THE EFFECT OF FINE GRINDING OF HAY ON RATION DIGESTIBILITY, RATE OF PASSAGE, AND FAT CONTENT OF MILK

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Rodrigue ◽  
N. N. Aixen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Three series of digestion trials, involving a total of 20 lactating cows, were conducted to compare the digestibility and rate of passage of hay ground to various degrees of fineness, with that of unground hay.Grinding the hay in a ration composed of two parts hay and one part concentrate by weight produced an earlier initial excretion of hay residues in all cows. Excretion of finely ground hay was also more rapid than unground hay throughout the period. The change in excretion time due to grinding was statistically significant.The most marked effect on digestibility was the highly significant decline (P < 0.01) in digestibility of fibre and/or cellulose as a result of grinding hay. This was mainly responsible for the highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in dry matter digestion. Grinding also significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the digestibility of ether extract in trials of series II and of protein and N.F.E. in trials of series III.A relationship was established between rate of passage of hay and digestibility of the total ration. The finer the hay was ground, the greater was the depression in digestibility of the total ration and the faster the rate of excretion. The large depression in the digestibility of the cell wall constituents was associated with a marked decrease in milk fat percentage.

THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Density Treatment

A late-maturing corn hybrid, Funk brand G4444, was planted in 2-ha plots at 60 000 plants per hectare (low density) and at 100 000 plants per hectare (high density). At harvest, the dry matter and ear contents were 24.2 and 34%, respectively, for the low-density treatment and 22.8 and 28%, respectively, for the high-density treatment. Two groups of 10 lactating cows were used to compare the nutritive value of the ensiled forages over a 10-wk feeding period. Silage dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat content were 10.33 kg/day, 27.11 kg/day and 3.52% for the cows fed high-density silage compared to 11.79 kg/day, 31.88 kg/day and 2.91% for those fed the low-density silage. Feeding the low-density silage resulted in a decreased level of acetic acid in the rumen and an increased level of propionic acid. Blood hematocrit and plasma calcium levels were lower for cows fed the silage from the low-density planting. Dry matter digestibility of the complete ration was 72.5 and 71.8% for the high- and low-density plantings, respectively. It was concluded that an increased ear content of approximately 10 percentage units resulted in a corn silage which was consumed more readily, altered rumen fermentation and caused a decrease in milk fat content. Key words: Corn silage, lactating dairy cows, planting density

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Lemna Minor Sebagai Pakan Sapi Perah Terhadap Kadar Lemak, Berat Jenis, dan Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak Susu Friesian Holstein

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
U Hidayat Tanuwiria ◽  
Raden Febrianto Christi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Water Plant

Abstract  Lemna minor is a water plant that is easily obtained and has a good nutrient content that is high in protein. High protein for livestock can be used for production purposes. The study aims to determine the effect of administration of lemna minor on fat content, specific gravity, and dry matter without fat milk of friesien holstein dairy cows. The object of the study was 20 second-to-four-month FH lactating cows in the Dairy Farmer Group of Kp Tanggung Renteng Village, Pamegatan Village, Cikajang District, Garut Regency, West Java Province, then kept for 60 days and given feed according to treatment, namely R0 = Grass 60% + Concentrate 40%, R1 = 50% Grass + 40% Concentrate + 10% wet Lemna, R2 = 60% Grass + 37% Concentrate + 3% Dry Lemna, R3 = 50% Grass + 37% Concentrate + 10% Wet Lemna + 3% Dry Lemna, R4 = Grass 45% + Concentrate 38% + Wet Lemna 15% + Dry Lemna 2%. The results showed that the effect of administering lemna minor did not affect on fat content, specific gravity, and dry matter without milk fat. The conclusion that administration of lemna minor in dairy cattle feed cannot increase fat content, specific gravity, and dry ingredients without fat Holstein friesien milk.  Keywords : lemna minor, fat content, density, solid non fat   Abstrak  Lemna minor merupakan tanaman air yang mudah diperoleh dan memiliki kandungan nutrient yang baik yaitu protein tinggi. Protein yang tinggi bagi ternak dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan produksi.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian lemna minor terhadap kadar lemak, berat jenis, dan bahan kering tanpa lemak susu sapi perah friesien holstein. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 20 ekor sapi FH laktasi kedua sampai empat bulan di Kelompok Peternak Sapi Perah Kp Tanggung Renteng Desa Pamegatan Kecamatan Cikajang Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat kemudian dipelihara selama 60 hari dan diberikan pakan sesuai dengan perlakuan yaitu R0= Rumput 60% + Konsentrat 40%, R1= Rumput 50% + Konsentrat 40% + Lemna basah 10%, R2= Rumput 60% + Konsentrat 37% + Lemna Kering 3%, R3= Rumput 50% + Konsentrat 37% + Lemna Basah 10% + 3% Lemna Kering, R4= Rumput 45% + Konsentrat 38% + lemna basah 15% + Lemna Kering 2%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pemberian lemna minor tidak berpengaruh terhadap (P>0,05) kadar lemak, berat jenis, dan bahan kering tanpa lemak susu. Kesimpulan bahwa pemberian lemna minor dalam pakan sapi perah tidak dapat meningkatkan kandungan lemak, berat jenis, dan bahan kering tanpa lemak susu friesien Holstein.  Kata kunci : lemna minor, kadar lemak, berat jenis, bahan kering tanpa lemak

