The metabolizable energy content for the chicken of maize and sorghum grain hybrids grown at several geographical regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Connor ◽  
AR Neill ◽  
KM Barram
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Metabolizable energy assays using Australorp chickens were carried out on sorghum and maize hybrids grown in different regions in Queensland and harvested in different years. Relationships between metabolizable energy and the chemical composition of the grains were examined. Some comparisons also were made between the energy metabolized by different strains of chickens. The mean nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy values and standard deviations for all maize and sorghum grains were 3770 � 154 (n = 48) and 3750 � 239 (n = 39) kcal per kg dry matter, respectively. There were significant differences in metabolizable energy values between locations and years of harvest for both grains. Significant differences were seen between sorghum hybrids, but not between maize hybrids. The interactions, hybrid x region and hybrid x year, also were significant for sorghum. Correlations between metabolizable energy and chemical composition of the grains were not sufficiently high to enable metabolizable energy to be predicted with the accuracy necessary for practical application. Chickens from a White Leghorn and two commercial broiler strains gave similar metabolizable energy values to those obtained with the Australorp chickens.

Evaluating poultry feedstuffs in terms of their metabolizable energy content and chemical composition

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Guirguis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
The Mean

The metabolizable energy values (ME) of 16 feed ingredients available in Australia were determined with broiler chicks of both sexes. The chickens were fed test diets in which the feed ingredients replaced dextrose in a basal diet. The mean coefficient of variation was low in each determination of ME (range 0.78 to 1.20, mean 0.94 per cent). Sex had no significant effect on the ME value of most feedstuffs with the exception of oats, where ME values were significantly higher for female than for male chicks (P < 0.05). The ME values calculated from the chemical composition of feed ingredients by means of the equations of Sibbald et al; Carpenter and Clegg; and Bolton were considerably higher than that obtained by chick assay. On the other hand ME values of cereals predicted by means of Titus's equation were similar to those obtained in this experiment and to biologically determined values of ME published in the literature. ME values of protein concentrates varied considerably when estimated either by chick assay or by chemical composition. Titus's prediction equation was considered to provide a reasonably accurate estimate of the ME value of a ration where information is available only of the chemical composition of the feed ingredients.

scholarly journals Predicting corn digestible and metabolizable energy content from its chemical composition in growing pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanfeng Li ◽  
Jianjun Zang ◽  
Dewen Liu ◽  
Xiangshu Piao ◽  
Changhua Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy

Field peas: Chemical composition and energy and amino acid availabilities for poultry

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Igbasan ◽  
W. Guenter ◽  
B. A. Slominski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

Twelve pea cultivars (yellow-, green- and brown-seeded) were evaluated for chemical composition and digestibility in poultry. The evaluation involved analyses for protein, amino acids (AAs), fat, starch, dietary fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and tannins. True metabolizable energy [nitrogen corrected (TMEn) and uncorrected (TME)] and true AA bioavailability values were also determined with adult cockerels. The cultivars showed a wide range of protein (207.5–264.0 g kg−1) and starch (385.3–436.8 g kg−1) contents which were not related to the seed coat colours. The concentrations of several AAs varied among the cultivars. With the exception of arginine, the concentrations of all other essential AAs on a protein basis decreased as protein levels increased. Out of 10 essential AAs including cystine, only arginine had a positive correlation (r = 0.79) with protein content. The dietary fibre contents varied between 190.7 and 223.1 g kg−1 and the values were slightly higher in the brown-seeded cultivars. The brown-seeded cultivars contained appreciable quantities of tannins, while the yellow- and green-seeded cultivars were devoid of tannins. The cultivars were almost devoid of fat and calcium but relatively high in phosphorus. Starch and dietary fibre were negatively correlated with protein content (r = −0.78 and −0.46, respectively), and accounted for the greatest difference in protein content. The TME values ranged from 11.6 to 13.3 MJ kg−1 while the TMEn values ranged from 11.0 to 12.9 MJ kg−1. The mean availabilities of AAs ranged from a high of 89.6 to a low of 75.9%, with total sulphur AAs (cystine and methionine) having the lowest value and glutamic acid having the highest value. There was a trend (P ≤ 0.05) towards lower AA bioavailability values in the brown-seeded cultivars. It can be concluded that these cultivars varied in chemical composition, metabolizable energy content and bioavailability of AAs. Key words: Field peas, composition, digestibility, chicken, poultry

scholarly journals Determining Chemical Composition and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Different Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Lines Straw

