Impact of the halothane gene on muscle quality and pre-slaughter deaths in Western Canadian pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Murray ◽  
C. P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Homozygous Carrier ◽  
Commercial Population ◽  
Normal Colour ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Structure Score

The genotype with respect to the point mutation at position 1843 of the ryr-1 gene (halothane gene) and longissimus muscle quality of 1006 pigs in two Western Canadian packing plants was assessed to determine the frequency of this mutation within the commercial population and the relationship of genotype to the frequency of PSE (pale, soft, exudative) pork. The frequencies of nn (homozygous carrier), Nn (heterozygous carrier) and NN (homozygous normal) pigs within the commercial population were 0.3, 9.4 and 90.3%, respectively. Based on the subjective pork quality standards of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the frequencies of paler-than-normal (colour score < 3) and darker-than-normal pork (colour score > 3) were 21.7 and 11.2%, respectively. The frequencies of soft, exudative pork (structure score < 3) and firm dry pork (structure score > 3) were 14.8 and 7.6%, respectively. The frequency of pale loin colour was 80 and 20% higher for Nn than for NN pigs in the two packing plants, whereas the frequency of dark pork was unaffected by genotype. Nn pigs exhibited a twofold higher incidence of soft, exudative pork than did NN pigs, but because of their very low frequency in the commercial kill, had a very small impact on the overall incidence of soft, exudative pork. Removing this mutation from the pig population would have very little impact on the frequency of pale or soft, exudative pork within the two packing plants involved in this study. Determination of the halothane genotype of 401 pigs, arriving dead or dying at the packing plants, indicated that pigs of the nn, Nn and NN genotypes were responsible for 27.7, 25.2 and 47.1% of deaths. The frequency of deaths within the nn, Nn and NN genotypes was estimated to be 9.2, 0.27 and 0.05%, respectively. Approximately 90% of the PSE condition in Western Canada is caused by factors other than the halothane gene, but this gene has a major negative influence on the frequency of pre-slaughter deaths. Key words: Halothane gene, PSS, malignant hyperthermia, pork quality, swine deaths

scholarly journals Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Profitabilitas terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ayu Indira Yuni ◽  
Putu Ery Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Relationship Of

This study aims to determine the effect of corporate governance and profitability on tax avoidance with company size as a moderator. The number of samples analyzed were 55 samples of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2017. Determination of samples using purposive sampling technique. Analysis of research data using multiple linear regression and moderation regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that institutional ownership and independent commissioners have a negative influence on tax avoidance. Profitability has a positive effect on tax avoidance. The size of the company strengthens the relationship of institutional ownership with tax avoidance. Company size is not able to moderate independent commissioners with tax avoidance. Company size weakens profitability relations with tax avoidance. Keywords : Tax avoidance; corporate governance; profitability; and company size.

scholarly journals PORK QUALITY IN RELATION TO CARCASS FATNESS AND MUSCLING

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Color Structure ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Structure Score

Carcasses from 146 barrows, 192 gilts and 120 boars were evaluated to determine interrelationships among measures of carcass muscling, fatness and pork quality. On the basis of subjective color-structure scores 11 and 3% of the population were classified Pale Soft Exudative and Dark Firm Dry, respectively, with no difference evident in frequencies among sexes. Increasing values for color-structure score were accompanied by significant (P < 0.05) increases in pH, color brightness and marbling score, and decreases in percent transmission and shear value. There were no differences among classes in area or intramuscular fat of the longissimus dorsi. Carcasses were categorized into fat and muscling classes. There was no relationship of initial pH (40 min postmortem) with either fatness or muscle/bone ratio indicated, although ultimate pH was significantly higher for the high backfat and low muscle/bone classes. Tenderness (shear values) and precipitation of muscle proteins (% transmission) increased, and marbling score decreased, with increased muscle/bone and decreased backfat. Color brightness and percent intramuscular fat were not influenced by fat or muscling category. Averages for subjective color-structure scores did not show a consistent pattern in relation to total backfat, but they tended to decrease slightly as muscle/bone increased. Various correlations were computed among carcass and muscle properties and it was concluded that measures of carcass fatness and carcass muscling were relatively independent. Correlations among measures of carcass composition and pork quality were low.