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE PLUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE OR BENTONITE ON THE INTAKE OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MacKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

Four trials, each employing 10 cows were designed as 2 × 2 latin squares, with each experimental period consisting of a 1-wk preliminary period and a 4-wk period for data collection. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaHCO3 plus magnesium oxide (MgO) or bentonite as buffers when they were mixed with corn silage just prior to feeding. The treatments compared were: Trial I, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial II, control vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial III, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) plus magnesium oxide (MgO, 60 g·cow−1·day−1) and Trial IV, NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1). Silage dry matter intakes (SDMI) were 10.61 vs. 10.93 and milk yields were 26.6 vs. 29.3 kg/day for control vs. NaHCO3 in Trial I; 10.03 vs. 10.39, and 29.5 vs. 30.1 for control vs. bentonite in trial II; 10.62 vs. 10.69, and 23.6 vs. 24.7 for control vs. NaHCO3 + MgO in Trial III and 11.49 vs. 10.79, and 29.4 vs. 29.5 for NaHCO3 vs. bentonite in Trial IV. In the latter trial cows fed silage supplemented with bentonite had significantly lower milk fat and protein percentages and rumen pH compared to those supplemented with NaHCO3. Similarly in Trial II cows fed bentonite had lower rumen pH and milk protein percentage than the control cows. It was concluded the bentonite did not act as a buffer and was not beneficial when added to corn silage just prior to feeding. NaHCO3 improved milk yield in one trial and milk fat percentage but the degree of response did not warrant its routine use as a supplement to corn silage. Key words: NaHCO3, MgO, bentonite, corn silage, lactating cows, buffers

475. Studies on variations in the solids-not-fat content of milk: V. Variations due to winter feeding practice

1952 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fat Percentage

During the twelve years from 1935 to 1946 the type of foods given to sixty-one Dairy Shorthorn first calvers during the months of February and March changed so that the dry-matter intake of the cows rose and the dietary fat fell, but there was little change in the Protein and Starch equivalent they received.Milk yield varied directly with the amount of fat and starch equivalent in the diet and inversely with the dry matter.The solids-not-fat percentage of milk varied directly with the amount of starch equivalent, and inversely with the dry matter content, of the diet.The milk-fat percentage was not influenced by the foods given.It was shown that the fall in the level of solids-not-fat in the milk was largely due to the increase in the dry matter intake of the cows.

scholarly journals Effects of different sucrose levels on digestibility and mastication of hay and on yield and composition of milk in dairy cow

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sugar Addition

In the trials two dairy cows were fed on 6 kg of timothy hay and 0, 1, 2 and 4 kg of pure beet sugar. Cr2O3 was used as tracer. If the sugar addition to the diet was 1 kg/cow/day, there was practically no effect on the digestibility of hay. When the sugar was increased to 2 kg/cow/day, the digestibility of hay decreased 11.7 %-units. In the case of the cell wall complex the corresponding decrease was 17 %-units. After having 4 kg sugar/day both cows stopped eating completely. A 2 kg sugar addition depressed also the mastication in the alimentary tract, whereas 1 kg of sugar had only a slight effect on it. The dry matter of milk decreased by about 1 %-units when 1 kg sugar was given to the cows the decrease being in the milk fat content. 2 kg of sugar produced no further effect. The sugar additions to the diet did not affect the contents of milk protein, ash and lactose.

566. Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: V. The importance of the type of starch in the concentrates

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
V. W. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Daily Intakes

1. Three comparable groups of cows were used to investigate the effect, on milk composition and yield, of diets consisting of 4 lb. hay daily and concentrates containing 35% weatings, 15% decorticated groundnut cake and 50% of either flaked maize, maize meal or dredge corn (crushed oats and barley) respectively.2. During initial and final control periods all the cows received 16 lb. hay daily and, per 10 lb. of milk produced, they received about 4 lb. of the concentrate mixture containing flaked maize. During the experimental period of 6 weeks all the cows received 4 lb. hay, concentrates according to milk yield, and an extra 7 lb. of concentrates daily. One group of cows received the concentrate mixture containing flaked maize, a second group the mixture with maize meal and the third group that with dredge corn. The mean daily intakes of starch for the different groups were respectively 6·0, 6·4 and 5·8 lb. per cow.3. The diet containing flaked maize caused a marked, and that containing maize meal a small fall in the fat content of the milk, but the diet containing dredge corn was without effect. In the last 2 weeks of experimental treatment the adjusted mean fat percentage for the group of cows receiving flaked maize was 0·51 and 0·71 below the percentages for the groups receiving maize meal and dredge corn respectively. The yields of milk and of milk fat were also lower in the group receiving flaked maize than in either of the other groups, but the experimental treatments produced no changes in the milk solids-not-fat percentage.4. This experiment has shown that when diets low in hay and high in concentrates are given to lactating cows, the type of starch in the concentrates is of great importance in determining the extent of the depression in milk fat percentage. The greater depression with flaked maize than with maize meal or dredge corn is thought to be associated with the effect of the starch on the flora of the reticulo-rumen.

The effectiveness of use RUSMA additive in the rations of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
S. Sukhanova ◽  
N. Pozdnyakova ◽  
F. Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Experimental Group

The results of researches on the development of new mineral feed additives based on raw materials produced by Uralchem and the study of the eff ectiveness of their use in the rations of lactating cows have been presented in the article. The experiment has been carried out in the conditions of LLC “PF Barabinskoe” in the Dalmatovsky area in the Kurgan region where 3 groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed have been formed. Animals in the control group have been received the ration adopted in the farm, the 1st experimental group with the additive RusMA No. 1 at a dose of 150 g, the 2nd experimental group– with the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g. The use of experimental mineral additives in feeding lactating cows allowed us to increase their milk productivity and profi tability of production. At the same time, the best eff ectiveness was shown by the additive RusMA No. 2 at the dose of 350 g/head/day. The use of RusMA additives during the experiment period (105 days) allowed to increase the milk productivity of cows in the 1st experimental group by 6,03 % and in the 2nd experimental group by 8,24 %. Taking into account the fat content in milk, this diff erence was 6,31 and 8,53 %, respectively. The energy value of milk from cows of the experimental groups was higher compared to the control group by 2,45 and 1,76 %, respectively. According to the content of dry matter in milk, cows of the 2nd experimental group exceeded the control and 1st experimental group by 0,39 and 0,12 abs.%, respectively. The maximum milk fat content has been observed in the milk of cows of the 1st experimental group by 0,03 and 0,01 abs.% more than in the control and 2nd experimental groups, respectively. In terms of protein content, the cows of the 2nd experimental group signifi cantly exceeded the control group by 0,10 abs.% and the 1st experimental by 0,04 abs.%. The content of milk sugar in the 2nd experimental group was higher than in the control by 0,30 abs.% and compared to the 1st experimental by 0,11 %. Signifi cantly more calcium and phosphorus were contained in the milk of cows of the 2nd experimental group by 4,58 % (Р ≤ 0,001) and 2,86 % (Р ≤ 0,05), compared with the control group. The expenditures of feed in the EFU for the production of 1 kg of milk in animals of the 2nd experimental group was less by 5,13 % than in control cows and by 2,63 % compared to the 1st experimental group. The prime cost of 1 centner of milk was lower in the 2nd experimental group by 3,94 %, in the 1st experimental group by 2,65 % compared to the control group. The level of profi tability of milk production in the 2nd experimental group was higher by 9,0 and 1,0 abs.% in comparison with the control and 1st experimental groups, respectively.

