Is there a lifeguard at the genepool?

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Diversity

Modern agricultural practices have led to a decline in our farm animal genetic resources. Changes in the environment or society demands for more ecologically sustainable production systems may require breeds other than those in common use today. Although definitions of levels of concern differ, Canada has a number of endangered breeds which are of cultural and historical interest and which may be useful in future niche markets. Canada has formally ratified the international convention on biological diversity, but funding cuts have jeopardised national programs. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations has the mandate to establish an international program for conserving domestic animal diversity and its sustainable use. A major initiative has been the establishment of a data base and training information available through the World Wide Web. New technologies such as microsatellite markers and mathematical modelling offer promise for integration with more traditional live animal conservation methods and are now being incorporated into conservation schemes in a number of countries. Canadian groups involved in livestock and poultry genetic resource conservation must continue to interact to ensure a coordinated approach. Key words: Biodiversity, breed conservation, animal genetic resources

scholarly journals El Programa Mundial para el Manejo de los Recursos Genéticos de los Animales Domésticos

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Salah Galal ◽  
Kleith Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Technical Program ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Animal Diversity ◽  
Farm Animal Genetic Resources

<p>Actualmente existen cerca de 3.972 razas de crianza incluidas en 28 especies de animales domésticos según estimativos del Banco Mundial de Datos de la FAO, las cuales contribuyen significativamente al bienestar material, social y cultural de la población humana. Se estima que el3o% de estas razas están en riesgo o peligro de extinción. El mantener la diversidad entre y en las especies, es crucial para el desarrollo actual y futuro de los sistemas sostenibles de producción animal. El marco de referencia general del Programa Global para el Manejo de los Recursos Genéticos Animales de la FAO (Programa de la FAO), está apoyado por el Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica (CBD), por la Conferencia sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas (UnceD), realizada en Río de Janeiro en 1992 y por las recomendaciones hechas en varias reuniones realizadas entre gobiernos y con otras entidades. El Programa de la FAO colabora con los países en el estudio y la documentación de sus razas de crianza, en estrategias para su mejor utilización y conservación, de modo que sea posible su uso en el futuro y, además para facilitar el acceso a estos recursos genéticos únicos.</p><p>El Programa de la FAO incluye cuatro puntos básicos: 1) una estructura global dirigida en el país; 2) un mecanismo intergubernamental para controlar el progreso y el desarrollo de una política internacional; 3) un programa técnico de trabajo; y, 4) un grupo de expertos que asesoran el desarrollo del Programa . La función de la FAO es básicamente liderar, facilitar y, en general, coordinar e informar. La estructura física del Programa está compuesta por las Oficinas Centrales Nacionales en los países, por las Oficinas en las principales regiones y subregiones del mundo y por la Oficina Principal de la FAO en Roma. La estructura virtual del Programa está constituida por el Sistema de Información sobre Diversidad Animal Nacional (DAD-IS), disponible ahora en Internet. Actualmente la estructura está completa en Europa, comenzó con 12 países en Asia, está en proceso de formación en América y, en 1997, se iniciará en el Cercano Oriente.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The Global Program for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources</strong></p><p>At present there are 3-972 breeds for 28 domestic species according to FAO's Global Databank estimatives which are contributing significantly to the material, social and cultural welfare of the human population. It is estimated that 30% of these breeds are either at risk or endangered of becoming extinct. Maintaining diversity among and within species is crucial for the present and future development of sustainable animal production systems. The general framework of reference for the FAO Global Program for the Management of Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAO Program for short) is the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) endorsed by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Unced) held in Río De Janeiro in 1992 and recommendations made by various FAO intergovernmental and other forums. The FAO Program is aimed at assisting countries to survey and document their breeds of livestock, better utilize these breeds, maintain them for possible future use and access those unique genetic resources. The FAO Program comprises four components: a country driven global structure, an intergovernmental mechanism to effectively monitor progress and develop international policy, a technical program of work, and cadres of experts to help guide the Program development. FAO's role is that of leading, facilitating and globally coordinating and reporting. The Program physical structure is composed of National Focal points in countries, Regional Focal Points in the main world regions and sub­regions and a Global Focus at FAO, Rome. The virtual structure of the Program is that of the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS), available now on the Internent. At present the structure has been completed for Europe, started with 12 countries in Asia, in the process of formation in the Americas and initiation will start in 1997 in the Near East.</p>

Convention on Biological Diversity: Towards a sustainable future

Social Change ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 173-191
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Transfer Benefit ◽  
Global Agreement

In an era of a rapidly shrinking biological resources, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a historic landmark, being the first global agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. The CBD is one of the few international agreements in the area of natural resource conservation in which sustainability and equitable benefit-sharing are central concerns. The CBD links traditional conservation efforts to the economic goal of using biological resources sustainably and sets forth principles for the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources, notably those destined for commercial use. Importantly, the CBD also gives traditional knowledge its due place in the sustainable use of genetic resources. The CBD also covers the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology, addressing technology development and transfer, benefit-sharing and biosafety, in an equitable framework. In the coming years, the CBD is likely to have major repercussions on the way biodiversity is conserved and benefits thereof, shared between the developing and developed worlds. The following commentary on the CBD has drawn heavily from a document produced by Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, at the United Nations Environment Programme. Articles 1 to 21 of the CBD have also been reproduced here in order to disseminate knowledge regarding the principles of the CBD-Editor.

