scholarly journals Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β-endorphin responses in ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mears ◽  
F. A. Brown ◽  
L. R. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Previous Exposure ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Key Words Cortisol

The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of handling and shearing on plasma cortisol and β-endorphin levels of ewes and to determine if adaptation to annual shearing occurred. Plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations were determined during either handling only or handling plus shearing in 12 ewes previously exposed to annual shearing (1–4 times) and in 12 naïve ewes. The handling process consisted of four steps: 1) moving ewes from their quarters into the shearing room; 2) moving them in groups of four into a holding pen; 3) moving them in pairs to a shearing platform where they were up-ended and restrained as in shearing; and 4) moving them into another holding pen in the shearing room. Half of the ewes were sheared during step 3 of the handling process. Handling and shearing elevated (P < 0.0001) plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations, but the responses to the handling process and to the handling plus shearing process were similar (P > 0.1). Moving the ewes from their quarters to the shearing platform resulted in significantly higher plasma cortisol, which remained elevated for 60 min. Plasma β-endorphin was only transiently elevated after shearing was completed. Previous exposure to shearing enhanced the cortisol (P < 0.001) and β-endorphin (P < 0.05) responses to handling and shearing. Both responses were significantly greater and longer in the ewes sheared previously. The results indicate that the stress response to handling was equivalent to that of handling plus shearing, and that the stress response was much greater in ewes previously exposed to annual shearing. Key words: Cortisol, β-endorphin, negative adaptation, shearing, stress, ewes

Stress response of cougars to nonlethal pursuit by hunters

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Harlow ◽  
Frederick G. Lindzey ◽  
Walter D. Van Sickle ◽  
William A. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Test ◽  
Felis Concolor ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Five cougars (Felis concolor) were captured and an adrenal response test was administered by injecting synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone and monitoring plasma cortisol levels at 15-min intervals for 120 min. Three were selected for treatment and chased 5 or 6 more times to simulate the stress they might experience during a pursuit-only season; the other two served as controls and were chased only once more, at recapture. The adrenal response test was administered again at recapture. The cougars in the treatment group had a lowered plasma cortisol profile after the simulated pursuit season, indicating an altered physiological response of the adrenals to the stress of repeated chases.

scholarly journals Effects of clove oil on the stress response of matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) subjected to transport

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Antônio Kioshi Aoki Inoue ◽  
Luís Orlando B. Afonso ◽  
George K. Iwama ◽  
Gilberto Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Fish transport is one of the most stressful procedures in aquaculture facilities. The present work evaluated the stress response of matrinxã to transportation procedures, and the use of clove oil as an alternative to reduce the stress response to transport in matrinxã (Brycon cephalus). Clove oil solutions were tested in concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L during matrinxã transportation in plastic bags, supplied with water and oxygen as the usual field procedures in Brazil. Clove oil reduced some of the physiological stress responses (plasma cortisol, glucose and ions) that we measured. The high energetic cost to matrinxã cope with the transport stress was clear by the decrease of liver glycogen after transport. Our results suggest that clove oil (5 mg/l) can mitigate the stress response in matrinxã subjected to transport.

scholarly journals Tail Docking of Piglets 2: Effects of Meloxicam on the Stress Response to Tail Docking

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699
Author(s):  
Rebecca Morrison ◽  
Paul Hemsworth
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Acute Stress Response

This experiment assessed the efficacy of the cauterisation procedure with or without pain relief (injectable meloxicam) in mitigating the acute stress response to tail docking. Male piglets (n = 432) were allocated to the following treatments at 2-d post-farrowing: (1) no handling, (2) sham handling, (3) tail docked using clippers, (4) tail docked using a cauteriser, (5) meloxicam + clipper, and (6) meloxicam + cauteriser. Meloxicam treatments used Metacam® at 5 mg/mL injected i.m. 1 h prior to tail docking. Blood samples were collected at 15 and 30 min post-treatment and analysed for total plasma cortisol. Behaviours indicative of pain such as escape attempts, vocalisations and standing with head lowered were measured. The duration of vocalisations and frequency of escape attempts during treatment were greater in all tail docking treatments compared to the sham treatment. Piglets in the clipper treatment had higher (p < 0.05) cortisol concentrations at 30 min but not 15 min after treatment and stood for longer (p < 0.001) with head lowered in the first 60 min after treatment than those in the cauterisation treatment. Meloxicam reduced (p < 0.05) both the cortisol response at 30 min after tail docking with the clipper as well as the behavioural response in the first 60 min after tail docking with the clipper. In comparison to the sham treatment, cortisol concentrations at 15 min were higher in the two tail docking treatments whereas the tail docking treatments with meloxicam were similar to the sham handling treatment. In comparison to the sham handling treatment, cortisol concentrations at 30 min post-docking were higher (p < 0.05) only in the clipper treatment. While cauterisation appears to be less aversive than the clipper procedure, the administration of meloxicam did not mitigate the behavioural response during tail docking using either procedure, but reduced standing with head lowered in the first hour after docking for both methods. The commercial viability of administration of meloxicam requires consideration before it is recommended for use compared to cauterisation alone, as it requires additional handling of piglets and costs.

