scholarly journals Effects of different sucrose levels on digestibility and mastication of hay and on yield and composition of milk in dairy cow

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sugar Addition

In the trials two dairy cows were fed on 6 kg of timothy hay and 0, 1, 2 and 4 kg of pure beet sugar. Cr2O3 was used as tracer. If the sugar addition to the diet was 1 kg/cow/day, there was practically no effect on the digestibility of hay. When the sugar was increased to 2 kg/cow/day, the digestibility of hay decreased 11.7 %-units. In the case of the cell wall complex the corresponding decrease was 17 %-units. After having 4 kg sugar/day both cows stopped eating completely. A 2 kg sugar addition depressed also the mastication in the alimentary tract, whereas 1 kg of sugar had only a slight effect on it. The dry matter of milk decreased by about 1 %-units when 1 kg sugar was given to the cows the decrease being in the milk fat content. 2 kg of sugar produced no further effect. The sugar additions to the diet did not affect the contents of milk protein, ash and lactose.

Effect of the level of concentrate supplementation, herbage allowance and milk yield at turn-out on the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation at grazing

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Delaby ◽  
J. L. Peyraud ◽  
R. Delagarde
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Cow Performance

AbstractIn order to establish the response of dairy cow performance to concentrate supplementation in contrasting grazing conditions and for cows differing in milk yield at turn-out, three experiments were conducted. Each year, two levels of herbage allowance were studied in interaction with four (experiment 1) or three (experiments 2 and 3) levels of concentrate on two groups of 30 to 40 mid-lactation Holstein cows producing between 20 and 46 kg milk at turnout. Amount of concentrate and herbage allowance ranged from 0 to 6 kg fresh weight and from 12 to 22 kg dry matter (DM) per cow per day respectively. The supplementation led to average responses, per kg DM concentrate, of 104 kg milk, +66 g/day body-weight gain, +0·19 g/kg milk protein and -0·57 g/kg milk fat. These responses remained linear up to 4 or 6 kg according to the years and treatments. The response to the concentrate did not vary with the milk yield or composition at turn-out. The increase in the herbage allowance from 12 to 16 kg DM per cow per day (experiment 1) improved milk yield (+1·2 kg/day) and milk protein (+0·7 g/kg) while the increase from 16 to 22 kg DM (experiments 2 and 3) had less effect (+0·5 kg/day milk yield and +0·4 g/kg milk protein). There was no clear interaction between concentrate supplementation and herbage allowance. Under the usual conditions of spring pasture, with cows in mid lactation, the use of a constant level of concentrate at grazing proves to be a technique of some interest.

scholarly journals Rapeseed fat in dairy cow feeding

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist ◽  
Pentti Aspila
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Total Fat

Dairy cows on silage and hay-based diets were given a barley-oats concentrate mixture containing 13 % rapeseed feed in four different forms: diet 1)rapeseed meal, 2)rapeseed meal + rapeseed oil, 3) rapeseed meal + crushed rapeseed and 4) protected fatty rapeseed meal. The fat content of the rapeseed feed was: diets 2 and 3, 7,1 % of dry matter; diet 4, 6.3 %; diet 1, 2.4 %. From the rapeseed the cows received only about 2 g digestible crude fat/kg 4 % FCM, the total fat supply on diets 2, 3 and 4 being 15 g digestible crude fat/kg 4 % FCM. At so low a level, the rapeseed fat did not have any clear effect on the milk fat or milk protein contents, or on the iodine number or fatty acid composition of the milk fat. The milk yield increased, however, when the diet contained rapeseed feed.

scholarly journals The trend of cowmilk yield, its compostion and the body condition during the lactation

2009 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Edit Mikó Józsefné Jónás ◽  
Imre Mucsi ◽  
István Komlósi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The authors examined the data of 2767 trial milkings andthe months Body Condition Scores of 479 Holstein dairy cows. The condition loss was significant between the 30-60th days. The improvement of BCS begins only after the 120th day. The change in the milk protein and milk fat content were close after the condition changing. In each period of the lactation the closeness of the relationship among the condition, the milk quantity and the milk composition were different. In the aspect of the milk quantity the most significant difference was between the 2.5 and 4 BCS cows (6.68 kg) in the last period of the lactation.