Passing on the fire - To further inspire people to contribute to the management of animal genetic resources

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. Kubbinga ◽  
I. Hoffmann ◽  
B. Scherf
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Technical Conference ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
History Of

SummaryIn light of the upcoming first International Technical Conference on Animal Genetic Resources (September 2007), experts have been interviewed to tell about their experiences in the management of animal genetic resources over the past fifty years. They identified three milestones in the history of Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) management: the foundation of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (1973), the FAO/UNEP 1980 Technical Consultation on AnGR, and the signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992). Conservation of AnGR started at grassroot level and eventually led to policies at governmental level. The passion of civil society organizations remains vital to conserve local livestock breeds. Technical and financial support will be crucial for the future of AnGR conservation. The next milestone will be a Global Plan of Action that is expected as one outcome of the International Technical Conference.

The ‘Facilitator’: Proposing a New Mechanism to Strengthen the Equitable and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatole F. Krattiger ◽  
William H. Lesser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Equitable Sharing

The focus of the Convention on Biological Diversity on conservation, the sustainable use of the greatest possible diversity of biota, and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived therefrom, has broadened the opportunities and responsibilities of a range of entities that are involved with conservation. Countries seeking to market their genetic resources, as well as firms seeking access to these materials, are uncertain as to how to proceed under the new expectations brought about by the Convention, and the excitement stemming from prospecting revenues is having an unfortunate side-effect in emphasizing the perceived newness of this opportunity. The continued emphasis on newness discourages participation until a less risky standard practice emerges.

scholarly journals Past, Present, and Future of Fruit Germplasm Exploration

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Kim E. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Food And Agriculture

The fruits of the earth have healed, nurtured, and intrigued humanity throughout history. Cultivated fruit species have complex genome that will continue to require the input of novel genetic resources. Prospecting for wild fruit species will continue. The global nature of science and commerce will drive the demand to expand available genetic resources for fruit improvement. New technologies will enable future explorers to reach remote sites and species. Recent advances, such as geopositioning and remote-communication devices, will be used to a greater degree for targeting specific collection sites and documenting records of origin. The sovereignty of countries over their plant genetic resources, as specified by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, will continue to be a cornerstone for negotiating bilateral agreements and plant exchange. Although this could be considered a limitation to plant exploration in some situations, global strategies now in conceptual infancy will be developed to encourage and support ex situ preservation and continued plant exchange for long-term conservation and humanitarian benefit.

scholarly journals Global taxonomy initiative: Building capacity in taxonomy to underpin the conservation of biological diversity

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Junko Shimura ◽  
Kaduo Hiraki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
The World ◽  
Equitable Sharing ◽  
United Nations Convention

The Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) is across cutting issue of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to address the lack of taxonomic information and expertise available in many parts of the world, and thereby to improve decision making in conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of the benefits derived from genetic resources.

scholarly journals Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sabran ◽  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Mastur Mastur
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture Development

<p>The high diverse of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) in Indonesia needs to be conserved for sustainable use to achieve food security despite a still growing population. Therefore, database and information system which could add value to the PGRFA have been developed by many international initiatives and conventions which impact to national level. Two international agreements that Indonesia intensively involved to govern access and share the benefit arising from the use of the valuable PGRFA are the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) and the Nagoya Protocol of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. Agriculture development in Indonesia, however, is still faced many challenges. This review described and discussed the high biodiversity in Indonesia, utilization and conservation of PGRFA, supporting regulation and policy on PGRFA along with the progress of database and information system. Overall, promoting conservation and the sustainable use of PGRFA is a key goal of various national, regional, and global efforts, initiatives, and agreements governing them for human well-being.</p>

Impacts on Canadian agriculture of the Convention on Biological Diversity

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Harvey ◽  
Brad Fraleigh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

Canada was among the first nations to sign and ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity. With strong support from the federal government, the Canadian delegation played a key role in its negotiation. The Convention has three major elements: (1) the conservation of biodiversity; (2) the sustainable use of biodiversity; and (3) the equitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of biodiversity. Canada has developed a draft strategy to meet our obligations as a signatory nation. This strategy was developed with input from various levels of government and from a wide range of individuals and organizations. The benefits to agriculture are increased resources for the conservation of biodiversity, which is vital to this industry, and continued access to germplasm. The costs are the funds necessary to conserve, an obligation to share knowledge and benefits from genetic resources and greater regulation of germplasm exchange. Key words: Biodiversity, conservation, germplasm, convention, genetic resources

Genetic diversity and sustainable management of animal genetic resources, globally

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fimland
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Commercial Breeding

SummaryGeneral trends of development imply an increasing uniformity of animal genetic resources, caused by the loss of endangered breeds and increased inbreeding within commercial breeding populations. The implications of these trends point to a reduction in the genetic diversity of the animal genetic resources, which may reduce possibilities for utilization in the future, while at the same time a dramatic change in environmental production conditions can be observed. In order to change this developmental trend, sustainable management of animal genetic resources must be promoted globally. The fundamental issues for such sustainable management are illustrated by the principles given in the Convention on Biological Diversity. In order to accomplish sustainable management of these resources, the following actions must be taken:• The development of policies to promote national and global responsibility for maintaining genetic diversity, which will not be addressed within this paper• The development of knowledge as a fundamental concept to impose sustainable management principles on these animal genetic resources. This will be dealt with in this paper. A more complete description of these features can be found in Woolliams et al, 2005 in (Sustainable Management of Animal Genetic Resources).

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