YIELD, QUALITY AND PRESERVATION OF MOIST HAY SUBJECTED TO RAIN-FREE AND WEATHERED CONDITIONS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-622
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The effects of moisture level and a neutralized propionate preservative on yield, quality and preservation of rain-free and weathered alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay were studied in separate trials. Moisture levels of 252, 185 and 138 g kg−1 in rain-free hay and 297, 211 and 180 g kg−1 in weathered hay were designated as High, Medium and Low, respectively. The weathered hay received 66 mm of rain at about 600 g kg−1 moisture and another 15 mm prior to baling at the Low moisture level. The preservative (680 g kg−1 propionic acid equivalent) was applied at 1.25 and 1.50% (wt wt−1) for rain-free and weathered hay, respectively. The High and Medium moisture level treatments had similar harvested dry matter (DM) yields in both rain-free and weathered hay. Rain-free hay DM yield at harvest was 6–9% higher for the High and Medium treatments than the Low moisture level, while for the weathered hay the Medium level was 3.0% higher (P < 0.05) than the Low moisture level. Poststorage forage qualities of the Low and Medium moisture level treatments were similar and higher than the High moisture treatment (P < 0.05) in rain-free hays, while the Medium level treatment was highest (P < 0.05) for forage quality in weathered hay. The Medium moisture level compared with Low moisture level resulted in 10.4, 10.6 and 15.8% higher yields of DM, in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and crude protein, respectively, in rain-free hay and 3.1, 6.3 and 5.7% higher, respectively, in weathered hay. The propionate was inconsistent in preventing DM loss during storage, but reduced temperature and mould count in both hay types. Application of 1.25 and 1.50% (wt wt−1) of propionate improved poststorage IVDOM by 2.0 and 3.6%; increased crude protein yield by 3.0 and 5.7% and IVDOM yield by 3.3 and 5.7%; reduced neutral detergent fiber by 5.4 and 7.6%; reduced acid detergent fiber by 5.4 and 7.1%; and reduced acid detergent insoluble nitrogen by 9 and 18% in rain-free and weathered hay, respectively. It is recommended that large round bales be harvested at moisture levels somewhat above 170 g kg−1 for both rain-free and weathered hay with or without a neutralized propionic acid preservative. Serious losses may occur above 250 g kg−1 moisture with or without the use of a preservative. Key words: Alfalfa, moist hay, neutralized propionate, large round bales, weathering, preservation

scholarly journals 260 Comparison of nutrients and in vitro degradability of ryegrass (Lolium Multiforum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) in central region of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
Mehmet Basalan ◽  
A Volkan Cetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Abstract Study was conducted to determine the adaptability of ryegrass to the ration of ruminants in central region of Turkey. Both ryegrass and alfalfa were planted in Cankiri and Corum cities which are located in similar geographic and climatic conditions. Forage samples were obtained during second, third and fourth harvesting times. in each sample, dry matter (DM), crude fat (EE), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude cellulose (CS), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels were determined based on AOAC methods. Metabolizable Energy levels of both ryegrass and alfalfa were calculated. In vitro disappearance of dry matter was measured by incubation of dacron bags in rumen fluid for 72 hours in Ankom® daisy incubator and extent of disappearance were determined. Generalized linear model was applied to analyze data and means were separated by using LSD. Although dry matter levels were similar (P &gt; 0,05), ash and fat levels were significantly higher in ryegrass than those in alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). Additionally, as it was expected, crude protein content of ryegrass was significantly lower than that of alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). NDF contents of both feeds were similar and ADF levels of alfalfa were slightly higher in only second harvest date. Metabolizable energy levels of ryegrass in all harvested times were statistically higher than those in all harvested dates in alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). DM disappearance of ryegrass was significantly higher than that of alfalfa (P &lt; 0,05). In conclusion, ryegrass may have some advantages in regions with limited forage sources. Additionally it may be alternative or substitute to the traditional small grain forages. Further research needed to show those advantages of ryegrass in nutrients to extrapolate consumption preferences or performance of beef or dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

EFFECTS OF EARLY SUMMER AND FALL CUTTING MANAGEMENT ON DRY MATTER YIELDS, DIGESTIBILITY, CRUDE PROTEIN, AND SURVIVAL OF SARANAC AND NARRAGANSETT ALFALFAS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLEOD ◽  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Management

