On-farm phosphorus budget: Model to predict yearly phosphorus contents in manure of dairy herds

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
Isabelle Chaperon, Cynthia Ouellet ◽  
Vincent Girard ◽  
Younes Chorfi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Phosphorus Budget ◽  
Budget Model ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Relationship

In order to reduce soil phosphorus (P) saturation, it is essential to assess the amount of manure P on cultivated soil. The purpose of this study was to estimate yearly herd manure P outputs from production and feeding records with a model based on replacement and dairy animals. The model predicts manure P based on P ingested by dairy cows (kg yr-1), P secreted in milk (kg yr-1), P in calf at birth (kg yr-1), and the number of first-lactation cows. The relationship between first-lactation cows and heifers was established; there were 1.3 ± 0.05 heifers for each first-lactation cow. Manure P from heifers was then obtained by fitting the model to manure P accumulated in concrete pits of 12 farms, measured over two 6-mo periods at 1 yr intervals. The model added 10.6 ± 4.6 kg of P for each first-lactation cow to predict the yearly P output of 1.3 heifers. Ratios between P harvested as feed and P predicted in manure were calculated in 1133 herds. High ratios were obtained in herds with less customized concentrate (P < 0.001), more harvested grain and silage (P < 0.001) on farm and larger size of herd (P < 0.001) with more milk (P < 0.001) and lower calf production (P < 0.001). Decreasing purchased customized concentrates and increasing the amount of silage fed to animals are valid options to reduce non-point-source P pollution. Key words: Dairy herds, manure, phosphorus, model, reproductive efficiency

scholarly journals Recent Possibilities for the Diagnosis of Early Pregnancy and Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Ottó Szenci
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Early Pregnancy Factor ◽  
Pelvic Inlet ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Protein Assays

One of the most recent techniques for the on-farm diagnosis of early pregnancy (EP) in cattle is B-mode ultrasonography. Under field conditions, acceptable results may be achieved with ultrasonography from Days 25 to 30 post-AI. The reliability of the test greatly depends on the frequency of the transducer used, the skill of the examiner, the criterion used for a positive pregnancy diagnosis (PD), and the position of the uterus in the pelvic inlet. Non-pregnant animals can be selected accurately by evaluating blood flow in the corpus luteum around Day 20 after AI, meaning we can substantially improve the reproductive efficiency of our herd. Pregnancy protein assays (PSPB, PAG-1, and PSP60 RIA, commercial ELISA or rapid visual ELISA tests) may provide an alternative method to ultrasonography for determining early pregnancy or late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM/EFM) in dairy cows. Although the early pregnancy factor is the earliest specific indicator of fertilization, at present, its detection is entirely dependent on the use of the rosette inhibition test; therefore, its use in the field needs further developments. Recently found biomarkers like interferon-tau stimulated genes or microRNAs may help us diagnose early pregnancy in dairy cows; however, these tests need further developments before their general use in the farms becomes possible.

Escherichia coli O157 in Cull Dairy Cows on Farm and at Slaughter

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1386-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL H. RICE ◽  
ERIC D. EBEL ◽  
DALE D. HANCOCK ◽  
THOMAS E. BESSER ◽  
DONALD E. HERRIOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
On Farm

Cull dairy cattle both on the farm and at slaughter from herds in the states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were surveyed for Escherichia coli O157 by culturing fecal swab samples. A total of 205 cull cows from 19 dairy herds were sampled on the farm of origin; 7 (3.4%) tested positive for E. coli O157. A total of 103 cull cows from 15 dairy herds were sampled at slaughter; 4 (3.9%) were positive for E. coli O157. Eighty-nine cull cows were sampled both at the farm and at slaughter; 2 (2.2%) were positive in both locations, 3 (3.3%) only on the farm, and 2 (2.2%) only at the slaughter plant. Seven (7.9%) of the 89 cull cows tracked from farm to slaughter were positive in at least one location. This suggests a higher prevalence of E. coli O157 in cull dairy cattle than previously has been reported to occur in other ages and classes of cattle.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Coat Color and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-717
Author(s):  
Sara Lamari ◽  
Youcef Saber
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Temperature Regulator ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficiency Of Reproduction ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Reproduction Efficiency

The objective of the current study was to analyze the reproduction parameters of 48 dairy cows (29 Montbeliardes and 19 Normandes) and their relationship to coat color. Cows were imported from European countries and raised in the semi-arid region of Sétif in Algeria. The findings showed that the cows of the Montbéliarde breed were more fertile and of greater reproduction efficiency, compared to Normandes. Regarding the Montbéliarde breed, the intervals between calving and calving to conception were respectively 378.34 and 98.65 days, which were shorter than those of the Normandes breed (67 and 22 days, respectively). Normandes cows registered a higher number of services per conception (1.54 ± 0.9), compared to Montbeliarde cows (1.34 ± 0.55). Calving to the first service interval of the Normandes (76 days) was longer by 5 days than that of the Montbéliarde breed. The coats of Montbéliarde cows (51%) were whiter than those of Normandes (48%). A darker hair coat probably assured protectivity against thermal stress and greater efficiency of reproduction. The interval between calving in Montbéliarde cows was significantly affected by coat color; the interval between calving of cows with a colored coat was shorter (358 days) than whiter cows (400 days). For Normandes, cows with a colorful coat required fewer services per conception number (1.44). Hair works as a temperature regulator and may affect reproduction performances. The results of the current study suggest the possibility of integrating coat color into animal selection. It can be assumed that colored coats for Montbéliarde and Normande breeds appear to be related to their reproductive efficiency (interval between calving and number of services per conception, respectively).

