Field peas: Chemical composition and energy and amino acid availabilities for poultry

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Igbasan ◽  
W. Guenter ◽  
B. A. Slominski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

Twelve pea cultivars (yellow-, green- and brown-seeded) were evaluated for chemical composition and digestibility in poultry. The evaluation involved analyses for protein, amino acids (AAs), fat, starch, dietary fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and tannins. True metabolizable energy [nitrogen corrected (TMEn) and uncorrected (TME)] and true AA bioavailability values were also determined with adult cockerels. The cultivars showed a wide range of protein (207.5–264.0 g kg−1) and starch (385.3–436.8 g kg−1) contents which were not related to the seed coat colours. The concentrations of several AAs varied among the cultivars. With the exception of arginine, the concentrations of all other essential AAs on a protein basis decreased as protein levels increased. Out of 10 essential AAs including cystine, only arginine had a positive correlation (r = 0.79) with protein content. The dietary fibre contents varied between 190.7 and 223.1 g kg−1 and the values were slightly higher in the brown-seeded cultivars. The brown-seeded cultivars contained appreciable quantities of tannins, while the yellow- and green-seeded cultivars were devoid of tannins. The cultivars were almost devoid of fat and calcium but relatively high in phosphorus. Starch and dietary fibre were negatively correlated with protein content (r = −0.78 and −0.46, respectively), and accounted for the greatest difference in protein content. The TME values ranged from 11.6 to 13.3 MJ kg−1 while the TMEn values ranged from 11.0 to 12.9 MJ kg−1. The mean availabilities of AAs ranged from a high of 89.6 to a low of 75.9%, with total sulphur AAs (cystine and methionine) having the lowest value and glutamic acid having the highest value. There was a trend (P ≤ 0.05) towards lower AA bioavailability values in the brown-seeded cultivars. It can be concluded that these cultivars varied in chemical composition, metabolizable energy content and bioavailability of AAs. Key words: Field peas, composition, digestibility, chicken, poultry

scholarly journals Predicting corn digestible and metabolizable energy content from its chemical composition in growing pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanfeng Li ◽  
Jianjun Zang ◽  
Dewen Liu ◽  
Xiangshu Piao ◽  
Changhua Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy

The utilization of the dietary energy of pangola and setaria by young growing beef cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Tudor ◽  
D. J. Minson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Grasses

SUMMARYThe net energy values for growth and fattening of two artificially dried tropical grasses-, pangola (Digitaria decumbens) and setaria (S. sphacelata var. sericea cv. Nandi), of similar estimated metabolizable energy content (8·07 and 7·96 MJ/kg D.M.) were determined with cattle using a slaughter technique. Growing cattle with a mean initial weight of 175 kg were given equal quantities of dry matter of the two grasses at each of three planes of nutrition above maintenance for a period of 152 days.The initial energy, fat and protein content of the total body of the 24 test animals was estimated from regressions relating fasted live weight to theśe components, derived from 12 similar cattle slaughtered at the beginning of the feeding period. The final energy, fat and protein content of the test animals was determined directly by chemical analysis. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of the grasses was estimated from the level of digestible energy (DE) determined with eight cattle, assuming that ME = 0·815 DE.The cattle fed pangola gained more live weight, empty-body weight, fat, protein and energy than animals fed similar quantities of setaria. The net energy value for growth and fattening (NEf) was determined using regressions relating energy retention to the quantity of dry matter eaten. NEf in MJ/kg dry matter was 2·27 for pangola and 1·31 for setaria.Efficiency of utilization of ME for growth and fattening (kf) was.27·7% for pangola and 16·9% for setaria. These values for tropical grasses are lower than any values reported for temperate pasture species. Thus the lower efficiency of utilization of ME may cause the lower production of cattle which graze tropical grasses.It was concluded that as the kf values of different tropical grasses are not constant, kf values should be measured on a wider range of tropical grasses so that this factor can be taken into account when evaluating grasses in animal production systems.

