Relevance of National Research Council feed composition tables in Alberta

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suleiman ◽  
E. Okine ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The nutrient concentrations of selected Alberta-grown whole barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.), three pure hays of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), barley, oat (Avea sativa L.), and four pure crop silages of alfalfa, barley, corn (Zea mays L.), and oat were determined and compared with nutrient concentrations of similar forages and a cereal grain reported in the National Research Council (NRC 1984 and 1989) feed nutrient composition tables. In addition, the variations in nutrient concentrations within the selected Alberta feedstuffs were assessed as an indication of whether the feedstuffs should be analysed frequently for certain nutrients. The concentrations of zinc and copper in barley grain cultivated in Alberta were 248% and 60% of the NRC values, respectively. The phosphorus, manganese, sulphur, magnesium, CP, selenium and calcium concentrations in barley hay were 17, 18, 18, 22, 32, 50 and 100% higher than NRC values. However, the concentrations of Cu and Zn were only 18 and 40% of the NRC values. Data from the present study suggest that Alberta hays, silages and barley grain are different in nutrient concentrations from similar grain and forages reported by the NRC (1984, 1989). Due to a high percentage of Alberta feeds being below the suggested NRC requirement levels of the various trace minerals, use of NRC table values for Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn for barley hay, silage and grain, oat hay and silage, alfalfa hay and silage and corn silage could result in deficiencies of these trace minerals in beef and dairy cattle with possible adverse effects on productivity. Thus, there is a need to use Alberta-derived nutrient composition values for these elements in diet formulations for cattle in Alberta. The high CVs calculated for most of the nutrients in the selected Alberta feeds suggest that these feeds should be analysed more often in order to minimise costs of production due to nutrient shortfalls or excesses in diets formulated using nutrient values without the knowledge of variability in feed composition. Key words: Nutrient composition, variability, feedstuffs

No-till alfalfa stand termination strategies: Alfalfa control and wheat and barley production

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Relationship

Crop rotations involving perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) present the unique problem of terminating the alfalfa stand. Intensive tillage currently used to terminate alfalfa increases the risk of soil erosion and reduces many of the rotational benefits from alfalfa. Inadequate alfalfa termination results in severe competition to the following crop by surviving alfalfa plants. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba between 1991 and 1993 with the following objectives: 1) to investigate no-till vs. tillage management systems for successful alfalfa termination, 2) to compare fall vs. spring alfalfa termination, 3) to compare the performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded into alfalfa residue, and 4) to determine the relationship between alfalfa escapes and grain yield. Fall termination produced higher grain yields than spring termination, however this advantage was only achieved with the better termination treatments capable of lowering alfalfa regrowth below a critical level. The best herbicide treatment tested here was glyphosate at 1.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Successful treatments would have to reduce residual alfalfa basal crown area (a measure of alfalfa regrowth potential) after cereal grain harvest to below 2%. Alfalfa escapes reduced yield of following wheat and barley crops similarly (P > 0.05). When alfalfa termination treatment method allowed some regrowth, in-crop herbicide treatments significantly reduced alfalfa basal crown area. Results of this study indicate that it is feasible to terminate alfalfa with herbicides in the absence of tillage, however an overall cropping strategy, including adequate consideration of weeds present in alfalfa fields at time of termination, must be considered. Key words: Herbicides, competition, recropping, no-till, alfalfa regrowth, soil conservation, sustainable cropping

EFFECT OF BARLEY SUPPLEMENT TO THE RATION OF DONOR ANIMALS USED IN IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY DETERMINATION

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. CALDER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rumen fluid from two sheep was used to determine in vitro dry matter digestibilities of 25 samples each from alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) and barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.). The sheep were fed either a good quality hay ad libitum and 1 kg rolled barley per day, or only the hay ad libitum, in a switchback design. The in vitro dry matter digestibilities of both alfalfa hay and barley were lower (P < 0.01) when the donor animal was fed hay and barley than when fed only hay.

Influence of stage of maturity on yield components and chemical composition of cereal grain silages

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khorasani ◽  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
J. H. Helm ◽  
J. J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Dough Stage

The objectives of this study were to determine changes in yield of total grain, stem and leaf DM, leaf:stem ratio and chemical composition during the growth period (boot to soft-dough stage) and during ensiling of whole-crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Noble'), oats (Avena sativa L. 'Cascade'), triticale (X Triticosecale Rimpani Witt. 'Wapiti'), and a 1:1 barley (Noble):winter triticale (cv. Pika) mixture. Data for whole-crop cereals were compared with a second cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 'Algonquin'). Crude protein and nitrate concentrations of all crops decreased with advancing maturity. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and cellulose concentrations of all crops initially increased and then decreased with advancing maturity whereas acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations increased with advancing maturity. During the growth phase, oats and triticale had higher NDF and ADF concentrations, but by harvesting these differences had disappeared. Leaf as percentage of total DM and leaf:stem ratios were higher and the stem as percentage of total DM was lower for the barley:winter triticale mixture compared with the cereal monocrops. Cereal forages were ranked in order of decreasing quality as barley, barley:winter triticale, triticale, and oats. Key words: Alfalfa, barley, oats, triticale, silage, quality

NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN GRASS AND LEGUME FORAGES OF NORTHWESTERN MANITOBA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. DRYSDALE ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
L. E. LILLIE ◽  
W. K. FLETCHER ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Swan River

Concentrations of Mo, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, N, Ca, P, Mg and K were determined in native and introduced grasses and legume forages from throughout northwestern Manitoba. Nutrient concentrations were compared with minimum requirements of cattle suggested by the Agricultural Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council. Differences in Mo concentrations were noted in forages between two geologic subareas within the study area. Cu and Mo concentrations suggested potentials for primary Cu deficiency in grasses throughout the region, and for Mo-induced Cu deficiency with grasses west of the Swan River formation and with legumes from all areas within the region. Throughout the study area, concentrations of Zn and Mn were found to be at deficient levels while those of Fe and Ca were found to be at adequate to excessive levels for cattel production. N and P concentrations in all forages were borderline to adequate, while Mg and K concentrations of grass forages were deficient to borderline with relation to the requirement of cattle.

scholarly journals The effect of trace minerals on the stability of retinol acetate, cholecalciferol and selenomethionine stability within premixes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. Concarr ◽  
I. Sinkunaite ◽  
R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Retinol Acetate ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mineral Sources

This study compared the effect of an organic proteinate mineral source and an inorganic sulphate mineral source in relation to their effect on the stability of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol within simulated premixes, while comparing the stability of two different selenomethionine (SeMet) sources (selenium enriched yeast (SeYeast) and the chemically synthesised L-SeMet) in the presence of inorganic sulphate mineral sources within simulated premixes. Four vitamin-trace mineral premixes, two containing organic trace mineral sources in the form of proteinates and two containing inorganic trace mineral sources in the form of sulphates, were formulated so that, when added to a complete broiler feed at the appropriate inclusion rates, they contained the same amount of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol and varying levels of trace minerals (National Research Council recommended level, commonly used industry level or a reduced inclusion level). The two SeMet-trace mineral premixes were formulated to contain commonly used industry levels of vitamins and trace minerals. The two SeMet-trace mineral premixes differed in the source of SeMet. One premix contained chemically synthesised L-SeMet while the other contained SeYeast. The vitamin content of the four vitamin-trace mineral premixes was analysed after 14 and 84 days in storage by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and the amount present within each of the premixes was compared to the quantity determined prior to storage. In general, the premixes formulated with the sulphate trace mineral source were found to have higher losses of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol than those formulated with the proteinate trace mineral source. The inclusion of the proteinate minerals at both National Research Council and reduced inclusion levels significantly (P≤0.05) increased the stability of both the vitamins when compared to the inorganic sulphate mineral sources included at commonly used industry levels. The SeMet content of the two SeMet-trace mineral premixes was analysed after 49 days in storage by high performance liquid chromatography – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the amount of SeMet present within each of the samples was compared to the quantity determined prior to storage. SeMet present within the SeYeast was found to be significantly more stable (P≤0.05) than the chemically synthesised L-SeMet.

scholarly journals IRON, MANGANESE, COPPER, ZINC AND SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN ALBERTA GRAINS AND ROUGHAGES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. REDSHAW ◽  
P. J. MARTIN ◽  
D. H. LAVERTY
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Mean

Samples of barley, oat and wheat grain, barley, oat, barley–oat, grass, legume and grass–legume roughage grown throughout Alberta were analyzed for Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations. In addition, the barley grain and grass–legume roughage samples were analyzed for Se concentrations. The various element concentrations were compared with Agricultural Research Council and National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council minimum requirements for cattle. The geographic distribution of these concentrations within Alberta was also examined. The mean Fe concentrations for all feeds were well above the suggested minimum requirement of 30 ppm. On the other hand, the mean Zn concentrations for all feeds were below the suggested minimum requirement of 50 ppm. Mean Mn concentrations of barley grain, barley roughage and legume roughage were less than the suggested minimum requirement of 40 ppm. Wheat grain was the only feed showing a mean Cu concentration of less than the suggested minimum requirement of 10 ppm. Mean Se concentrations of barley grain and grass–legume roughage were above the suggested minimum requirement of 100 ppb. With the exception of Se in barley grain there were no geographic differences in elements evident within Alberta. Selenium in barley grain showed highest concentrations in the south and southeast of the Province with greater occurrence of low concentrations towards the west, north and northwest.

SELENIUM ENRICHMENT OF CROPS THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Podzol Soils

A field study was conducted, at two locations on Prince Edward Island, over a 5-yr period to determine the effects of foliar applications of sodium selenite on the Se concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain and in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) foliage. Applications of 10–20 g Se ha−1 resulted in barley kernels and forage plant Se levels that would be adequate to prevent Se deficiency in most livestock. The highest rate of Se, at 80 g ha−1, resulted in plant Se concentrations of 706 μg kg−1 in timothy. The measured plant Se concentrations, to the same applications, varied from year to year but the responses to applied Se levels were generally in the same proportions. For similar application rates Se concentrations were lower in barley grain than in the forages. Tissue Se levels in the second cuts of alfalfa and timothy were lower than in the first cut. High levels of foliar-applied Se did not result in a carryover effect the following crop year. Annual foliar applications of Se would be required to raise the Se levels in crops into the sufficiency range for livestock feeds. Key words: Selenium content, foliar spray, cereals, forages, Podzol soils

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