scholarly journals Repetition of estrus is the most frequent reproductive problem after breeding in dairy cattle from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Kenji Nunes Arashiro ◽  
Hugo Libonati ◽  
Gustavo Bervian dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Altamiro Garcia Nogueira ◽  
Guilherme Nunes de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Reproductive Problem

ABSTRACT: Reproductive efficiency is one of the key elements for any milk production system to be successful. In this regard, reproductive management must be planned properly and the identification of the main reproductive disorders that affect the herd is primordial for decision-making. The aim of the present study was to identify the main reproductive problems that affect dairy herds on Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. Data regarding breed, age, reproductive disorder occurrence, and breeding system were individually collected from dairy cows raised at 25 farms located at RJ. The occurrence of reproductive disorders was reported in 37% of the studied animals. Estrous repetition (76.2%) and abortion (15.6%) were the most frequent reproductive problems reported. Estrous repetition was more common in older animals (>6 years old). However, an association between abortion and age of animal was not observed, nor an association between breeding system and occurrence of abortion. The present results demonstrated that estrous repetition is the main obstacle to the reproductive efficiency in dairy herds at RJ, and that the replace of older cows by heifers is an important point within reproductive management of a dairy herd.

Prevalence of pathogens in milk samples of dairy cows with clinical mastitis and in heifers at first parturition

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd-Alois Tenhagen ◽  
Inken Hansen ◽  
Annette Reinecke ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk samples from dairy cows and heifers was studied over a period of 1 year (Aug 2005–Aug 2006) in ten dairy herds in Germany. Milk samples (n=8240) were collected from heifers without clinical mastitis at parturition (n=6915), from primiparous cows with clinical mastitis (n=751) and from older cows with clinical mastitis (n=574). Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were the predominant group of bacteria isolated (46·8% of samples) from clinically healthy quarters of primiparous cows around parturition, followed by streptococci (12·6%), coliforms (4·7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4·0%). Thirty-three percent of samples were negative on culture (range on farm level, 12·0–46·4%). In cases of clinical mastitis in primiparous and older cows, streptococci were the predominant finding (32·1 and 39·2%) followed by CNS (27·4 and 16·4%), coliforms (10·3 and 13·1%) and Staph. aureus (10·0 and 11·7%). Negative results were obtained from 21·3% (range, 0·0–30·6%) and 19·5% (range, 0·0–32·6%) of these samples. Results indicated substantial differences in the prevalence of pathogens among herds. There was a positive within-herd correlation between the monthly prevalences for Streptococcus dysgalactiae between the three groups of samples. This correlation was also found between clinical samples of primiparous and older cows for Staph. aureus. These correlations were not found for the other pathogens. Besides herd, prevalence of pathogens was influenced by parity, type of sample and season.

scholarly journals NON-GENETIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCIDENCE OF CALVING ABNORMALITIES IN CROSSBRED COWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Nitin Wakchaure ◽  
Ravinder Malhotra ◽  
Udita Chaudhary ◽  
Dilip Deokar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Very High

Background: Calving abnormalities incudes reproductive disorders such as abortion and dystocia which affects the herd life and reproductive efficiency of dairy animals and ultimately the economics of dairy herds because of replacement from herd. Generally, crossbreds cows are more susceptible for the incidence of calving abnormalities as compared to the indigenous breeds. Methods: For the present study, secondary data of calving abnormalities such as abortion and dystocia was collected from the disease records of Phule Triveni crossbred cows. The data consists of 2168 number of calvings records of abortion and dystocia during the period of 20 years from 1995-2014. The incidence of calving abnormalities such as abortion and dystocia were calculated as percentage for each period, season, parity, stage of lactation and level of production. Results:The incidence of calving abnormalities was 8.53 per cent while the incidence of abortion and dystocia was 5.81 and 2.3 per cent.The incidence of abortion was higher during summer season (7.61 per cent) while that of dystocia in rainy season (3.00 per cent).The highest incidence of abortion was observed in fourth parity in case of abortion (10.86 per cent) and dystocia (3.37 per cent). Conclusion: Non-genetic factors such as season, party, late stage of lactation and very high milk producing cows are predisposing factors for more occurrence of calving abnormalities in Phule Triveni crossbred cows, so more emphasis should be given to managemental practices to minimise the occurrence of incidence at farm level.

