Comparison of objective external carcass measurements and subjective conformation scores for prediction of lamb carcass quality

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
C. M. Woloschuk ◽  
L. A. McClelland ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Light Medium ◽  
Meat Type

Carcass measurements were collected from 1505 lambs over a 2-yr period by a single technician. The lambs (rams, ewes and wethers) were classified as either meat-type or wool-type, with meat-type subdivided by frame size into light, medium or large. Carcass measurements included carcass length (L), length of hind leg (T), depth of hind leg (H) and circumference of hind leg (G). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada graders measured tissue depth of all lambs at the GR site (11 cm from carcass midline over the 12th rib) and assigned subjective conformation scores for the regions of the leg, loin and shoulder. Sixty-nine lambs across groups were dissected into primal cuts to determine saleable meat yield. Carcass length and T decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing conformation score, whereas G and H increased (P < 0.05) with increasing conformation score. Wool-breed and light-frame lambs had lower conformation scores (P < 0.01) for the regions of the leg and loin than did medium- and large-frame lambs. Comparing the results of carcass dissection, wool-breed lambs had a lower saleable meat yield (P < 0.05) than large-frame lambs. Saleable meat yield also tended to be lower for light-frame than for medium- and large-frame lambs, although the numbers of medium- and light-frame lambs dissected were low. The carcass measurements used in this study accurately predicted percentage of the high priced leg cuts (R2 = 0.80, RSD = 0.6%), and were marginally more accurate than subjective conformation scores in predicting saleable yield from dissection (R2 = 0.61, RSD = 1.3%). However the carcass measurements used in this study were not valuable predictors of percentages of shoulder or loin and rack in the primal cuts. These data do not indicate any unjustified bias in the subjective conformation scores currently in use in the Canadian Classification System for lamb, as the breed types and frame sizes assigned lower conformation scores also had lower saleable meat yields. Key words: Measurement, lamb, carcass, meat yield

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHIONINE AND LYSINE ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE AND BREAST MEAT YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. HICKLING ◽  
W. GUENTER ◽  
M. E. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Breast Meat Yield

An experiment was conducted with 3840 male Ross × Arbor Acres broiler chicks to test the effects of increasing dietary methionine and lysine on performance and breast meat yield. Supplemental methionine and lysine were fed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in both starter (0–3 wk) and finisher (3–6 wk) diets. Methionine was fed at levels of NRC and 112% NRC. Lysine was fed at levels of NRC and 106% NRC, 112% NRC and 118% NRC. Increasing dietary methionine increased weight gain (P < 0.01), feed efficiency (P < 0.01) from 3 to 6 wk, and breast meat yield (P < 0.01) at 6 wk. Increasing dietary lysine caused a curvilinear response in breast meat yield (P < 0.05). Key words: Broiler, lysine, methionine, breast meat

Effect of live-yeast culture and lasalocid supplementation on performance of growing–finishing steers fed alfalfa-silage, corn-silage and high-grain diets sequentially

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Key Words Yeast ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Live Yeast

Trials were conducted to determine the effect of supplementing feedlot diets with live-yeast culture (YC), lasalocid (LAS) or YC + LAS on intake, growth and carcass characteristics of steers. Dietary additives in either 96% corn-silage or 75% dry-rolled barley-based diets increased (P < 0.05) final weights and carcass weights of steers. Key words: Yeast, lasalocid, steers, carcass quality, growth

Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for ultrasound and carcass merit traits in crossbred beef cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miar ◽  
G. S. Plastow ◽  
H. L. Bruce ◽  
S. S. Moore ◽  
O. N. Durunna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Ribeye Area ◽  
Carcass Merit

