APPLICATION OF CO-RAL FOR SYSTEMIC CONTROL OF CATTLE GRUBS HYPODERMA LINEATUM (DE V1LL.) AND H. BOVIS (L.)

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
M. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
Systemic Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Shipping Fever

Sprays of 0.5 per cent (weight by volume) CO-RAL wettaible powder (WP) in water applied to the entire body of the unweaned calves on September 12, 1958, reduced warble infestation by 99.5 per cent and gave significantly better control (P < 0.01) than similar treatments with CO-RAL emulsifiable concentrate (EC) or WP on October 30, 1958. Topline spraying in October with 0.75 per cent CO-RAL EC was as effective as similar over-all sprays applied at the same time or 0.5 per cent CO-RAL WP sprayed over-all 6 weeks earlier. There was no significant difference between the efficacies of wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate of CO-RAL.A recurrence of shipping fever was noticed in the herd sprayed soon after weaning and shipping. This condition was not observed in calves sprayed before weaning. Clinically none of the treated calves showed any cholinergic signs of organophosphate poisoning.

CO-RAL SPRAYS FOR SYSTEMIC CONTROL OF THE CATTLE GRUBS HYPODERMIC BOVIS L. AND H. LINEATUM DE VILL.

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khan ◽  
C. O. M. Thompson ◽  
W. L. Pelham
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Group ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Systemic Control ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Shipping Fever ◽  
Spray Gun

Aqueous suspensions of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 per cent (weight on volume) of CO-RAL in wettable powder were sprayed on Hereford calves for the control of prehypodermic cattle grubs. Two types of CO-RAL sprays were used, one with anionic and the other with a combination of anionic and non-ionic surfactants. They were applied at pressures of 50 and 400 lb. per square inch, and when the lower pressure was used the spray gun was equipped with a hair rake to ruffle the hair. One gal. of spray per head was applied once to the backs and sides of each calf. Sprays containing 0.75 per cent CO-RAL reduced the number of grubs in treated calves by 86 and 90 per cent (P > 0.01) as compared with the number in the untreated group. There was no difference in larvicidal effects between 0.25 and 0.5 per cent sprays, both of which reduced the number of grubs by 60 to 70 per cent. Neither the surfactants used nor the pressures employed had any effect on larvicidal properties of CO-RAL sprays.None of the treated calves showed signs of organophosphorous poisoning, but an outbreak of shipping fever was noticed in the herd. Question is raised if the stress of CO-RAL sprays, which are cholinergic in effect, lowered the resistance of the treated calves to shipping fever, against which they had been vaccinated previously.

scholarly journals TIMING THE TREATMENT OF CATTLE WITH TROLENE FOR SYSTEMIC CONTROL OF THE CATTLE GRUBS HYPODERMA LINEATUM (DE VILL.) AND H. BOVIS (L.) IN ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weintraub ◽  
G. B. Rich ◽  
C. O. M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Hypoderma Lineatum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systemic Control ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cent Mortality ◽  
Early Damage

Experiments on timing the oral treatment of calves for cattle grub control with Trolene at 100 mg./kg. were carried out on ranches near Lethbridge, Alberta, and Kamloops, British Columbia. Groups of 30 and 25 calves, respectively, were treated in November, January, March, and April at Lethbridge and in December, January, February, and March at Kamloops.Control of the pre-hypodermal grubs was equally effective on the first three treatment dates, varying from 94 to 98 per cent mortality. However, variations in the numbers of grubs precluded stating the mortality more precisely than within a range of 95 to 100 per cent at Lethbridge and 89 to 100 at Kamloops.There was no significant difference in mortality between the two species of cattle grubs. However, the third hypodermal instar larvae of both species were less affected by the treatment (P <.01) than those of the preceding instars. Early autumn treatments are recommended to avoid the presence of third-instar larvae and to forestall early damage caused by the hypodermal grubs.Slight symptoms of toxicity, in the form of lethargy and reduced food consumption at Kamloops and ataxia of the hindquarters at Lethbridge, were observed in the calves treated in December and January, respectively. The symptoms disappeared within 48 hours of treatment without the use of antidotes at either locality. The level of treatment used in this study was lower than that reported in the literature to produce first symptoms of toxicity.

