Effects of isoenergetic barley grain and alfalfa pellet diets on in vitro lipogenesis and lipogenic enzyme activities in subcutaneous adipose tissue from sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Okine ◽  
P. F. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The effects of feeding isoenergetic barley grain or alfalfa pellets on in vitro lipogenesis, palmitate esterification, and lipogenic enzymes activities in biopsy samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue in 10 ewes were studied. Acetyl CoA carboxylase and FAS activities and rate of esterification were 52, 38, and 88%, respectively, higher (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous adipose of ewes fed the concentrate versus those fed the roughage diet. Key words: Isoenergetic, adipose tissue, acetyl CoA carboxylase

Influence of somatotropin on lipid metabolism and IGF gene expression in porcine adipose tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. E637-E645 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Wolverton ◽  
M. J. Azain ◽  
J. Y. Duffy ◽  
M. E. White ◽  
T. G. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Acid Esterification

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) treatment (2 mg/day) and dietary fat (10%) separately and in combination on the metabolic activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue, serum adipogenic activity, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression within adipose tissue from growing 5- to 6-mo-old barrows. This study attempted to determine how these factors might contribute to the reported changes in adiposity of treated swine. Biopsies of adipose tissue were collected after 28 days of treatment following anesthesia with thiopental sodium (15 mg/kg iv). Somatotropin inhibited in vitro glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in adipose tissue but did not affect fatty acid esterification. Adipogenic activity of serum was not altered by pST treatment. Subcutaneous adipose tissue contained mRNA for IGF-I and -II, and pST administration increased the abundance of IGF-I mRNA. Dietary fat had no effect on these variables. Thus somatotropin reduces glucose metabolism in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue. Preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation are not affected by somatotropin through its actions on systemic factors. Dietary fat provides no additional benefit in combination with pST administration to affect accretion of adipose tissue in growing swine.

Acetyl-CoA Regulation, OXPHOS Integrity and Leptin Levels Are Different in Females With Childhood vs Adulthood Onset of Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn T Tam ◽  
Jessica Murphy ◽  
Natalie Khor ◽  
Jose A Morais ◽  
Sylvia Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Abstract Although childhood-onset obesity (CO) and adulthood-onset obesity (AO) are known to lead to distinctive clinical manifestations and disease risks, the fundamental differences between them are largely unclear. The aim of the current study is to investigate the fundamental differences between subcutaneous adipose tissue from CO and AO and to identify metabolic differences between abdominal (abSAT) and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissues (feSAT). Total and regional body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography. Levels of acetyl-CoA, NAD+/NADH, acetyl-CoA network genes, mitochondrial complex abundance, H3 acetylation were determined in biopsied abSAT and feSAT. Serum leptin and adiponectin were measured. Our results showed that acetyl-CoA was higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue from subjects with AO compared with CO. Multiple linear regression revealed that ATP citrate lyase was the only main effect affecting the level of acetyl-CoA. Circulating leptin concentrations was higher in AO. The increased level of acetyl-CoA was strongly associated with histone H3 acetylation, LEP expression in adipose tissue, and circulating leptin in AO. NAD+/NADH was higher in CO; however, abundance of mitochondrial complexes, the complex II:complex V ratio, and the complex IV:complex V ratio were lower in CO, reflecting compromised mitochondrial function in subcutaneous adipose tissue from CO. Moreover, we identified differences in the level of acetyl-CoA and NAD+/NADH ratio between abSAT and feSAT, suggesting that these fat depots may possess different metabolic properties. The fundamental difference in the important metabolic intermediate acetyl-CoA between CO and AO may help us better understand the development of obesity and the pathogenesis of different obesity-related diseases in humans.

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