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Numan Kılıçalp ◽  
Hatice Hızlı ◽  
Dürdane Mart
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Chickpea Cultivar

This study aimed to identfy chemical composition, ruminal degradation characeristics and metabolizable energy (ME) content of five different chickpea line and a check cultivar’s straw using nylon bag technique. Feed samples were incubated as three replicates of each fistulated Holstein heifer for 0, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. Degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in rumen were determined by using this mathematical expression D=a+b(1-e-ct). Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ash contents of straw were ranged from 5.61 to 7.42%, 51.33 to 56.0%, 63.67 to 67.0%, and 8.0 to 9.0% respectively. Besides Rapidly soluble fraction (a), potantial degradability (a+b) and effective dry matter degradability (EDDM ) were ranged from 17.86 to 21.41, 54.40 to 59.43, 49.65 to 54.91% respectively. Estimated ME of chickpea entries straw were ranged from 5.96 to 7.37 MJ/kg. Metabolizable energy content of control chickpea cultivar was significantly higher than the other chickpea straw of lines. The research values of ME revealed that significant differences were determined among the lines in terms of energy content. In addition to, a strong relationship between straw NDF level and ME content were determined.

scholarly journals Chemical and nutritional composition of some common foods in Abeokuta, Nigeria

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Silifat Ajoke Sanni ◽  
Clara Raquel Bernstein Oguntona ◽  
Lateef Oladimeji Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Vegetable Soup ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Chemical composition of seven common foods viz. cooked rice, cooked beans, cooked yams, cooked fufu, fried fish, stew, and vegetable soup, sold by the selected (147) vendors in Abeokut, were investigated. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the collected data. The results of the proximate analysis of food samples showed that the mean moisture content of the street foods ranged from 44.87% in fried fish to 72.43% in cooked fufu. Protein content varied from 0.03% in cooked fufu to 14.47% in fried fish while the fat content ranged from 0.03% in cooked fufu to 34.43% in fried fish. Ash and carbohydrate contents ranged from 0.42% in cooked rice to 16.07% in vegetable soup and 0.73% in stew to 29.27% in cooked rice, respectively. The energy content ranged from 89.0 Kcal in cooked fufu to 375.24 Kcal in fried fish. In general, fried fish had the highest values of protein (14.47%), fat (34.43%) and energy content (375.24 KCal.). The results showed that there were no appreciable differences in the proximate composition of the selected foods across the locations.

scholarly journals Studies on the energy metabolism of the pregnant sow

1985 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Noblet ◽  
W. H. Close ◽  
R. P. Heavens ◽  
D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
N Content ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

1. Twenty-six gilts were used in an experiment to study the effects of level of feed intake on the growth and chemical composition of the gravid uterus and mammary tissue at several stages of gestation. The animals were given either 1.8 or 2.5 kg feed/d (20 or 30 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) respectively) and were slaughtered at intervals between days 40 and 110 of gestation. The gravid uterus was dissected into fetal, placental, fluid and empty uterus components. From day 70 of gestation the mammary tissue was also dissected. The fresh weight and dry matter (DM), energy and nitrogen contents of the various tissues were determined.2. (a) With the exception of the fluid component, there was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the fresh weight of each tissue with both stage of gestation and level of feeding. At comparable litter sizes the total weight of the fetuses in late gestation was 16% higher with the higher feed intake. (b) The DM content of the individual uterine tissues increased significantly (P < 0.01) with increase in stage of gestation so that the mean DM content of the gravid uterus increased from 74.6g/kg at day 50 to 103.1 and 159, 0g/kg at days 90 and 110 of gestation respectively. (c) Neither stage of gestation nor feeding level influenced the respective energy contents of the individual uterine tissues, when expressed per g DM. The mean energy content of the total gravid uterus was 19.5 kJ/g DM. (d) The N content (g/g fresh weight) of the tissues increased with stage of gestation and was generally higher at the higher feeding level. The mean N contents (g/g DM) of the fetal, placental, fluid and empty uterine tissues were 0.090, 0, 101, 0.098 and 0.128 respectively.3. The mammary tissue was the most variable of all the tissues investigated. Whereas the fresh weight and N content increased with stage of gestation, both the DM and energy content decreased.4. Gompertz equations were fitted to describe the effects of stage of gestation, level of feed intake and litter size on the fresh weight and chemical content of the individual uterine tissues, total gravid uterus and mammary tissue. The use of these equations for calculating the nutrient requirements of pregnancy is demonstrated.5. It was calculated that between days 50 and 110 of gestation the ME requirement for reproduction increased from 3 to 12% of maternal energy intake. The calculated requirement for protein was from 7 to 41 % of maternal dietary protein intake respectively.