The susceptibility of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) to insecticide deposits on targets

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Torr
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Wettable Powder

AbstractStudies were made of the susceptibility of wild-caught females of Glossina pallidipes Austen to deposits of DDT, dieldrin and deltamethrin on cotton canvas and Terylene netting. Aqueous suspensions of 3% dieldrin wettable powder, 3% dieldrin emulsifiable concentrate, 5·0% DDT wettable powder and 0·0625% deltamethrin flowable concentrate, were sprayed on the canvas at 0·36% litre/m2 Over 95% of the flies resting for 45 s on fresh deposits of these insecticides died within 72 h. Deposits of dieldrin, DDT and deltamethrin exposed to the sun during 140 days of the dry season produced mortalities of 100, 0 and 10% compared with 100, 75 and 100% for shaded deposits. The concentration of dieldrin and deltamethrin on exposed canvas was about 1% that on shaded canvas, but dieldrin produced photodieldrin upon exposure to the sun. Flies colliding with Terylene netting that had been immersed in 0·75–6·0% suspensions of dieldrin wettable powder and 0·01–0·1% suspensions of deltamethrin flowable concentrate produced mortalities of 100%. Deltamethrin deposits were resistant to weathering by rain, but dieldrin deposits were not. It is suggested that deltamethrin flowable concentrate should be used during the wet season and that dieldrin wettable powder should be used during the dry season. Dieldrin sprayed on an electrocuting target reduced the catch, but deltamethrin did not.

scholarly journals Haemangiopericytomas in dogs: Epidemiological analysis of 136 cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (01) ◽  
pp. 6178-2019
Author(s):  
RAFAŁ SAPIERZYŃSKI ◽  
MICHAŁ CZOPOWICZ ◽  
DIANA STOPKA
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Purebred Dogs

Perivascular wall tumors (PWTs or haemangiopericytomas) are common in dogs, and they are clinically important in veterinary oncology, but there is no data on the occurrence of these tumors in dogs in Poland. The aim of the present study was an epidemiological analysis of canine perivascular wall tumors. The study included 136 dogs with recognized PWTs (whose frequency of occurrence was the same in females and males). The mean age of the dogs was 9.8±3.0 years, with no statistically significant difference between sexes. Among the dogs, 40.7% were mongrels, and 59.3% were purebred. Among the purebred dogs, 21 (26.3%) were German Shepherds, 17 (21.3%) were Boxers, 5 (6.3%) were Doberman pinchers and Rottweilers. Statistical analysis revealed that four breeds were predisposed to perivascular wall tumors in comparison to the general dog population: German Shepherds, Boxers, Doberman pinchers and Rottweilers. Moreover, large-breed (but not giant-breed) dogs were shown to be predisposed to PWTs. Tumors were located in the skin or subcutis of the entire body, mostly on the legs, more seldom on the trunk or the head. The most typical location for PWTs was the elbow area (11% of all cases).

Observations on Mosquito Behaviour in Native Huts

1950 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hadaway
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Mosquito Behaviour ◽  
Thatch Roof