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND MOISTURE ON YIELD AND PROTEIN IN FIELD PEAS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. McLEAN ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI ◽  
C. G. YOUNGS
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Moisture Conditions

When averaged over a wide range in soil nitrogen and moisture conditions, cultivar differences in yield and protein content of non-inoculated field peas (Pisum sativum L.) were relatively small. The inherent differences in seed weight were responsible for most of the variations in yield among the three cultivars. Nitrogen fertilization in the growth room experiment markedly increased plant weight, seed yield and protein content, and water-use efficiency was substantially improved. When maintained within the upper half of the available range, soil moisture supply had only a limited influence on plant growth. Periodic wilting did cause a severe reduction in plant weight and seed yield, but there was little change in protein content. For these fertilizer and moisture treatments, responses in seed yield were primarily due to changes in number of pods per plant; the seeds per pod and seed weight were relatively stable. It appeared that field peas were efficient converters of soil nitrogen to seed protein and, in the absence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen fertilization was the principal factor influencing the protein content of field peas. The correlation coefficient between yield and protein content was very low.

The metabolizable energy content for the chicken of maize and sorghum grain hybrids grown at several geographical regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Connor ◽  
AR Neill ◽  
KM Barram
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Metabolizable energy assays using Australorp chickens were carried out on sorghum and maize hybrids grown in different regions in Queensland and harvested in different years. Relationships between metabolizable energy and the chemical composition of the grains were examined. Some comparisons also were made between the energy metabolized by different strains of chickens. The mean nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy values and standard deviations for all maize and sorghum grains were 3770 � 154 (n = 48) and 3750 � 239 (n = 39) kcal per kg dry matter, respectively. There were significant differences in metabolizable energy values between locations and years of harvest for both grains. Significant differences were seen between sorghum hybrids, but not between maize hybrids. The interactions, hybrid x region and hybrid x year, also were significant for sorghum. Correlations between metabolizable energy and chemical composition of the grains were not sufficiently high to enable metabolizable energy to be predicted with the accuracy necessary for practical application. Chickens from a White Leghorn and two commercial broiler strains gave similar metabolizable energy values to those obtained with the Australorp chickens.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary protein and energy levels on the performance, meat bone ratio and meat chemical composition of SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecep Hidayat ◽  
Sofjan Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

<p class="Default"><span lang="EN-US">Sensi-1 Agrinak is a strain of the improved native chickens for meat production in Indonesia. The objective of </span><span lang="IN">this</span><span lang="EN-US"> study  was to investigate influence of different dietary energy and protein levels on </span><span lang="IN">p</span><span lang="EN-US">erformance, meat bone ratio</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span lang="EN-US"> and meat chemical composition of Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken, reared until 10 weeks of age. Two hundred and sixteen of unsexed day old chickens (DOC) of  Sensi-1 Agrinak were subjected to six experimental rations differed in dietary crude protein (CP) content,. </span><span lang="IN">Namely:</span><span lang="EN-US"> 21;19; and 17 % and dietary  metabolizable  energy (ME) (2800 and 3000 kcal/kg). Each treatment combination was replicated  four times and fed from day old to 10 weeks old. In each treatment combination there were nine unsexed-DOCs. The parameters observed were performance (i.e. live weight, feed intake, viability, FCR), economic index (European Production Efficiency Factor/EPEF), meat bone ratio, and meat chemical composition.  </span><span lang="IN">R</span><span lang="EN-US">esult showed that  </span><span lang="EN-US">increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> of dietary CP level increased live weight and EPEF (p&lt;0.05). Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken had the best FCR (2.59), when fed  diet containing 21% CP and 3000 kcal/kg. Increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> dietary CP level increased the  meat-bone ratio of breast, thighs, and drumsticks. Meanwhile, increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> levels of dietary CP and ME did not affect (p&gt;0.05) meat chemical composition. It </span><span lang="IN">is</span><span lang="EN-US"> concluded that optimal dietary levels of crude protein and energy for unsexed Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken  up to 10 weeks of age were 21% CP and 3000 kcal/kg.</span></p>

scholarly journals Determining Chemical Composition and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Different Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Lines Straw

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Numan Kılıçalp ◽  
Hatice Hızlı ◽  
Dürdane Mart
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Chickpea Cultivar

