Effects of stage of processing of canola seed on chemical composition and in vitro protein degradability of canola meal and intermediate products

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
R. Newkirk
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Vitro Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of stage of processing of canola seed on chemical characteristics and in vitro crude protein degradability (IVCPD) of canola products. Processing stage prior to oil extraction had no effect on nutrient composition or IVCPD of canola products. Prepressing of cooked flaked seed reduced IVCPD and increased fiber and crude protein (CP) levels of presscake relative to canola seed (P < 0.05). Heating in the desolvetizer-toaster increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content and reduced CP solubility and IVCPD of canola meal relative to solvent-extracted meal (P < 0.05). Acid detergent insoluble CP of canola products was not affected by stage of processing. It was concluded that major changes in protein composition and degradability took place as a result of heating in the desolventizer-toaster stage. Key words: Canola processing, heat treatment, protein degradability

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals PSVII-35 Late-Breaking Abstract: Microwave heat treatment feed effect on ruminal degradability and intestinal protein digestibility - a brief review

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Md Safiqur Rahaman Shishir ◽  
Muhammad Jamal Khan ◽  
Hassan Khanaki ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Brendan Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Abstract Rumen degradability of crude protein (CP) of feed is a major factor that determines the utilization of CP in ruminant production. This study briefly reviewed the findings from six international studies of microwave (MW) heat treatment effect on feed CP rumen degradability and intestinal CP digestibility. Six in vitro studies of concentrate feed (canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, cottonseed meal, corn, and barley) showed a decrease in effective rumen degradability of dry matter and protein by 4–40% and 17–40%, respectively compared to control group (untreated concentrate feed). Among the six studies, four studies identified the MW heat treatment effect on intestinal protein digestibility. Due to MW heat treatment, canola seed, canola meal, soya bean meal, and cottonseed meal showed an increase in intestinal CP digestibility by 17%, 20%, 21%, and 19%, respectively. Overall the briefly reviewed studies showed that, MW heat treatment substantially reduced feed CP ruminal degradability and increased in vitro CP digestibility of ruminally undegraded CP.

Feeding value of wheat-based thin stillage: in vitro protein degradability and effects on ruminal fermentation.

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Iwanchysko ◽  
J J McKinnon ◽  
A F Mustafa ◽  
D A Christensen ◽  
D McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Thin Stillage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Vitro Protein ◽  
Protein Degradability

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Stage and Fertilization on Crude Protein and In Vitro Protein Degradation of Cool-Season Annual Forages

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2550-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hafley ◽  
W.A. Nipper ◽  
W.M. Craig ◽  
R.W. Adkinson ◽  
A.S. Achacoso
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Vitro Protein

Seasonal changes in forage nutritive value of common weeds encountered in Missouri pastures

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Gatlin Bunton ◽  
Zach Trower ◽  
Craig Roberts ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractDuring the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, weed and weed-free mixed tall fescue and legume forage samples were harvested from 29 pastures throughout Missouri for investigation of the nutritive value of 20 common pasture weed species throughout the season. At certain times during the growing season, many broadleaf weed species had greater nutritive values for a given quality parameter as compared with the available weed-free, mixed tall fescue and legume forage harvested from the same location. There were no significant differences in crude protein concentration between the weed-free forage and many weeds throughout the growing season. However, crude protein content of common burdock, common cocklebur, common ragweed, dandelion, horsenettle, and lanceleaf ragweed was greater than that of the corresponding forage sample at multiple collection periods. The digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) content of all broadleaf weeds except lanceleaf ragweed was significantly lower than that of the weed-free forage at all collection periods. Conversely, large crabgrass had significantly greater digestible neutral detergent fiber levels than did the mixed tall fescue forage at all sampling dates. Dandelion and spiny amaranth had greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) content than did the forage for the entire growing season. Three perennial weeds—horsenettle, vervains, and late boneset—did not differ in IVTD levels as compared with the mixed tall fescue and legume forage at any collection date. For most summer annual weeds, the trend was toward greater digestibility earlier in the season, with a gradual decline and often lower IVTD by the late summer or early fall. The results of this study will enable producers to make more informed management decisions about the potential benefit or detriment a weed may provide to the overall nutritive value of the pasture system.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on digestion in the rumen and total tract of dairy cows