Mosquitos continue to enter occupied, untreated native huts throughout the night, with peak periods of entry at dusk and dawn. Early morning mosquito catches do not give a true picture of the numbers entering and leaving huts during the night.In a series of catches 63 per cent. of 5,576 mosquitos and 79 per cent. of 506 Anopheles gambiae were caught resting on the underside of the thatch roof.By using five traps inserted in apertures one foot below the top of the wall, the numbers of mosquitos attempting to leave a hut were determined. Of 1,014 mosquitos entering huts before 10 p.m., 63 per cent. remained inside until 6.30 a.m., that is for 8½ hours. Catches to estimate numbers entering and leaving at different times during the night were also made.Treatment of huts with DDT wettable powder and DDT-kerosene solution did not interfere with the normal behaviour of mosquitos as far as entry was concerned. Biting occurred in the treated huts.The DDT wettable powder appeared to be more effective than the DDT-kerosene solution.Some mosquitos entered the treated huts, fed and then left before acquiring a lethal dose. After making contact with treated surfaces mosquitos became restless but, under the conditions existing in the huts during the experiments, activation did not result in more leaving the treated huts than the untreated one. Unfortunately there were few A. gambiae and the predominant species entering the huts was Taeniorhynchus fuscopennatus.Some of the female A. gambiae released into unoccupied DDT-treated huts escaped into the traps before acquiring a lethal dose. Although there was a tendency for more to enter the traps of a DDT-treated hut than those of an untreated hut, the data are insufficient to show a significant difference.The majority of mosquitos entering the traps did so within one hour of their release.No mosquitos were still alive 12 hours after their release in huts treated 17 weeks previously with DDT wettable powder or DDT-kerosene solution, or in the hut treated 12 weeks previously with "“Gammexane” wettable powder.

THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID ON DWARF APPLE TREES WITH BARK APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHOATE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Aphis Pomi ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Excellent Control

Very effective control of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., on dwarf apple trees, has been obtained by two paintings of an undiluted emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate (30 per cent active ingredient) on the basal part of the trunk of the tree. Approximately 2 millilitres are applied per tree, and application is made with a 1-inch paint brush around the trunk over a distance of approximately 12 inches. A single application in early July, at a time when the seasonal upsurge of aphids is beginning, gave excellent control for 3 to 4 weeks, even where conditions for reinfestation were favourable. A second application at the end of that period ensured full seasonal control. Almost equally good control was obtained by diluting the concentrate with an equal volume of water. At greater dilutions less effective control resulted. The use of a slurry made from dimethoate, 50 per cent wettable powder, in place of the emulsion, was reasonably effective but slower in action.

scholarly journals Study of Leukocytes level as a prognostic marker in patients with organophosphate poisoning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
A Khanal ◽  
A Maskey ◽  
N Paudel ◽  
R Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Prospective Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pro Forma ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Background : Elevated leukocytes level at admission is a common finding in patients with organophosphates poisoning. It has been suggested as a prognostic marker. Since early leukocytosis is frequent and mulifactorial in origin, we hypothesized that leukocytes level after 24 hours may be a better predictor of mortality.Objectives : To evaluate the prognostic value of leukocytes level at admission; and at 24-48 hours in organophosphate poisoning.Methods : A hospital based, retrospective, cohort study of patients with organophosphate poisoning was conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. After obtaining ethical clearance from Institutional research committee, records of patients presenting with poisoning were reviewed. 103 records were considered eligible for study. Relevant data were collected in a preformed pro forma and statistical analyses were carried out.Results : Mean age of 103 participant was 29.4 (SD=11.68). Out of them 57% were females and 43% were males. T-test was applied to test for difference in age, blood pressure, leukocytes at admission, at 24-48 hrs and blood sugar of those patients with different outcomes. Except for leukocytes levels at admission (p=0.104), statistically significant difference was seen in all other parameters (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that leukocytes levels at 24-48 hrs (B=0.002, p=0.013) is a better predictor of mortality than leukocytes levels at admission (B=0.000, p=0.034).Conclusion : Our analysis supports the hypothesis that leukocytes level at 24-48 hrs is a better predictor of mortality than leukocytes level at admission. However further study with a prospective design is recommended to confirm or refute the hypothesis.