Individual intake variation in ewes given feedblock or trough supplements indoors or at winter grazing

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Kendall ◽  
M. J. Ducker ◽  
R. G. Hemingway
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Free Access ◽  
A Value ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Supplement Intake

ABSTRACTIndividual dry matter intakes were measured using four groups of 16 ewes, indoors or at sparse winter grazing. In periods of varying duration (14 to 35 days) the ewe groups received 14 feedblock supplements competitively, eight trough supplements competitively or two feedblock supplements individually. In each period hay was available ad libitum. All supplements contained chromic oxide and individual supplement intakes were estimated by total faecal collection. Individual hay and total dry-matter intakes were estimated by faecal apportionment according to indigestibility of dietary components.Metabolizable energy content (0·81 × digestible energy) of the feedblocks ranged from 7·9 to 9·2 MJ/kg dry matter compared with a value of 13·0 MJ metabolizable energy/kg dry matter for concentrates. The variation in individual supplement intake was large, irrespective of type of supplement. However the mean coefficient of intake variation for 14 feedblock supplements (0·56) significantly (P < 0·05) exceeded that (0·39) for eight trough supplements at equivalent mean dry-matter intakes.Thus, ‘free-access’ feedblocks did not allow a more uniform supplementation than trough supplements. Supplement intake variation was higher outdoors and increased as total feedblock intake reduced.The variation in individual hay and total dry-matter intake was lower, and generally independent of that for the supplements. Mean coefficient of variation of 0·24 and 0·22 were obtained for hay and total dry matter, respectively, based on 22 collections with competitively fed sheep.Total daily metabolizable energy intakes of individual ewes outdoors ranged from 5 to 22 MJ per collection.

scholarly journals Correlation between chemical composition, EHGE and TME of corn for ducks

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Chen ◽  
Z.Y. Wang ◽  
C.G. Du ◽  
Z.L. Qi ◽  
Y.Q. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysate ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cherry Valley Duck ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Total Starch

Correlations between chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE), and true metabolizable energy (TME) of corn for ducks were investigated. Twenty-two corn samples were collected from various regions in 11 provinces of China. The crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), Ash, gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), amylopectin (AP), amylose (AM), total starch (TS), and AP/AM were determined for each sample. Five of the samples of corn were chosen at the mean, mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD), and mean ± 2 SD based on AP/AM. The EHGE of these samples was analysed using the pepsin-artificial small intestinal fluid enzymatic method. These five samples were also force-fed to male Cherry Valley ducks to assay their TME. Finally, correlation analyses were performed, and regression equations were established. Ash content, GE, and TS were highly related to EHGE. Univariate prediction equations were EHGE = 11.8566Ash-0.0421 (P <0.05), EHGE = 0.1535GE1.5642 (P <0.05), and EHGE = 0.1020TS1.1561 (P <0.05). The total starch, AP/AM, and ash of the chemical compositions were highly related to TME. The corresponding univariate regression equations were TME = 21.9355TS-0.0910 (P <0.05), TME = 15.6590AP/AM-0.0559 (P <0.05), and TME = 15.0778Ash0.0442 (P <0.05). The mean EHGE was equivalent to 78.5% of TME, but their correlation coefficient was low. In conclusion, chemical composition was predictive of EHGE and TME of corn samples for ducks, but the correlation of EHGE and TME was low Keywords: Cherry Valley duck, amylopectin, amylose, true metabolizable energy

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