Corticosteroid Concentrations in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Exposed to Low Concentrations of Copper

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Cupric Sulphate ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Yearling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were exposed for 1–24 h to 10−7, 10−6, or 10−5 molar cupric sulphate in freshwater aquaria. Plasma cortisol, cortisone, and "total" corticosteroid concentrations were measured by a competitive protein binding technique.Cortisol, cortisone and "total" corticosteroid levels were significantly higher than control concentrations after 1 h of exposure to 10−5 or 10−6 M copper. "Total" corticosteroid and cortisone concentrations were significantly higher than control concentrations after 2 and 4 h of exposure to 10−7 M copper, respectively. Fish exposed to 10−5 M copper died between 8 and 24 h.The data reflect a rapid corticosteroid stress response to lethal and sublethal concentrations of copper. The technique may be of use for rapid evaluation of effluents containing heavy metals, especially those containing a mixture of toxicants.

scholarly journals Plasma cortisol as a measure of stress response in acute stroke.

Stroke ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
G P Mulley ◽  
R G Wilcox ◽  
M J Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Plasma Cortisol

EFFECT OF STAGE OF LACTATION AND OF DAILY INJECTIONS OF GRF AND TRF ON SERUM CORTISOL IN LACTATING SOWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBERT ◽  
A.-M. B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
N. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
P. DUBREUIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Key Words Cortisol

Two experiments were conducted with 51 primiparous sows to determine the effects of stage of lactation and treatment with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) on serum cortisol concentrations and pulse profiles. Animals were injected with either saline, GRF (20 μg kg−1 in both experiments), TRF (1 μg kg−1 and 9 μg kg−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively) or GRF-TRF (administered in combination at the levels mentioned above). Peptides were given subcutaneously twice daily between days 5 and 25 postpartum. In exp. 1, mean cortisol levels were higher on day 5 than on subsequent sampling days due to higher peak amplitudes. This result is discussed with respect to stress. Mean serum cortisol concentrations did not vary significantly between days 5, 15 and 25 of lactation in exp. 2. No evidence of a morning peak and late afternoon low was observed in cortisol secretion of sows during lactation. Finally, none of the hypothalamic factor treatments altered the basal serum concentrations or the peak amplitudes of cortisol. However, in exp. 2, the frequency of cortisol peaks was lower for the GRF- and TRF-treated sows than for the control and GRF-TRF sows. Key words: Cortisol, GRF, TRF, lactation, sows

scholarly journals Stress-response during the Nuss procedure under the combination of general anesthesia with different regional blocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
I.I. Myhal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Pectus Excavatum ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Nuss Procedure ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Average Serum

The perioperative stress-response is a dynamic process under the influence of patient-specific, surgical and anaesthesiologic factors. Purpose – to evaluate stress response during the correction of pectus excavatum by Nuss under the combination of general anesthesia with different variants of the regional block. Materials and methods. The observative prospective study included 60 adolescents (boys/girls=47/13) undergone Nuss procedure under the combination of general anesthesia and regional blocks. The patients were randomized into three groups (n=20 in each) according to the perioperative regional analgesia technique: standard epidural anesthesia (SEA) in Th5–Th8, high epidural anesthesia (HEA) in Th2–Th3, and bilateral paravertebral anesthesia (PVA) in Th5–Th8. The serum cortisol and glycemia were analyzed at three stages: 1 – baseline before surgery, 2 – during bar rotation, and 3 – after surgery finished. Results. The average serum cortisol level among all patients before surgery was 342.4 [282.1–415.0] nmol/L. At stage 2 the plasma cortisol decreased up to 223.1 [174.9–282.3] nmol/L (p<0.000001). After the surgery and anesthesia finished the average plasma cortisol was 279.6 [216.7–312.6] nmol/L (p<0.000001 vs baseline). During surgery serum cortisol decreased in group SEA by 41%, in group HEA – by 30%, and in group PVA – by 31% compared with baseline levels. After surgery, the serum cortisol was lower than baseline measurements in group SEA by 28%, in group HEA – by 20%, and in group PVA – by 26%. The average baseline glycemia among all patients before surgery was 4.62 [4.01–5.05] mmol/L. At stage 2 glycemia decreased significantly up to 4.05 [3.86–4.62] mmol/L (p=0.00018). After the surgery finished the average serum glucose among all patients was 4.24 [4.09–4.99] mmol/L (p=0.7). At stage 2 serum glucose decreased in group SEA by 11%, in groups HEA and PVA – by 5% compared with the baseline level. The dynamics of serum cortisol and glycemia were similar in all groups with statistically insignificant intergroup differences at all three stages. Conclusions. Serum cortisol and glycemia during the Nuss procedure under the combination of general anesthesia with regional blocks decreased significantly. After surgery finished glycemia returned to baseline level, but serum cortisol was lower than baseline measurement. The changes in serum cortisol and glycemia were more pronounced in patients under standard epidural analgesia in Th5–Th8 compared with the high epidural in Th2–Th3 and paravertebral blocks. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution. Informed consent of parents and children was obtained for the study. The author declares no conflict of interest. Key words: cortisol, glycaemia, pectus excavatum, Nuss procedure, regional anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Plasma cortisol as a measure of stress response in acute stroke.

Stroke ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1376-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Plasma Cortisol
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