Miar, Y., Plastow, G. S., Bruce, H. L., Moore, S. S., Durunna, O. N., Nkrumah, J. D. and Wang, Z. 2014. Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for ultrasound and carcass merit traits in crossbred beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 273–280. Ultrasound measurements of 852 crossbred steers along with carcass merit measurements on 756 of them were used to examine their genetic and phenotypic parameters. Traits including ultrasound backfat thickness (UBF), ultrasound ribeye area (UREA), ultrasound marbling (UMAR), carcass weight (CWT), carcass grade fat (CGF), carcass average backfat thickness (CABF), carcass ribeye area (CREA), carcass marbling score (CMAR), and carcass lean meat yield (CLMY) were measured on 6 yr of residual feed intake trials from 2003 to 2008. Pairwise bivariate animal models were performed for each combination of traits using ASReml software to estimate heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations among the traits. Significant fixed effects (contemporary group, and sire breed), covariates (age of dam, slaughter weight, and start test age of animal), and random additive effect were fitted in the models. The heritability estimates for UBF, UREA, UMAR, CWT, CGF, CABF, CREA, CMAR, and CLMY were 0.31, 0.17, 0.37, 0.40, 0.22, 0.25, 0.24, 0.38, and 0.28, respectively. Most of the phenotypic correlations were significant (P<0.05). CWT had low to moderate phenotypic correlations with most of the traits. Results show that heavier CWT tends to have more UREA, CGF, CABF, and CREA. Genetic correlations among these traits varied from weak to strong, but most of them were not significantly different from zero. Greater CREA may lead to decreased UMAR, and UBF due to negative genetic correlations (−0.56±0.32, and −0.45±0.23, respectively). The results support the potential value of ultrasound technology in crossbreed beef cattle breeding programs to generate indicator traits for carcass quality. In addition, carcass lean meat yield correlated favourably with backfat thickness and rib eye area but correlated unfavourably with UMAR. The estimated genetic parameters for ultrasound and carcass merit traits can be incorporated into breeding programs that emphasize carcass quality in Canadian crossbred beef cattle populations.

A geological approach toward developing a mudrock-durability classification system

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Dick ◽  
Abdul Shakoor ◽  
Neil Wells
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Slake Durability Index ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Clay Mineral Composition

Relationships between durability and lithologic characteristics of 61 mudrock samples from North America were investigated with the objective of developing a mudrock-durability classification based on lithologic characteristics. Second-cycle slake-durability index (Id2) was used as a measure of durability, whereas clay content, clay-mineral composition, texture, microfracture frequency, absorption, adsorption, dry density, void ratio, and Atterberg limits were used to characterize mudrock lithology. Based upon the amount of clay-size material, the presence or absence of laminations, and the degree of induration, the mudrocks were subdivided into claystones, mudstones, siltstones, shales, and argillites. The relationships between durability and lithologic characteristics were investigated separately for each class of mudrocks. The results show that different lithologic characteristics best correlate with the durability of each class of mudrocks. The durability of claystones correlates best with the amount of expandable clay minerals and that of mudstones with the frequency of microfractures. The degree of consolidation, as expressed by absorption, influences the durability of both siltstones and shales. The durability of argillites is related to their crystalline texture. Lithologic characteristics can be quantitatively related to a durability classification proposed herein that recognizes three classes of durability: low (Id2 < 50%), medium (Id2 = 50%–85%), and high (Id2 > 85%). Key words : mudrock, durability, lithologic characteristics, classification.

Muscle score: its usefulness in describing the potential yield of saleable meat from live steers and their carcasses

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Perry ◽  
WA McKiernan ◽  
AP Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation

Domestic trade weight steers (149) were assessed visually for subcutaneous fat and then given a live muscle score based on the thickness and convexity of their shape relative to frame size, having adjusted for subcutaneous fat. After slaughter, carcasses were given visually assessed carcass muscle scores based on the same critera. Fat depths at the P8 site and 12-13th eye muscle area were measured. Half of each carcass was boned-out into primal joints with subcutaneous fat trimmed to 6 mm. The weights of these joints plus meat trim (85% visual lean) were added to obtain the weight of saleable meat. The weight of fat trimmed from the carcass, primal joints, and meat trimmings during the bone-out process was added to obtain weight of fat trim. The assessors did not give steers with a greater subcutaneous fat depth better muscle scores when scoring for muscle and intermuscular fat. There was a negative correlation between live muscle score and P8 fat depth (-0.37), and no significant correlation between carcass muscle score and P8 fat depth. The associations between muscle score and yield of saleable meat were investigated using multiple regression techniques, with fat depth and muscle score sequentially added after weight in the model. The coefficient of determination and the residual standard deviation were compared at each stage. For saleable meat yield (kg), liveweight and carcass weight were the main contributors to the variation explained by the models fitted. For saleable meat yield as a percentage of carcass weight, most of the variation accounted for by the models fitted was explained by fat depth, muscle score, and eye muscle area. When added after weight and fat depth in regression models, muscle score significantly increased the coefficient of determination in all cases, with an associated decrease in the residual standard deviation. The effect was strongest for percentage of saleable meat. At the same weight and fat depth, animals or carcasses with better muscle scores produced more saleable meat.

