scholarly journals Estimating plasma volume in neonatal Holstein calves fed one or two feedings of a lacteal-based colostrum replacer using Evans blue dye and hematocrit values at various time points

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie G. Cabral ◽  
Colleen E. Chapman ◽  
Emily J. Kent ◽  
Peter S. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Cabral, R. G., Chapman, C. E., Kent, E. J. and Erickson, P. S. 2015. Estimating plasma volume in neonatal Holstein calves fed one or two feedings of a lacteal-based colostrum replacer using Evans blue dye and hematocrit values at various time points. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 293–298. Twenty-eight Holstein calves were blocked by birth date and randomly assigned to one of two treatments to investigate the effect of colostrum replacer (CR) feeding regimen on plasma volume (PV). Treatments were: (1) one feeding of CR (C1; 3 L of reconstituted CR 675 g of powder providing 184.5 g of IgG at birth) or (2) two feedings of CR (C2; 2 L of reconstituted CR at birth and 1 L of reconstituted CR at 6 h). By 6 h of age, all calves had received 3 L of CR providing 184.5 g of IgG. Plasma volume was estimated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after birth using Evans blue dye. No treatment effects were noted at any time points (P>0.05). Mean PV for all calves regardless of treatment at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h were 78.6, 89.2, 83.9, and 90.7 mL kg−1 of body weight, respectively. Plasma volume was correlated with hematocrit (HCT), initial HCT, and treatment. Hematocrit was correlated with PV, initial HCT, and body weight. Hematocrit for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after birth can be predicted with an initial precolostral HCT determination.

A modified bioassay for heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stavric ◽  
D. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Stomach Distention ◽  
Time Required

Infant mice were injected orally with preparations containing Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) and Evans blue dye, and incubated at 22 °C. With enterotoxin-positive samples, the stomach was distended and contained essentially all of the dye. With enterotoxin-negative samples, the stomach remained normal in size and the dye passed freely into the intestines. The time required to obtain the maximum ratio of gut weight to body weight varied from 30 to 90 min and was dependent upon the concentration of enterotoxin. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) had no effect during this period.Based on these findings, the mouse incubation time was reduced from 4 h to 90 min, and the heating of test samples was retained only for confirmation of ST. The location of the dye and stomach distention served as an indicator of positive responses to ST. Incubation of the mice at room temperature (22 °C) was found satisfactory.

Determination of plasma volume in swine by the enzyme-dilution method

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (5) ◽  
pp. R1003-R1008
Author(s):  
M. A. Holmes ◽  
R. B. Weiskopf
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Concentration Curves ◽  
Alt Activity

Plasma volume of six young swine was determined by simultaneous dilution in the plasma of two purified porcine enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Evans blue dye. Ninety-minute time-activity and time-concentration curves were obtained, and the dilution spaces of each plasma indicator at the time of injection were estimated by extrapolation of data from the first 30 min after injection. Plasma volumes estimated using the two enzymes agreed closely with each other (AST, mean 50.2 ml/kg; ALT, mean 49.8 ml/kg) and were 11% smaller than those determined using Evans blue dye (mean 56.3 ml/kg). Plasma volumes calculated from the AST and ALT activities and Evans blue dye concentration in a sample drawn 5 min after injection very closely approximated those obtained by extrapolation. These values were comparable to previously published estimates of plasma volume for swine of equivalent weight. Endogenous plasma levels of AST and ALT activity were measured in samples drawn from five swine before and after a 40% blood loss. No significant change in AST or ALT activities occurred after hemorrhage.

A modified evans blue dye method for determining plasma volume in the horse

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. McKeever ◽  
William A. Schurg ◽  
Victor A. Convertino
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye

Measurement of plasma volume in pregnancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Brown ◽  
Dina A. Mitar ◽  
Judith A. Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Evans Blue Dye

1. Determination of the plasma volume in pregnant women is a useful research tool and may become an important clinical measurement. We used three methods to determine plasma volume using Evans Blue dye: (1) the ‘usual’ method, measuring serum absorbance at a wavelength of 610 nm, (2) a two-wavelength method, and (3) precipitation of non-albumin proteins by the addition of polyethyleneglycol before measuring serum absorbance at a wavelength of 620 nm. These were each compared with the standard 125I-human serum albumin method in 20 non-pregnant subjects. Subsequently, the polyethylene glycol method was considered the standard and the three Evans Blue dye methods were compared in 20 pregnant women. 2. In non-pregnant subjects mean plasma volumes did not differ significantly according to the method used. However, the limits of agreement with 125I-human serum albumin method were closest for the polyethyleneglycol method, for both clear and turbid sera. 3. In pregnant women, mean plasma volume values did not differ according to the Evans Blue dye method used, but the limits of agreement were significantly closer with the two-wavelength method than with the ‘usual’ method (P<0.05) largely owing to the effects of turbid sera. 4. These studies demonstrate that considerable error may occur when the Evans Blue dye concentration is determined in turbid sera by the ‘usual’ method. This can be overcome by the use of the two-wavelength method or the polyethyleneglycol method. The most accurate results will be obtained if the latter method is employed routinely to determine plasma volume in pregnant women.

Regional Deposition of Inhaled Evans Blue Dye in Mechanically Ventilated Rabbits with Air or Helium Oxygen Mixture

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Svartengren ◽  
Patrik Skogward ◽  
Ola Nerbrink ◽  
Magnus Dahlbäck
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Regional Deposition

scholarly journals Acoustic enhanced Evans blue dye perfusion in neurological tissues

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Lewis Jr. ◽  
Willam L. Olbricht ◽  
George Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Evans Blue Dye

Flow of edema fluid into pulmonary airways

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1262-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Mason ◽  
R. M. Effros
Keyword(s):  
Evans Blue ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Colloid Particles ◽  
Edema Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Airways ◽  
99Mtc Sulfur Colloid

An in situ rabbit preparation was used to characterize the manner in which edema fluid enters the airways when left atrial pressures are elevated. The airways were initially filled with fluid to minimize retrograde flow of edema fluid into the alveoli. The airway solution contained 125I-albumin and in some studies [14C]sucrose, and the lungs were perfused with a comparable solution which contained albumin labeled with Evans blue dye and 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) or 99mTc-sulfur-colloid particles (0.4-1.7 micron diam). After 30 min of perfusion, fluid was pumped from the airways into serial tubes. When left atrial pressures were low, there was very little transfer of labels detectable between the airway and perfusate solutions. However when left atrial pressures were increased to either 15 or 22 cmH2O, fluid entered the airways containing approximately the same concentrations of Evans blue dye and 99mTc-DTPA as those present in the perfusate. In contrast, the concentration of colloid particles averaged less than 5% perfusate concentrations, indicating that the fluid had not escaped through a tear in the barriers separating the vascular and airway compartments. Concentrations of the perfusate fluid and indicators were highest in the initial samples pumped from the airways. These observations suggest that some of the fluid entering the airways may be derived from peribronchial cuffs or that there are marked regional differences in edema formation from alveoli.

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