Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase protein expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is reduced in pigs selected for decreased backfat thickness at constant intramuscular fat content1

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 3905-3914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cánovas ◽  
J. Estany ◽  
M. Tor ◽  
R. N. Pena ◽  
O. Doran
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Effects of isoenergetic barley grain and alfalfa pellet diets on in vitro lipogenesis and lipogenic enzyme activities in subcutaneous adipose tissue from sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Okine ◽  
P. F. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Lipogenic Enzyme ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The effects of feeding isoenergetic barley grain or alfalfa pellets on in vitro lipogenesis, palmitate esterification, and lipogenic enzymes activities in biopsy samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue in 10 ewes were studied. Acetyl CoA carboxylase and FAS activities and rate of esterification were 52, 38, and 88%, respectively, higher (P < 0.05) in subcutaneous adipose of ewes fed the concentrate versus those fed the roughage diet. Key words: Isoenergetic, adipose tissue, acetyl CoA carboxylase

scholarly journals A reduced protein diet induces stearoyl-CoA desaturase protein expression in pig muscle but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue: relationship with intramuscular lipid formation

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Doran ◽  
S. K. Moule ◽  
G. A. Teye ◽  
F. M. Whittington ◽  
K. G. Hallett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Intramuscular Lipid ◽  
Stearoyl Coa Desaturase ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

A reduced protein diet (RPD) is known to increase the level of intramuscular lipid in pig meat with a smaller effect on the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. This might be due to tissue-specific activation of the expression of lipogenic enzymes by the RPD. The present study investigated the effect of a RPD, containing palm kernel oil, soyabean oil or palm oil on the activity and expression of one of the major lipogenic enzymes, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and on the level of total lipids and the fatty acid composition of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in pigs. The RPD significantly increased SCD protein expression and activity in muscle but not in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The level of MUFA and total fatty acids in muscle was also elevated when the RPD was fed, with only small changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. A positive significant correlation between SCD protein expression and total fatty acids in muscle was found. The results suggest that an increase in intramuscular but not subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acids under the influence of a RPD is related to tissue-specific activation of SCD expression. It is suggested that the SCD isoform spectra in pig subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscle might be different.

Acetyl-CoA Regulation, OXPHOS Integrity and Leptin Levels Are Different in Females With Childhood vs Adulthood Onset of Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn T Tam ◽  
Jessica Murphy ◽  
Natalie Khor ◽  
Jose A Morais ◽  
Sylvia Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
H3 Acetylation

Abstract Although childhood-onset obesity (CO) and adulthood-onset obesity (AO) are known to lead to distinctive clinical manifestations and disease risks, the fundamental differences between them are largely unclear. The aim of the current study is to investigate the fundamental differences between subcutaneous adipose tissue from CO and AO and to identify metabolic differences between abdominal (abSAT) and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissues (feSAT). Total and regional body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography. Levels of acetyl-CoA, NAD+/NADH, acetyl-CoA network genes, mitochondrial complex abundance, H3 acetylation were determined in biopsied abSAT and feSAT. Serum leptin and adiponectin were measured. Our results showed that acetyl-CoA was higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue from subjects with AO compared with CO. Multiple linear regression revealed that ATP citrate lyase was the only main effect affecting the level of acetyl-CoA. Circulating leptin concentrations was higher in AO. The increased level of acetyl-CoA was strongly associated with histone H3 acetylation, LEP expression in adipose tissue, and circulating leptin in AO. NAD+/NADH was higher in CO; however, abundance of mitochondrial complexes, the complex II:complex V ratio, and the complex IV:complex V ratio were lower in CO, reflecting compromised mitochondrial function in subcutaneous adipose tissue from CO. Moreover, we identified differences in the level of acetyl-CoA and NAD+/NADH ratio between abSAT and feSAT, suggesting that these fat depots may possess different metabolic properties. The fundamental difference in the important metabolic intermediate acetyl-CoA between CO and AO may help us better understand the development of obesity and the pathogenesis of different obesity-related diseases in humans.