scholarly journals The effects of fiber supplementation on diet digestibility by silver foxes

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Faulkner ◽  
D. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Meat Type

A digestibility study with Silver foxes weighing 6.5 ± 0.1 kg was conducted to evaluate five fibers (hemicellulose (X), α-cellulose (C), pectin (P), oat bran (B) and oat hulls (H)) added at 5% to a meat-type diet (A). Apparent digestibility of dry matter in diet P (65.1%) was significantly poorer (P < 0.05) than all others except C (69.1%). Addition of all fibers reduced digestibility of acid detergent fiber. Diet P resulted in weight loss, increased water consumption, and faster rate of passage than diet A (P < 0.05). Key words: Digestibility, oat bran, rate of passage, hemicellulose, fiber, fox

Video image analysis for on-line classification of lamb carcasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
R. J. Richmond ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
W. M. Robertson ◽  
M. A. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Video Image ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Video Image Analysis ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
On Line ◽  
Waste Fat ◽  
Current Classification System

AbstractVideo image analysis (VIA), carcass shape and colour data were collected for 1211 lambs of known gender, breed type and carcass weight over a 1-week period using the VIAscan® system developed by the Australian Meat Research Corporation. Classification data (thickness of soft tissue over the 12th rib (GR measurement) and subjective conformation scores on a five-point scale of the leg, loin and shoulder) were assessed by an Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada grader after carcasses had chilled at 5°C for 3 to 6 h. Dissections into saleable meat yield (no. = 58) were performed after carcasses had chilled an additional 24 h. The timing of this study, which was dependent on availability of the VIA equipment, influenced the age and type of lambs available for analysis. The majority of lambs evaluated were wool-breed wethers, age > 10 months, of average GR (15·7 (s.d. 0·2) mm) and muscle conformation (3·0, s.d. 0·1). VIA improved the prediction of saleable meat yield (R2 = 0·71, residual s.d. = 14g/kg) compared with the current classification system (R2 = 0·52, residual s.d. = 18 g/kg). Although prediction ofGR measurement by VIA resulted in a large residual error (residual s.d. = 2·4 mm), the proportion of waste fat (perirenal and subcutaneous) and bone dissected from the carcass was accurately predicted (R2 = 0·62, residual s.d. = 11 g/kg). Proportions of leg (R2 = 0·71, residual s.d. = 7 g/kg) and shoulder (R2 = 0·62, residual s.d. = 9 g/kg) primals were also accurately predicted by VIA, although there were no significant predictors for the proportion of the loin (P > 0·15). VIA improved the prediction of saleable meat yield compared with the current classification system. However collection of additional data including some from extremely lean or well muscled animals would be required before VIA could be recommended to classify lamb carcasses

Effect of zeranol on fat deposition and carcass traits in beef heifers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. D. Bergen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Beef Heifer

Non-pregnant beef heifers implanted with zeranol at birth and at 100 and 200 d of age were fed a finishing ration for 78 d to slaughter at 21–22 mo of age. Rate of fat deposition, grade fat and marbling score were less (P < 0.05) and carcass weight, rib-eye area and lean-meat yield were greater (P < 0.05) for implanted heifers than for non-implanted heifers. Key words: Zeranol, ultrasound, fat deposition, carcass, beef heifer

Carcass and organoleptic characteristics of meat from steers grazed on alfalfa/grass pastures and finished on grain

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
R. L. Cliplef
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics

Forty-eight pasture-raised steers were fed grain for 0, 33 or 75 d before slaughter. Approximately 69% of steers slaughtered directly off pasture met A-grade standards with the remainder grading B1 due to insufficient marbling. However, a 33-d period of grain feeding was sufficient for all steers to meet A-grade standards. Pasture-finished steers had lower predicted lean yields, smaller rib-eye areas, and darker coloured meat than grain-finished steers. Grain feeding did not change fat colour or texture, nor tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall acceptability. Key words: Forage finishing, carcass quality, beef, pasture, grain

WATER CONSUMPTION OF MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER ◽  
J. R. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Meat Type

Water consumption of meat-type chickens was measured daily to 9 wk of age. Water consumption in litres/1000 chicks increased from 226.4 L in week 1 to 2353.7 in week 9. Water:feed ratio varied from 1.34 to 2.06 while water:gain ratio was 2.60 to 3.60. Water consumption and water:feed ratios varied considerably from literature values. Key words: Water consumption; water:feed, meat-type chickens

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