Relationship between milk somatic cell count and postpartum ovarian cyclicity and fertility in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thinh Nguyen ◽  
Toshihiko Nakao ◽  
Gokarna Gautam ◽  
Long Su ◽  
Ranasinghe Ranasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of the study was to describe the relationship of high somatic cell count (SCC) with the incidence of abnormal postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The factors influencing SCC were also investigated. Four hundred and forty-seven cows from six dairy herds in Japan were monitored for SCC and postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity. Cows with high SCC (200,000 to 500,000) had a higher incidence of prolonged luteal phase (P < 0.01) than cows with an SCC of 50,000 to 100,000. The high SCC cows (> 500,000) also showed a higher incidence of delayed first ovulation post partum than cows with an SCC ≤500,000 (P < 0.05) during the first month post partum. Cows with an SCC of 200,000 to 500,000 showed lower conception and pregnancy rates, and more days from calving to conception than cows with an SCC of less than 200,000 (P < 0.05). Cows in parity 5 or more had a higher incidence of high SCC than cows in the first and second parities (P < 0.05). It is concluded that cows with a high SCC have a higher incidence of abnormal postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity, leading to reduced reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Differences in the Fecal Concentrations and Genetic Diversities of Campylobacter jejuni Populations among Individual Cows in Two Dairy Herds

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 7564-7571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Rapp ◽  
Colleen M. Ross ◽  
Eve J. Pleydell ◽  
Richard W. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACTDairy cows have been identified as common carriers ofCampylobacter jejuni, which causes many of the human gastroenteritis cases reported worldwide. To design on-farm management practices that control the human infection sourced from dairy cows, the first step is to acquire an understanding of the excretion patterns of the cow reservoir. We monitored the same 35 cows from two dairy farms forC. jejuniexcretion fortnightly for up to 12 months. The objective was to examine the concentration ofC. jejuniand assess the genetic relationship of theC. jejunipopulations excreted by individual cows. Significant differences (P< 0.01) inC. jejunifecal concentration were observed among the 35 cows, with median concentrations that varied by up to 3.6 log10· g−1feces. A total of 36 different genotypes were identified from the 514 positive samples by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Although 22 of these genotypes were excreted by more than one cow, the analysis of frequencies and distribution of the genotypes by model-based statistics revealed a high degree of individuality in theC. jejunipopulation in each cow. The observed variation in the frequency of excretion of a genotype among cows and the analysis by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of these genotypes suggest that excretion ofC. jejuniin high numbers is due to a successful adaptation of a particular genotype to a particular cow's gut environment, but that animal-related factors render some individual cows resistant to colonization by particular genotypes. The reasons for differences inC. jejunicolonization of animals warrant further investigation.

Predicting the time of ovulation in dairy cows using milk progesterone kits

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
B.J. McLeod ◽  
R.F. Weller ◽  
R.H. Phipps ◽  
J.A. Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
On Farm

Poor reproductive performance of dairy herds is seldom attributable to a high incidence of embryonic loss or to long periods of anoestrus, but is generally due to the failure to inseminate cows that are cycling normally.Even in the best managed herds, oestrus detection rates rarely exceed 70-80%, and often 10-20% of non-oestrous animals may be recorded as being on heat. These shortcomings in oestrus detection can be overcome by monitoring oestrous cycles in Individual animals, thus enabling the time of ovulation to be predicted. For example, when cows that failed to show oestrus, were inseminated on the basis of milk progesterone profiles, the conception rates achieved were similar to those in cows inseminated at observed oestrus (Ball and Jackson, 1979). In addition, in groups of animals inseminated at progesterone-timed rather than at observed oestrus, the number of cows served over a one-cycle period increased dramatically (98 v 71%), and days from calving to first service decreased (78 v 92 days), (Foulkes, Cookson and Sauer, 1982). In this study, the feasibility of using on-farm milk progesterone kits as a practical method of predicting ovulation, and its effects on herd reproductive performance were assessed.

The use of pedometers to detect oestrus in dairy cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S.A. Schofield ◽  
C.J.C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Poor oestrous detection is considered by many the most important management problem in the UK dairy herds. Various detection aids are available to the farmer, but in spite of these the average oestrous detection rate in Britain is low, only about 40 - 60% (Poole and Mabey, 1986).Cows in oestrus tend to be more active than non-oestrous cows and results from various workers indicate that activity is a good indicator of oestrus (Kiddy 1976, Lewis and Newman, 1984). Three experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the distance walked and oestrous state of cows.Pedometers designed to measure human walking activity were used to measure the physical activity of the dairy cow. These were attached to the hind leg of the cow. In experiment 1 distance walked (miles/day) was recorded twice daily for 20 cows in a cubicle shed on the day of oestrus and 5 days pre - or post - oestrus. In experiment2 pedometers were evaluated in two environments for oestrous detection with 20 cows allocated to a cubicle shed or a straw yard. In a third experiment behavioural observations of 20 cows were recorded four times daily with pedometer readings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document