scholarly journals Effect of Sakura Block on Milk Production and Milk Quality of FH Cows in Late Lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Jarmuji Jarmuji ◽  
D. Suherman ◽  
Yanuri Yanuri ◽  
R. Afriansyah ◽  
E. Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Sample ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sample Collection

This study aims to evaluate milk production, fat content, and protein content of Friesian Holland (FH) dairy cow's milk by giving Sakura block at the final lactation of FH cow. The design used was the Latin Square Design (LSD), with treatments of P0 (0 Sakura blocks), P1 (300 gr Sakura blocks), P2 (600 gr Sakura blocks), and P3 (900 gr Sakura blocks). This study involved four dairy cows for four periods of which period consisted of 10 treatment days, where the last 3 days of each period were the milk sample collection. Milk production and feed consumption were measured and weighed daily. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the consumption of dry matter ratio and no significant effect (P> 0.05) on milk production, fat content, and milk protein.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Lemna Minor Sebagai Pakan Sapi Perah Terhadap Kadar Lemak, Berat Jenis, dan Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak Susu Friesian Holstein

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
U Hidayat Tanuwiria ◽  
Raden Febrianto Christi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Water Plant

Abstract  Lemna minor is a water plant that is easily obtained and has a good nutrient content that is high in protein. High protein for livestock can be used for production purposes. The study aims to determine the effect of administration of lemna minor on fat content, specific gravity, and dry matter without fat milk of friesien holstein dairy cows. The object of the study was 20 second-to-four-month FH lactating cows in the Dairy Farmer Group of Kp Tanggung Renteng Village, Pamegatan Village, Cikajang District, Garut Regency, West Java Province, then kept for 60 days and given feed according to treatment, namely R0 = Grass 60% + Concentrate 40%, R1 = 50% Grass + 40% Concentrate + 10% wet Lemna, R2 = 60% Grass + 37% Concentrate + 3% Dry Lemna, R3 = 50% Grass + 37% Concentrate + 10% Wet Lemna + 3% Dry Lemna, R4 = Grass 45% + Concentrate 38% + Wet Lemna 15% + Dry Lemna 2%. The results showed that the effect of administering lemna minor did not affect on fat content, specific gravity, and dry matter without milk fat. The conclusion that administration of lemna minor in dairy cattle feed cannot increase fat content, specific gravity, and dry ingredients without fat Holstein friesien milk.  Keywords : lemna minor, fat content, density, solid non fat   Abstrak  Lemna minor merupakan tanaman air yang mudah diperoleh dan memiliki kandungan nutrient yang baik yaitu protein tinggi. Protein yang tinggi bagi ternak dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan produksi.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian lemna minor terhadap kadar lemak, berat jenis, dan bahan kering tanpa lemak susu sapi perah friesien holstein. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah 20 ekor sapi FH laktasi kedua sampai empat bulan di Kelompok Peternak Sapi Perah Kp Tanggung Renteng Desa Pamegatan Kecamatan Cikajang Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat kemudian dipelihara selama 60 hari dan diberikan pakan sesuai dengan perlakuan yaitu R0= Rumput 60% + Konsentrat 40%, R1= Rumput 50% + Konsentrat 40% + Lemna basah 10%, R2= Rumput 60% + Konsentrat 37% + Lemna Kering 3%, R3= Rumput 50% + Konsentrat 37% + Lemna Basah 10% + 3% Lemna Kering, R4= Rumput 45% + Konsentrat 38% + lemna basah 15% + Lemna Kering 2%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pemberian lemna minor tidak berpengaruh terhadap (P>0,05) kadar lemak, berat jenis, dan bahan kering tanpa lemak susu. Kesimpulan bahwa pemberian lemna minor dalam pakan sapi perah tidak dapat meningkatkan kandungan lemak, berat jenis, dan bahan kering tanpa lemak susu friesien Holstein.  Kata kunci : lemna minor, kadar lemak, berat jenis, bahan kering tanpa lemak

Production, composition and manufacturing properties of milk from dairy cows fed hay and silages made from either wilted herbage or formaldehyde-treated herbage