scholarly journals Insulin-glucocorticoid interactions in the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha transcript diversity in ovine adipose tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Travers ◽  
MC Barber
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Exon Splicing ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Transcript Diversity ◽  
Alpha Gene ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Transcription of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)-alpha gene is initiated from two promoters, promoter I (PI) and promoter II (PII) such that transcripts demonstrate heterogeneity in their 5' untranslated regions (UTR). Exons 1 and 2 (E1 and E2) are the primary exons in transcripts initiated from PI and PII respectively; E5 is the first coding exon present in all transcripts. In addition alternative exon splicing results in transcripts that either include or exclude a 47 nucleotide sequence corresponding to E4, such that E[1/4/5] and E[1/5] type transcripts result from PI activity, whereas transcripts containing E[2/4/5] or E[2/5] in the 5'UTR result from PII. In subcutaneous adipose tissue from non-pregnant non-lactating sheep approximately 60% of ACC-alpha transcripts are derived from PI, of which 85% are the E[1/5] type. Lactation resulted in an 88% reduction in total PI transcripts, of which the E[1/5] type was reduced 90% and the E[1/4/5] type 80%. By contrast lactation reduced the total levels of PII transcripts by only 50%. Culture of explants from the subcutaneous depot of lactating sheep with insulin plus dexamethasone for 72 h resulted in an 8-fold increase in both E[1/4/5] and E[1/5] types when compared with explants prior to culture. PII transcripts, by contrast, were increased 2-fold by culture in insulin plus dexamethasone and this was entirely attributed to an increase in the expression of the E[2/4/5] type. Dexamethasone acts to potentiate the action of insulin on PI and PII transcript abundance and this effect is greatest for PI transcripts. This study has demonstrated that repression of the ACC-alpha gene in adipose tissue during lactation is largely achieved through attenuation of PI transcript abundance and may be related, in part, to a change in the sensitivity of the apparatus that regulates PI transcript steady-state levels to insulin.

Adipocyte triglyceride lipase expression in human obesity

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. E958-E964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Steinberg ◽  
Bruce E. Kemp ◽  
Matthew J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipolytic Enzymes ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

We have investigated the gene and protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and triglyceride (TG) lipase activity from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of lean and obese subjects. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 16 age-matched lean and obese subjects during abdominal surgery. Tissues were analyzed for mRNA expression of lipolytic enzymes by real-time quantitative PCR. ATGL protein content was assessed by Western blot and TG lipase activity by radiometric assessment. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects had elevated mRNA expression of PNPLA2 (ATGL) and other lipases including PNPLA3, PNPLA4, CES1, and LYPLAL1 ( P < 0.05). Surprisingly, ATGL protein expression and TG lipase activity were reduced in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese subjects. Immunoprecipitation of ATGL reduced total TG lipase activity in adipose lysates by 70% in obese and 83% in lean subjects. No significant differences in the ATGL activator CGI-58 mRNA levels ( ABHD5) were associated with obesity. These data demonstrate that ATGL is important for efficient TG lipase activity in humans. They also demonstrate reduced ATGL protein expression and TG lipase activity despite increased mRNA expression of ATGL and other novel lipolytic enzymes in obesity. The lack of correlation between ATGL protein content and in vitro TG lipase activity indicates that small decrements in ATGL protein expression are not responsible for the reduction in TG lipase activity observed here in obesity, and that posttranslational modifications may be important.

scholarly journals Exercise training-induced effects on the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue phenotype in humans with obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1585-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudi Stinkens ◽  
Bram Brouwers ◽  
Johan W. Jocken ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak ◽  
Karianna F. Teunissen-Beekman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training Program ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Rodent studies have indicated that physical exercise may improve adipose tissue function. We investigated the effects of a 12-wk supervised, progressive exercise training program on adipocyte morphology and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue function in metabolically well-phenotyped subjects with obesity. Men with obesity ( n = 21) participated in a 12-wk supervised, progressive, combined exercise training program consisting of aerobic exercise (30 min at 70% of maximal power output 2 times/wk) and resistance exercise (3 × 10 repetitions at 60% of 1 repeated maximum 1 time/wk), with adjustment of exercise intensity every 4 wk. At baseline and after intervention, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected to determine 1) adipocyte morphology, 2) gene expression of markers for lipolysis, inflammation, browning, adipokines, and mitochondrial biogenesis/function, 3) protein expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, and 4) ex vivo basal and β2-adrenergic stimulated lipolysis. The exercise training program, which increased maximal aerobic capacity ( P < 0.001) and muscle strength ( P < 0.001), slightly reduced adipose tissue mass (~0.7 kg, P = 0.021) but did not affect abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size ( P = 0.744), adipose tissue gene expression of markers for mitochondrial biogenesis and function, browning, lipolysis, inflammation and adipokines, total OXPHOS protein content ( P = 0.789), or β2-adrenergic sensitivity of lipolysis ( P = 0.555). A 12-wk supervised, progressive exercise training program did not alter abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte morphology and adipose tissue gene/protein expression of markers related to adipose tissue function or β2-adrenergic sensitivity of lipolysis in male subjects with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Studies that investigated the effects of exercise training on adipose tissue function in well-phenotyped humans are scarce. We demonstrate that 12 wk of supervised exercise training improved physical fitness and peripheral insulin sensitivity but did not alter abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte morphology, adipose tissue gene and protein expression of markers related to adipose tissue function, or β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated lipolysis in men with obesity. A prolonged and/or more intense training program may be required to improve human adipose tissue function.

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