If long-term storage is to continue to be part of the DRI criteria, vitamin A deficiency should be set at a minimum cutoff of 0.10 µmol/g and should be set higher during times of enhanced requirements where TLRs can be rapidly depleted, such as during lactation or in areas with high infection burden. In population-based surveys, cutoffs are important when using biomarkers of micronutrient status to define the prevalence of deficiency and sufficiency to inform public health interventions. Considering the increasing use of quantitative biomarkers of vitamin A status that indirectly assess TLRs, i.e. the modified-relative-dose response and retinol-isotope dilution tests, setting a TLR as a vitamin A deficiency cutoff is important for users of these techniques to estimate vitamin A deficiency prevalence. Future researchers and policymakers may suggest that DRIs should be set with regard to optimal health and not merely to prevent a micronutrient deficiency.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin A on feed conversion and the main nutrients of the edible portion of the carcass of bulls fed on rations malt sprouts

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Alexander Fedorovich Krisanov ◽  
Andrei Vladimirovich Valoshin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Different Doses

The data on the influence of different doses of vitamin A on feed conversion in the main nutrients of the edible portion of the carcass of bulls fed on diets with malt sprouts are given. It was found out that in this diet it is necessary to add A-vitamin supplements,  23-24 thousand IU per 100 kg of live weight. It improves average daily gains of bulls by 11.4 %, of the weight of the carcass – by 6.0 %, including pulp by 7.2 %. The content of protein in the flesh of the carcass increases by 7.6 %, fat – by 8.8 % energy –  by 8.2 %. Conversion ratio of feed protein to food protein increases by 1.23 %, of energy feed – by 0.77 %.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of feeding sundried sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) meal and its whole meal to weaner rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
C. C. Ekwe ◽  
I. Nwabueze ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potato Meal ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the comparative effect of feeding sundried sweet potato and its whole meal to weaner rabbits. The proximate analysis conducted revealed that sundried sweet potato meal and whole sundried sweet potato meal samples were rather low in protein contents as compared to maize. Twenty seven Weaner rabbits averaging 0.35kg were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups in a completely randomized design. Each treatment group was replicated 3 times. Sundried Sweet potato meal and its whole meal replaced maize at 20% inclusion level. Treatments 1, 2, and 3 contained the control, sundried sweet potato meal (SSPM) and whole sundried sweet potato meal (WSSPM) respectively at 20% levels of inclusion. The weaner rabbits were fed ad-libitum throughout the experimental period. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for growth performance of the rabbits in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio in the weaner rabbits using sundried sweet potato and its whole meal. The values of mean daily weight gain ranged from 16.33g in treatment 2 (SSPM) to 18.47g in treatment 1 (control). Treatment 3 (WSSPM) gave a higher value that is comparable (p>0.05) to that of the control diet but better (p<0.05) than that of treatment 3 (SSPM). The values of average daily feed intake also ranged from 43g in treatment 2 (SSPM) to 50g in treatment 1 (control). WSSPM was consumed more than (p<0.05) than the SSPM which however influenced the cost of total feed consumed. Moreover, the values of feed conversion ratio (FCR) ranged from 2.54 in treatment 3 (WSSPM) to 2.70 in treatment 1 (control). Significant differences (p<0.05) were also observed in bio-economics of production of weaner rabbits using the test diets. The cost per kg feed, cost of total feed consumed per rabbit, cost per kg weight gain and revenue of the rabbits fed the test diets were significantly lower than the control diet however, the cost per kg weight gain was lower (p<0.05) for treatment 3 (WSSPM). For gross margin, WSSPM value was significantly higher (p<0.05) than SSPM value and the control diet. It was concluded that whole sundried sweet potato meal can be a good feed ingredient in rabbit diet.

EFFECT OF QUALITY AND LEVEL OF GROUND FORAGE IN RATIONS FOR FINISHING STEERS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. ROBERTSON ◽  
S. E. BEACOM
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Good Medium

Good, medium and poor quality forages were ground and added, at levels of 20, 45, 70 and 95%, to complete mixed rations for finishing long-yearling steers. Dry-rolled barley, supplemented with vitamin A, minerals and an antibiotic, constituted the remainder of each ration. The rations were self-fed to groups of eight steers, four Charolais × Hereford and four Aberdeen Angus. Increasing the level of forage reduced average daily gain, efficiency of feed conversion and dressing percentage and increased days on feed. Generally, the effect of roughage quality on these criteria was significant only at the 95% level of medium quality forage and at the 70 and 95% levels of poor quality forage. The rate of gain (1.04 kg daily) and carcass grades (87% Canada Choice or Good) of steers fed 95% good quality forage indicated the potential for producing finished beef in areas where good quality forages can be produced more economically than grain. The Charolais crossbred steers gained significantly faster, required a longer feeding period to reach a preselected degree of finish, and received a lower average carcass grade than the Angus steers.

Effects of retinoic acid on the concentrations of radioactive metabolites of retinol in tissues of rats maintained on a retinol-deficient diet

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 826-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pangala V. Bhat ◽  
André Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Retinyl Ester ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding retinoic acid for 2 and 6 days on the metabolism of labeled retinol in tissues of rats maintained on a vitamin A deficient diet was studied. The metabolites of retinol were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Feeding retinoic acid for 2 days significantly reduced the blood retinol and retinyl ester levels without affecting the vitamin A content of the liver. In intestine and testis the content of labeled retinoic acid was decreased significantly by dietary retinoic acid. Addition of retinoic acid to the diet for 6 days resulted, in addition to decreased blood retinol and retinyl ester values, in an increase in the retinyl ester values in the liver. The accumulation of retinyl ester in the retinoic acid fed rat liver was accompanied by an absence of labeled retinoic acid. Kidney tissue was found to contain the highest levels of labeled retinoic acid, retinol, and retinyl esters; dietary retinoic acid did not alter the concentrations of these retinoids in the kidney during the experimental period. Since kidney retained more vitamin A when the liver vitamin A was low and also dietary retinoic acid did not affect the concentrations of radioactive retinoic acid in the kidney, it is suggested that the kidney may play a major role in the production of retinoic acid from retinol in the body.Key words: retinol, retinoic acid, vitamin A deficiency, tissue metabolites, rat.

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