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Production Composition

Hay, normal silage, and silages prepared from herbage either treated with formaldehyde at 0.8% of the dry matter (DM) ('formaldehyde silage') or wilted to 31 % DM ('wilted silage') were all made from grass/clover herbage cut at the same time. Dairy cows were offered the feeds ad libitum together with 4.5 kg of a barley-meatmeal concentrate daily. The chemical composition, digestibility and DM intake of the feeds together with the production, composition and manufacturing properties of the milk were determined. Compared with normal silage, the formaldehyde silage and wilted silage had lower concentrations of total titratable acids, butyric acid and lactic acid. The DM intakes (g day-1kg -0.75 by COWS of normal silage (126.7) and wilted silage (133.7) were higher than those of formaldehyde silage (114.0) and hay (103.6). The yield of milk fat (kg day-1) was greater for the cows offered wilted silage (0.62) and hay (0.62) than for cows offered normal silage (0.58). The yield of milk protein (kg day-1) was greater for the cows offered wilted silage (0.54) and hay (0.54) than for those offered formaldehyde silage (0.50) and normal silage (0.47). The percentages of milk protein and solids not fat, respectively, were greater for the cows offered wilted silage (3.37, 8.83), formaldehyde silage (3.30, 8.83) and hay (3.30, 8.89) than for those offered normal silage (3.1 5, 8.61). No differences were found between treatments in the heat stability characteristics of the milk. However, the milk of cows fed normal silage produced a firmer rennet curd than the milk from cows fed hay, wilted silage or formaldehyde silage. Cows offered normal silage, formaldehyde silage, wilted silage and hay had liveweight gains (kg day-1) of 0.1 6, 0.35, 0.86 and 0.04, respectively. It is concluded that although the milk fat and protein production of cows fed wilted silage and hay were similar, dairy farmers may prefer to feed wilted silage to dairy cows especially in late lactation, because of the ability of the cows to consume more wilted silage and consequently increase liveweight in preparation for the next lactation.

THE EFFECT OF FINE GRINDING OF HAY ON RATION DIGESTIBILITY, RATE OF PASSAGE, AND FAT CONTENT OF MILK

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Rodrigue ◽  
N. N. Aixen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Three series of digestion trials, involving a total of 20 lactating cows, were conducted to compare the digestibility and rate of passage of hay ground to various degrees of fineness, with that of unground hay.Grinding the hay in a ration composed of two parts hay and one part concentrate by weight produced an earlier initial excretion of hay residues in all cows. Excretion of finely ground hay was also more rapid than unground hay throughout the period. The change in excretion time due to grinding was statistically significant.The most marked effect on digestibility was the highly significant decline (P < 0.01) in digestibility of fibre and/or cellulose as a result of grinding hay. This was mainly responsible for the highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in dry matter digestion. Grinding also significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the digestibility of ether extract in trials of series II and of protein and N.F.E. in trials of series III.A relationship was established between rate of passage of hay and digestibility of the total ration. The finer the hay was ground, the greater was the depression in digestibility of the total ration and the faster the rate of excretion. The large depression in the digestibility of the cell wall constituents was associated with a marked decrease in milk fat percentage.

scholarly journals Effects of mammae hand massages on oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Inggit Kentjonowaty ◽  
Achmad Bagus Adhiluhung Mardhotillah ◽  
Trinil Susilawati ◽  
Puguh Surjowardojo
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Oxytocin Release

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong><span lang="EN-GB">The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Mammae Hand Massages (MHM) on oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality in dairy cows.</span></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong><span lang="EN">Twelve dairy cows with the following criterion: 5-yr-old, 1st to 9th month of lactation, and average body weight of 390 ± 5.55 kg were used. Cows were assigned in a randomized block design with 4 treatments, i.e T0 (without massage), T1 (MHM for 20 s), T2 (MHM for 50 s), and T3 (MHM for 80 s). Oxytocin release, milk yield, and milk quality were measured accordingly</span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span><strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong><span lang="EN">The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that MHM had a very significant effect on milk production (P &lt;0.01) as evidenced by the MHM 50 s treatment obtained the highest average milk production (13.08 ± 3.38 liters/head/day) compared to the MHM 20 s, MHM 80 s and control. MHM (1-1.6 volts) for 50 s resulted in the highest release of oxytocin (0.22955 pcg/0.1mL) at 240 seconds compared to control, MHM 20 s and 80 s. Likewise, the percentage of milk protein content (2.96 ± 0.03) and milk fat content (4.27 ± 0.70) was highest at MHM 50 s</span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span><strong></strong></p><strong><span>Conclusions: </span></strong><span lang="EN">It can be concluded that MHM (1-1.6 volts) for 50 seconds increases the release of oxytocin, milk production, and milk quality in terms of the percentage of milk protein and fat content</span><span lang="EN-GB">.</span>

scholarly journals Production response in dairy cows milked two or three times a day: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte ◽  
Alvaro Garcia ◽  
Karla Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
David G. Reta-Sánchez ◽  
Homero Salinas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Production Response