The effects of early summer and fall cutting managements on two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were studied over a 3-year period. Removal of the first crop of Saranac and Narrangansett alfalfas at prebud stage, followed by two cuts at the early bloom stage before early September, and a late fall harvest on October 25, produced seasonal dry matter (DM) yields of 7.5–8.6 metric T/ha in the 1st year. Stand deterioration, however, was severe and by the 3rd year, practically all alfalfa had disappeared. Average percent crude protein (CP) in cut 1 was 17.7–21.9 and percent in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) 67.4–73.8. Removal of the first cut at bud stage with two subsequent harvests at the early bloom stage also allowed a total of three harvests before early September and resulted in seasonal DM yields of 8.6–8.8 in the 1st year. Although the survival of alfalfa was increased over the managements where cut 1 was at prebud stage, a considerable decrease of alfalfa was still observed in the 3rd year. Under this management, average CP in cut 1 was 15.8–16.3 and IVD 64.1–68.4. Harvesting the first crop at early to midbloom stage and the second crop at early bloom in early to mid-August, followed by third harvest in late October, resulted in good survival with seasonal DM yields of 6.1–10.6. Lower CP and IVD were recorded in cut 1 than in the more intensive managements. Under all managements, average CP in cuts 2 and 3 was 14.9–17.3 and 13.3–19.4, respectively. IVD was 54.5–60.7 in cut 2 and 56.0–64.4 in cut 3.

PREDICTED FORAGE VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CEREALS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Forage Value

Dry matter yield, percent dry weight, in vitro digestible dry matter, in vitro digestible organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash and hemicellulose contents were determined for spring- and fall-sown common wheat, barley, rye and triticale and spring-sown durum wheat and oats for the period from late boot to maturity. Differences among cultivars and stages of maturity were significant for all parameters. These differences were accompanied by stage of maturity interactions. Consideration of the interrelationships among these parameters revealed that level of in vitro digestible dry matter was reflected in measures of acid detergent fiber and ash or percent dry weight. Further analyses indicated that differences in digestibility due to stage of maturity were primarily reflected by changes in ash or percent dry weight, while differences in digestibility among cultivars were mainly attributable to differences in acid detergent fiber.

Seasonal changes in forage nutritive value of common weeds encountered in Missouri pastures

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Gatlin Bunton ◽  
Zach Trower ◽  
Craig Roberts ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractDuring the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, weed and weed-free mixed tall fescue and legume forage samples were harvested from 29 pastures throughout Missouri for investigation of the nutritive value of 20 common pasture weed species throughout the season. At certain times during the growing season, many broadleaf weed species had greater nutritive values for a given quality parameter as compared with the available weed-free, mixed tall fescue and legume forage harvested from the same location. There were no significant differences in crude protein concentration between the weed-free forage and many weeds throughout the growing season. However, crude protein content of common burdock, common cocklebur, common ragweed, dandelion, horsenettle, and lanceleaf ragweed was greater than that of the corresponding forage sample at multiple collection periods. The digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) content of all broadleaf weeds except lanceleaf ragweed was significantly lower than that of the weed-free forage at all collection periods. Conversely, large crabgrass had significantly greater digestible neutral detergent fiber levels than did the mixed tall fescue forage at all sampling dates. Dandelion and spiny amaranth had greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) content than did the forage for the entire growing season. Three perennial weeds—horsenettle, vervains, and late boneset—did not differ in IVTD levels as compared with the mixed tall fescue and legume forage at any collection date. For most summer annual weeds, the trend was toward greater digestibility earlier in the season, with a gradual decline and often lower IVTD by the late summer or early fall. The results of this study will enable producers to make more informed management decisions about the potential benefit or detriment a weed may provide to the overall nutritive value of the pasture system.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts in corn silage re-ensiled with bacterial inoculant

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1052
Author(s):  
Mateus Merlo Coelho ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Kelly Moura Keller ◽  
Gustavo Vinícius de Souza dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of re-ensiling and bacterial inoculation on the quality of corn silage. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial design with or without inoculant (association of Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici), and with re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure or only ensiling of the whole plant of 'BRS 1055' corn. The fermentative quality, nutritional parameters, dry matter losses, aerobic stability, and microbiological counts of silages were evaluated. Re-ensiling caused an increase of pH and in acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations, as well as in the dry matter (DM), crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber crude protein contents. Conversely, there was a reduction in the nonfiber carbohydrates concentration and in in vitro dry matter digestibility for the re-ensiled material. All changes were explained by the higher-effluent production and DM loss of re-ensiled material that was subjected to two compactions. Microbiology was not altered by the treatments. The use of inoculant altered ash content, but it did not influence other parameters. In contrast, re-ensiling after 36 hours of aerobic exposure caused a reduction in the nutritive value of corn silage and accentuated the DM losses.

Assessment of yield and quality characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars with different fall dormancy rating

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Avci ◽  
Rüºtü Hatipoglu ◽  
Selahattin Çinar ◽  
Numan Kiliçalp
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fall Dormancy ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

This research was conducted to determine performances of seven alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancy rates in terms of dry matter yield and some quality parameters under Mediterranean conditions throughout the years of 2007-2009. In the study, cultivars were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), leaf/stem ratio (LSR), crude protein (CP) content, crude protein yield (CPY), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM) content and relative feed value (RFV). According to average of two year results, there were significant differences among alfalfa cultivars in terms of all characters studied. Mean DMY, LSR, contents of CP, ADF, NDF, DDM and RFV were determined as 18.147 t ha-1, 0.82, 17.4 %, 41.0 %, 49.0 %, 56.9 % and 114. The highest DMY averaged over two years was obtained from cultivar Nimet while lowest one was obtained from Magnum 5. As a dormant cultivar, Magnum 5 was superior in terms of LSR and CP content to the other alfalfa cultivars and it was lower in ADF and NDF content than the others. It was concluded that cultivar Nimet with the highest DMY and CPY yields can be recommended as a non-dormant cultivar for farmers in regions of Turkey with the Mediterranean climate.