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
D. R. Zobell ◽  
M. D. Pickard ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Protein Degradability

The effect of micronization of full-fat canola seed on dry matter disappearance (DMD) and total nitrogen disappearance (TND) in the rumen and intestine were investigated. Full-fat canola seed was left untreated (C) or micronized for 1.5 min (M), and left whole (CW, MW) or ground to pass through a 1.25-mm sieve (CG, MG). In vitro gas production from CW and MW were determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 20, 24, 32, 48, 52, 68 and 72 h. For subsequent studies, CW was hand-cracked (CH) for comparison against MW. In situ DMD and TND from CH, MW, CG and MG were determined after 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96 h of ruminal incubation. The mobile nylon bag technique was used to estimate intestinal digestion (DM and N disappearance) of samples incubated in the rumen for 16 h and in acid-pepsin for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the pattern and extent of seed coat rupture from hand-cracking and from micronization to be similar, but micronization-mediated changes to the internal structures were evident in ground samples. Micronization increased (P < 0.05) in vitro gas production from whole canola seed (CW vs. MW), but relative to CH, DMD and TND from MW were lower (P < 0.001) in situ and in the whole digestive tract (P < 0.001). Estimated intestinal DMD and TND did not differ (P > 0.05) between CH and MW. Ruminal DMD and TND from ground seed were reduced (P < 0.05) by micronization (CG vs. MG) in the rumen, but intestinal DMD and TND were increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), thus in the whole digestive tract, these values did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Micronization reduced potential ruminal protein degradability (P < 0.05) and effective ruminal protein degradability (P < 0.01) of full-fat canola, and in combination with grinding, increased the proportion of protein digestion in the intestine. Key words: Micronization, full-fat canola seed, digestibility, rumen, dairy cow, in situ

YIELD, QUALITY AND PRESERVATION OF MOIST HAY SUBJECTED TO RAIN-FREE AND WEATHERED CONDITIONS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-622
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The effects of moisture level and a neutralized propionate preservative on yield, quality and preservation of rain-free and weathered alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay were studied in separate trials. Moisture levels of 252, 185 and 138 g kg−1 in rain-free hay and 297, 211 and 180 g kg−1 in weathered hay were designated as High, Medium and Low, respectively. The weathered hay received 66 mm of rain at about 600 g kg−1 moisture and another 15 mm prior to baling at the Low moisture level. The preservative (680 g kg−1 propionic acid equivalent) was applied at 1.25 and 1.50% (wt wt−1) for rain-free and weathered hay, respectively. The High and Medium moisture level treatments had similar harvested dry matter (DM) yields in both rain-free and weathered hay. Rain-free hay DM yield at harvest was 6–9% higher for the High and Medium treatments than the Low moisture level, while for the weathered hay the Medium level was 3.0% higher (P < 0.05) than the Low moisture level. Poststorage forage qualities of the Low and Medium moisture level treatments were similar and higher than the High moisture treatment (P < 0.05) in rain-free hays, while the Medium level treatment was highest (P < 0.05) for forage quality in weathered hay. The Medium moisture level compared with Low moisture level resulted in 10.4, 10.6 and 15.8% higher yields of DM, in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and crude protein, respectively, in rain-free hay and 3.1, 6.3 and 5.7% higher, respectively, in weathered hay. The propionate was inconsistent in preventing DM loss during storage, but reduced temperature and mould count in both hay types. Application of 1.25 and 1.50% (wt wt−1) of propionate improved poststorage IVDOM by 2.0 and 3.6%; increased crude protein yield by 3.0 and 5.7% and IVDOM yield by 3.3 and 5.7%; reduced neutral detergent fiber by 5.4 and 7.6%; reduced acid detergent fiber by 5.4 and 7.1%; and reduced acid detergent insoluble nitrogen by 9 and 18% in rain-free and weathered hay, respectively. It is recommended that large round bales be harvested at moisture levels somewhat above 170 g kg−1 for both rain-free and weathered hay with or without a neutralized propionic acid preservative. Serious losses may occur above 250 g kg−1 moisture with or without the use of a preservative. Key words: Alfalfa, moist hay, neutralized propionate, large round bales, weathering, preservation