Toxicities of Insecticide Residues on Loblolly Pine Foliage to Leaffooted Pine Seed Bug Adults (Heteroptera: Coreidae)2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Nord
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Knockdown Effect ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Organophosphorous Insecticides ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Fourteen commercial and four experimental formulations of insecticides, when applied to loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., foliage in a simulated high volume spray, varied in their residual contact toxicities to adult leaffooted pine seed bugs, Leptoglossus corculus (Say). Deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate (EC), the most toxic insecticide tested, was 7 times as toxic to adult females as the standard, azinphosmethyl EC. Azinphosmethyl wettable powder (WP) was slightly more toxic to females than the EC at LC90; all other insecticides were less toxic than azinphosmethyl EC to females (half or less). Azinphosmethyl EC, deltamethrin EC, permethrin (Pounce) EC, and phosmet WP were equally toxic to both sexes, while permethrin (Ambush) EC and fenvalerate EC were both more toxic to males than females. Azinphosmethyl WP was more toxic to females than males. Several of the insecticides, including propoxur WP, malathion EC and chlorpyrifos EC, had relatively low residual contact toxicities but were very toxic to seed bug adults as fumigants. The pyrethroids permethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate had a relatively rapid knockdown effect, in contrast to the slower-acting organophosphorous insecticides.

Observations on the effect of DDT formulations on the yellow tea mite, Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks), in Uganda

1963 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Count ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Liquid Spray ◽  
Wettable Powder

The effect of DDT applied to cotton plants four times at 10-day intervals at a rate of 1 lb. active ingredient per acre per application against Hemitarsonemus latus Banks was studied at Serere Eesearch Station, Uganda. DDT applied as a 10 per cent, dust, or in a spray from a 50 per cent, wettable powder increased the damage caused by the mite, while DDT applied in a spray from a 25 per cent. miscible liquid decreased it.Another trial using a DDT miscible-liquid spray applied at intervals of 10, 15 and 20 days at 1 lb. active ingredient per acre per application demonstrated partial control of the mite. However, when spraying ceased, tea-mite damage increased. At the final count all spray intervals showed significantly less damage than the control and there was an over-all significant difference between spray treatments and the control. In both trials the number of mite-infested plants increased in an exponential manner with time.It is not considered that the present recommended practice of applying DDT four times, at 15-day intervals, in a spray from 25 per cent, miscible liquid at 1 lb. active ingredient per acre will cause an increase of the mite on peasant-grown cotton in Uganda, although it will only partially control any infestation of it that is present.

scholarly journals Quantitation of Tebuconazole in Liquid and Solid Formulations by Capillary GC: Collaborative Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald N Harbtn ◽  
A Amleh ◽  
A Bernes ◽  
F Bodzian ◽  
K Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Foliar Fungicide

Abstract A capillary gas chromatographic method has been developed for quantitation of tebuconazole (Folicur, Elite, Raxil, Lynx) in liquid and solid formulations. Tebuconazole is a broad-spectrum, systemic foliar fungicide used to control diseases of wheat, barley, peanut, and grasses grown for seed. Samples are dissolved in acetone and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) with dicyclohexyl phthalate as internal standard. Twenty-two laboratories from 11 countries participated in a collaborative study of the method. Each collaborator was provided reference standard, internal standard, and blind duplicate samples from 6 formulations: aqueous flowable (F), aqueous emulsifiable concentrate (EW), emulsifiable concentrate for seed treatment (ES), flowable for seed treatment (FS), wettable powder (WP), and dry flowable (DF). Collaborators were instructed to use peak area measurements for quantitation. The seed treatment flowable formulation required confirmation of accurate integration values by the collaborator. Relative standard deviation values for reproducibility (RSDR) for analysis of the formulations were as follows: 3.6 lb/gal F, 1.22; 250 g/L EW, 1.13; 15 g/L ES, 2.40; 25 g/L FS, 2.65; 25% WP, 0.96; 25% DF, 0.72; 45% DF, 0.72. The capillary GC method for quantitation of tebuconazole in fungicide formulations has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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