This study aimed to identfy chemical composition, ruminal degradation characeristics and metabolizable energy (ME) content of five different chickpea line and a check cultivar’s straw using nylon bag technique. Feed samples were incubated as three replicates of each fistulated Holstein heifer for 0, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. Degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in rumen were determined by using this mathematical expression D=a+b(1-e-ct). Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ash contents of straw were ranged from 5.61 to 7.42%, 51.33 to 56.0%, 63.67 to 67.0%, and 8.0 to 9.0% respectively. Besides Rapidly soluble fraction (a), potantial degradability (a+b) and effective dry matter degradability (EDDM ) were ranged from 17.86 to 21.41, 54.40 to 59.43, 49.65 to 54.91% respectively. Estimated ME of chickpea entries straw were ranged from 5.96 to 7.37 MJ/kg. Metabolizable energy content of control chickpea cultivar was significantly higher than the other chickpea straw of lines. The research values of ME revealed that significant differences were determined among the lines in terms of energy content. In addition to, a strong relationship between straw NDF level and ME content were determined.

Energy values in pig nutrition:3. The digestible and metabolizable energy content of barley, wheat, maize, oats and rye

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Commercial Sources

SUMMARYThe digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of eight samples of barley, eight of wheat, four of maize and two each of oats and rye were determined using growing gilts. The DE content of barley ranged from 15·35 to 15·89 MJ/kg D.M., from 15·15 to 16·42 MJ/kg D.M. for wheat and from 16·05 to 16·47 MJ/kg D.M. for maize. DE values for the two oat samples were 12·48 and 12·74 MJ/kg D.M. and 15–04 and 15–47 MJ/kg D.M. for the two rye samples. There was a significant correlation between DE and ME:ME (MJ/kg D.M.) = 0·050 + 0·965 DE: r = 0·99; P < 0·001.The ratio ME/DE was significantly influenced by crude-protein content:ME/DE = 100–0·254 CP%: r = –0·77; P < 0·001.ME values were also corrected to zero nitrogen retention (MEno) and to 30% nitrogen retention (MEN30). The effect of such corrections was expressed as MEN0/ME and MEN30/ME. Values thus obtained were 0·98 and 1·00 respectively for the pooled values for all cereals.The data indicated that there was unlikely to be significant variation in the DE content of samples of the same cereal species, selected from commercial sources within the U.K. when evaluated under standardized experimental conditions.

MANAGEMENT FOR YIELD AND PROTEIN OF FIELD PEAS IN SASKATCHEWAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. SOSULSKI ◽  
L. A. McLEAN ◽  
H. M. AUSTENSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Seed Yields

In experimental plots, the yields of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars averaged 25 q/ha and the protein contents varied between 25 and 31% over a wide range of management conditions. These values greatly exceeded the Saskatchewan provincial average yield of 13.5 q/ha and a protein range of 16–27% among farm samples in 1970. In the plot experiments, the commercial cultivars showed little variation in protein content but one strain from the world collection was high in protein content and seed yield. Seed inoculation, early planting, intermediate seeding rates and narrow row spacings favored high seed yields and did not adversely affect the protein content of field peas. Phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers increased protein content, and irrigation did not decrease the protein level when these fertilizers were applied.

Evaluating poultry feedstuffs in terms of their metabolizable energy content and chemical composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Guirguis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
The Mean

The metabolizable energy values (ME) of 16 feed ingredients available in Australia were determined with broiler chicks of both sexes. The chickens were fed test diets in which the feed ingredients replaced dextrose in a basal diet. The mean coefficient of variation was low in each determination of ME (range 0.78 to 1.20, mean 0.94 per cent). Sex had no significant effect on the ME value of most feedstuffs with the exception of oats, where ME values were significantly higher for female than for male chicks (P < 0.05). The ME values calculated from the chemical composition of feed ingredients by means of the equations of Sibbald et al; Carpenter and Clegg; and Bolton were considerably higher than that obtained by chick assay. On the other hand ME values of cereals predicted by means of Titus's equation were similar to those obtained in this experiment and to biologically determined values of ME published in the literature. ME values of protein concentrates varied considerably when estimated either by chick assay or by chemical composition. Titus's prediction equation was considered to provide a reasonably accurate estimate of the ME value of a ration where information is available only of the chemical composition of the feed ingredients.

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