Lignosulfonate-treated canola meal for nursing beef calves

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
In Sacco ◽  
Protein Degradability

A study was conducted to determine the effects of lignosulfonate and heat treatment of canola meal on protein degradability, and to evaluate whether feeding treated canola meal to nursing beef calves enhances preweaning growth. Four supplements were formulated to contain 31% crude protein (CP) using either: (1) untreated canola meal (UTC), (2) heat-treated canola meal (HTC; 100 °C for 1 h), (3) lignosulfonate-treated canola meal (LTC; 5% calcium lignosulfonate and 100 °C for 1 h), or (4) corn distillers' dried grains (DDG). Degradability of canola meal CP was reduced significantly from 55.1% (measured in sacco) to 43.2% by heat, and to 26.7% by lignosulfonate treatment. One hundred and three nursing crossbred calves were given access to either no supplement (control) or one of the four supplements. Weight gain (kg d−1) increased (P < 0.05) from 0.90 for the control to 1.05 for calves fed DDG, and further increased (P < 0.05) to 1.16, 1.16 and 1.18 for calves fed UTC, HTC, and LTC, respectively. Consequently, calves fed canola meal gained 30.8 kg more (P < 0.05) than those fed control, and 12.8 kg more (P < 0.05) than those fed DDG. The performance of suckling calves during the grazing season and body condition of their dams were enhanced by offering canola-based creep feeds. Although degradability of canola meal CP was substantially lowered by lignosulfonate treatment, calf performance was not further enhanced by feeding treated canola meal. Key words: Beef cattle, creep feeding, canola meal, lignosulfonate, heat-treatment, distillers' dried grains, protein degradability

scholarly journals Effect of extruding on ruminal disappearance and lower gastrointestinal tract digestion of white lupin seeds

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Kibelolaud ◽  
M. Vernay ◽  
C. Bayourthe ◽  
R. Moncoulon
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Lupin Seeds

The effect of extruding white lupin (Lupinus albus 'Lublanc') seeds (WLS) at 110, 130, 150 or 180 °C on the in vitro solubility of crude protein (CP) and in sacco rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of rumen escape CP and fiber was determined. Rumen degradation was estimated by incubating nylon bags in the rumen of cows for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Extruding WLS at 110, 130, 150 and 180 °C reduced the CP-solubility by 32.8, 47.7, 58.4 and 67.5%, respectively. The effective ruminal degradabilities of CP, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were evaluated assuming a ruminal outflow rate of 0.06 h−1. Heating WLS at 110, 130, 150 and 180 °C decreased the ruminal degradability of CP value: 89.8, 79.9, 65.1, 61.8 vs. 93.4% (raw), respectively; the corresponding values for ADF and NDF were: 38.4, 35.3, 34.2, 27.6 vs. 43.6% (raw) and 37.7, 33.1, 32.2, 26.5 vs. 39.4% (raw). Postruminal digestion was estimated using a sequence of ruminal in situ incubation for 4, 8 and 16 h, in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin bath for 3 h and a mobile nylon bag technique distal to the abomasum. Extrusion of WLS decreased the degradability of CP, ADF and NDF in the rumen with a corresponding increase in the amounts digested in the postruminal sections; the whole-tract digestibility was generally unchanged. Therefore, the processing shifted the digestion of these components from rumen to the lower gastrointestinal tract. Key words: White lupin seed, in vitro solubility, rumen degradability, postruminal digestion, crude protein, detergent fiber

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