GENETIC VARIATION FOR FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA STEMS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. BUXTON ◽  
G. C. MARTEN ◽  
J. S. HORNSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

When normally harvested for hay, the basal portion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems is low in forage quality. This study was conducted to determine whether genetic variation for in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and crude protein (CP) concentration of stems of perennial Medicago spp. could be identified and whether morphological and chemical traits were associated with variation in these characteristics of stems. The lower six nodes and internodes of stems and total herbage from 64 Plant Introduction (PI) accessions and five cultivars of field-grown plants were harvested twice when most plants were at the early seed-pod stage of maturity. Several morphological and growth traits were measured, and both stems and total herbage were evaluated for IVDDM and CP concentration. Covariant analysis was used to adjust in IVDDM and CP concentration of stems for differences in plant maturity. Significant variation for IVDDM and CP concentration in stems existed among the cultivars and among the accessions. Some accessions had significantly higher stem IVDDM or CP concentration than control cultivars. The M. sativa accession, PI 440496, had the fourth highest stem IVDDM and third highest stem CP, with concentrations of 374 and 79 g kg−1, respectively. The number of ridges on stems (stem shape) was significantly correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration with average correlation coefficients of 0.30 and 0.35, respectively. Cell-wall concentration and lignin concentration per unit cell wall of stems were both negatively correlated with stem IVDDM and CP concentration. Selection for improved nutritive value of stems may have potential for improving the nutritive value of alfalfa herbage.Key words: Alfalfa, forage quality, crude protein, in vitro digestibility, Medicago sativa L.

scholarly journals Effect of extruding on ruminal disappearance and lower gastrointestinal tract digestion of white lupin seeds

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Kibelolaud ◽  
M. Vernay ◽  
C. Bayourthe ◽  
R. Moncoulon
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Lupin Seeds

The effect of extruding white lupin (Lupinus albus 'Lublanc') seeds (WLS) at 110, 130, 150 or 180 °C on the in vitro solubility of crude protein (CP) and in sacco rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of rumen escape CP and fiber was determined. Rumen degradation was estimated by incubating nylon bags in the rumen of cows for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Extruding WLS at 110, 130, 150 and 180 °C reduced the CP-solubility by 32.8, 47.7, 58.4 and 67.5%, respectively. The effective ruminal degradabilities of CP, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were evaluated assuming a ruminal outflow rate of 0.06 h−1. Heating WLS at 110, 130, 150 and 180 °C decreased the ruminal degradability of CP value: 89.8, 79.9, 65.1, 61.8 vs. 93.4% (raw), respectively; the corresponding values for ADF and NDF were: 38.4, 35.3, 34.2, 27.6 vs. 43.6% (raw) and 37.7, 33.1, 32.2, 26.5 vs. 39.4% (raw). Postruminal digestion was estimated using a sequence of ruminal in situ incubation for 4, 8 and 16 h, in vitro incubation in an acid-pepsin bath for 3 h and a mobile nylon bag technique distal to the abomasum. Extrusion of WLS decreased the degradability of CP, ADF and NDF in the rumen with a corresponding increase in the amounts digested in the postruminal sections; the whole-tract digestibility was generally unchanged. Therefore, the processing shifted the digestion of these components from rumen to the lower gastrointestinal tract. Key words: White lupin seed, in vitro solubility, rumen degradability, postruminal digestion, crude protein, detergent fiber

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seven Oat (Avena sativa) Genotypes for Biomass Yield and Quality Parameters under Different Locations of Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Recognizing the potential and importance of cultivating improved forage crops as a means of tackling the recurrent feed shortage facing the study area, seven oat genotypes were tested in randomized complete block design with three replications across two locations for three growing seasons (2014, 2015, and 2016). The study was aimed to evaluate dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter yield and nutrient composition of oat genotypes. The study revealed that oat genotypes responded differently for herbage dry matter (DM) and digestible organic matter (OM) yield, and quality parameters in both study locations. Averaged over the seven oat genotypes, herbage DM and digestible OM yield. recorded at Bako were higher than Boneya Boshe location across the study periods. The ash ( P  > 0.05) content did not vary among oat genotypes at both testing locations, while variation was observed for DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), in vitro digestibility, and metabolizable energy (ME) constituents. In general, genotypes ILRI 6710 and 5453 showed higher herbage DM and digestible OM yield. Moreover, the two genotypes are also higher in their in vitro digestibility value and ME, DM, and CP contents but relatively lower in NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber constituents, and thus, they are recommended for wider cultivation.

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