STEM and ELS Observation of Early Oxide Formation on the Surface of Cr Thin Films

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
Fumio Watari ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxide Formation ◽  
Initial Nucleation ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Multiple Twinning ◽  
Moderately High Temperature

STEM coupled with the optical system was used for the investigation of the early oxidation on the surface of Cr. Cr thin films (30 – 1000Å) were prepared by evaporation onto the polished or air-cleaved NaCl substrates at room temperature and 45°C in a vacuum of 10−6 Torr with an evaporation speed 0.3Å/sec. Rather thick specimens (200 – 1000Å) with various preferred orientations were used for the investigation of the oxidation at moderately high temperature (600 − 1100°C). Selected area diffraction patterns in these specimens are usually very much complicated by the existence of the different kinds of oxides and their multiple twinning. The determination of the epitaxial orientation relationship of the oxides formed on the Cr surface was made possible by intensive use of the optical system and microdiffraction techniques. Prior to the formation of the known rhombohedral Cr2O3, a thin spinel oxide, probably analogous to γ -Al203 or γ -Fe203, was formed. Fig. 1a shows the distinct epitaxial growth of the spinel (001) as well as the rhombohedral (125) on the well-oriented Cr(001) surface. In the case of the Cr specimen with the (001) preferred orientation (Fig. 1b), the rings explainable by spinel structure appeared as well as the well defined epitaxial spots of the spinel (001). The microdif fraction from 20A areas (Fig. 2a) clearly shows the same pattern as Fig. Ia with the weaker oxide spots among the more intense Cr spots, indicating that the thickness of the oxide is much less than that of Cr. The rhombohedral Cr2O3 was nucleated preferably at the Cr(011) sites provided by the polycrystalline nature of the present specimens with the relation Cr2O3 (001)//Cr(011), and by further oxidation it grew into full coverage of the rest of the Cr surface with the orientation determined by the initial nucleation.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

scholarly journals The Role of Snack Choices, Body Weight Stereotypes and Smoking Behavior in Assessing Risk Factors for Adolescent Overweight and Obesity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Elena Raptou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Adolescent Overweight ◽  
Relationship Of

This study investigated the relationship of behavioral factors, such as snack choices, obesity stereotypes and smoking with adolescents’ body weight. Individual-level data for 1254 Greek youths were selected via a formal questionnaire. Snack choices seem to be gender specific with girls showing a stronger preference for healthier snacks. Frequent consumption of high-calorie and more filling snacks was found to increase Body Mass Index (BMI) in both genders. Fruit/vegetable snacks were associated with lower body weight in females, whereas cereal/nut snacks had a negative influence in males’ BMI. The majority of participants expressed anti-fat attitudes and more boys than girls assigned positive attributes to lean peers. The endorsement of the thin-ideal was positively associated with the BMI of both adolescent boys and girls. This study also revealed that neglecting potential endogeneity issues can lead to biased estimates of smoking. Gender may be a crucial moderator of smoking–BMI relationships. Male smokers presented a higher obesity risk, whereas female smokers were more likely to be underweight. Nutrition professionals should pay attention to increase the acceptance of healthy snack options. Gender differences in the influence of weight stereotypes and smoking on BMI should be considered in order to enhance the efficacy of obesity prevention interventions.

scholarly journals Multimessenger Probes for New Physics in Light of A. Sakharov’s Legacy in Cosmoparticle Physics

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Maxim Khlopov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Selection Of

A.D. Sakharov’s legacy in now standard model of the Universe is not reduced to baryosynthesis but extends to the foundation of cosmoparticle physics, which studies the fundamental relationship of cosmology and particle physics. Development of cosmoparticle physics involves cross-disciplinary physical, astrophysical and cosmological studies of physics Beyond the Standard model (BSM) of elementary particles. To probe physical models for inflation, baryosynthesis and dark matter cosmoparticle physics pays special attention to model dependent messengers of the corresponding models, making their tests possible. Positive evidence for such exotic phenomena as nuclear interacting dark atoms, primordial black holes or antimatter globular cluster in our galaxy would provide the selection of viable BSM models determination of their parameters.

Magnetic Permeability and Relaxation Frequency in High Frequency Magnetic Materials.

2001 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Rosales ◽  
H. Montiel ◽  
R. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Dispersion ◽  
Anisotropy Constant ◽  
Relaxation Frequency ◽  
Resonance Relaxation ◽  
Frequency Behavior

ABSTRACTAn investigation of the frequency behavior of polycrystalline ferrites is presented. It is shown that the low frequency dispersion (f < 10 MHz) of permeability is associated with the bulging of pinned domain walls, and has a mixed resonance-relaxation character, closer to the latter. It is also shown that there is a linear relationship between the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, K1, and the relaxation frequency. The slope of this correlation depends on the grain size. Such a relationship could allow the determination of this basic parameter from polycrystalline samples.

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