The objective was to evaluate the effects of two (2×) vs three (3×) times per day milking on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. Fourteen scientific papers, containing production data from 16 trials, where dairy cows were milked 2× or 3×, were analysed using meta-analysis with fixed and random-effects with the R statistical program. The degree of heterogeneity and publication bias were measured with the I2 statistic and Begg’s test, respectively. In addition, the meta-regression analysis explored other sources of heterogeneity for the response. The estimated effect size of 2× and 3× milkings was calculated for dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk composition. Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk fat and protein yields showed substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%). Whereas milk fat-percentage had moderate heterogeneity (I2<50%), and milk protein had no (I2=0%)heterogeneity. The year of publication, trial duration, and cattle breed did not influence production response parameters to milking frequency. We found no evidence of publication bias for the parameters evaluated (Begg’s test; P>.05). Cows milked 2× produced less milk (2.23 kg/d), less milk fat (0.06kg/d), and less milk protein (0.05 kg/d). In contrast, the fat percentage was lower (0.07 units) in 3×, compared with 2× milking frequency. There was no effect of milking frequency on DMI and milk protein percentage. In conclusion, milk production and milk fat and protein yields improves as milking frequency increase from 2× to 3× daily, without affecting DMI. The implementation of 3× milking frequency must consider dairy cow management, labor, and milking parlour infrastructure, particular to each dairy farm.

The response of dairy cows of high genetic merit to increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet with a high and medium feed value silage

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. FERRIS ◽  
F. J. GORDON ◽  
D. C. PATTERSON ◽  
D. J. KILPATRICK ◽  
C. S. MAYNE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Concentrate Inclusion

Forty-eight high genetic merit Holstein/Friesian dairy cows with Predicted Transmitting Abilities for milk fat plus protein yield, calculated using 1995 as the base year (PTA95 fat plus protein), of 40·0 kg, were used in an eight treatment, two period (period length = 8 weeks) change-over design experiment. Diets were offered ad libitum in the form of a complete diet. Treatments comprised a high and medium feed value silage, with concentrates being incorporated into the diet at proportional inclusion rates of 0·10, 0·30, 0·50 and 0·70 of total dry matter with the high feed value silage, and at 0·32, 0·48, 0·64 and 0·80 of total dry matter with the medium feed value silage. The high feed value silage was produced from a primary regrowth herbage (regrowth interval of 33 days) which was wilted prior to ensiling, while the medium feed value silage was produced from a primary growth herbage harvested on 9 June 1995. The high and medium feed value silages had estimated metabolizable energy concentrations of 12·4 and 11·3 MJ/kg DM respectively. Animals commenced treatments after a mean post calving interval of 26 days.Irrespective of silage feed value, total dry matter intake and milk yield tended to increase with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet. Milk protein concentrations increased to concentrate inputs of 0·50 and 0·64 of total DM with the high and medium feed value silages respectively, but decreased at the highest concentrate inclusion rates. Milk fat concentrations tended to decrease at higher concentrate inclusion rates. The milk yield responses to increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet have been described by a pair of significantly different equations: Y = 34·2−11·9×0·0101x and Y = 34·2−28·5×0·0101x for the high and medium feed value silages respectively (where Y = milk yield (kg/day) and x = concentrate proportion in the diet on a dry matter basis). Similarly, milk fat and milk protein yields for the two silage types have been described by pairs of significantly different equations. Using these milk yield response equations, it can be calculated that at a concentrate proportion in the diet of 0·32 total dry matter, an additional 3·7 kg of milk per day would be produced by offering the high, rather than the medium feed value silage, while at a concentrate proportion of 0·70 total dry matter, the milk yield benefit associated with the high feed value silage was reduced to 0·6 kg per day. Similarly, total dry matter intakes for animals offered the high feed value silage were 7·4 and 0·8 kg per day greater than for animals offered the medium feed value silage, at concentrate proportions in the diet of 0·32 and 0·70 total dry matter, respectively. These responses indicate that at low concentrate inclusion rates in the diet, silage feed value has a major influence on animal performance, while at higher concentrate inclusion rates, the importance of silage feed value is reduced.

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