Fatty acid profile of milk from Nordestina donkey breed raised on Caatinga pasture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tayanna Bernardo Oliveira Nunes Messias ◽  
Susana Paula Alves ◽  
Rui José Branquinho Bessa ◽  
Marta Suely Madruga ◽  
Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Commercial Viability

Abstract In this research communication we describe the composition of fatty acids (FA) present in the milk of the Nordestina donkey breed, and how they differ during lactation. Milk samples were taken from 24 multiparous lactating Nordestina donkeys that grazed the Caatinga, comprising 5 animals at each of around 30, 60 and 90 d in milk (DIM) and a further 9 animals ranging from 120 to 180 DIM. The milk fat content was analysed by mid infrared spectroscopy and the FA profile by gas chromatography. The milk fat percentage ranged from 0.45 to 0.61%. The main FA found in milk were 16:0 and 18:1c9. These did not differ among DIM classes and comprised 23% and 25% of total FA. Notably, the α-Linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) was the third most abundant FA and differed (P < 0.05) with DIM, being lowest in the 30 and 60 DIM samples (around 10.7% of total FA) and highest in the 60 and 90 DIM classes (around 14.6% of total FA). The low-fat content and the FA profile of the donkey milk gives it potential as a functional ingredient, which could help to preserve the commercial viability of the Nordestina donkey breed.

scholarly journals Investigation of Non-Genetics Factors Affecting Milk-Fat Content and Milk-Fat Percentage Curves' Parameters In Azeri and Khuzestani Buffalo Breeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Karim Hasanpur ◽  
Seyad Abbas Rafat ◽  
Arash Javanmard ◽  
Davood Kianzad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Factors Affecting

The influence of mineral granulated complex on milk productivity and quality indicators of cows’ milk

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S. I. Nikolaev ◽  
D. A. Randelin ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
Yu. M. Batrakova ◽  
K. S. Arstanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nonfat Milk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Milk Solids

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of the use of rations for freshly calved cows during the increasing the milk yield period with the use of new mineral granulated complexes produced by Uralchem LLC. The results of research on the replacement of the mineral part of the vitamin and mineral premix in the rations of lactating cows with the mineral granular complex developed according to two recipes have been presented in the article. Research has shown that cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups during the experiment period gave more milk than their herdmates from the control group by 70,8 (P ≥ 0,95) and 106,2 kg (P ≥ 0,95). Due to the higher milk yield of animals that consumed the granulated complex, the yield of milk fat was greater than that of the control analogues by 3,21 (P ≥ 0,95) and 5,17 kg (P ≥ 0,95), protein by 2,70 and 4,30 kg (P ≥ 0,95). The milk yield of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups for 305 days of lactation was higher than in the control group, respectively, by 205,3 (P ≥ 0,95) and 296,8 kg (P ≥ 0,95). In the milk of cows that consumed the granulated complex, there was a tendency for a higher content of dry matter (0,09 and 0,16 %), lactose (0,01 and 0,06 %), nonfat milk solids (0,09 and 0,07 %), ash (0,05 and 0,05 %) in comparison with analogues from the control group. A similar trend has been established between groups of cows in terms of milk density, acidity and rennet coagulability. The revenue from the sale of milk produced from cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was more than in the control group for the experimental period (120 days) by 2074,6 and 3344,0 rubles and for the 305 days of lactation by 7055,4 and 9950,6 rubles.

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