Effects of raising lambs in a cold or a warm environment on animal performance and carcass traits

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vachon ◽  
R. Morel ◽  
D. Cinq-Mars
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Daily Gain

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was conducted over two consecutive winters to compare growth and carcass traits of ram and ewe lambs in a cold or warm environment (noninsulated, unheated vs. an insulated and heated barn with minimum inside temperature (T) between 5 and 10°C). Each winter, 14 pairs of lambs of each sex were randomly allocated to either a cold or warm environment (average weight of 23.8 kg ± 0.6 and 22.4 kg ± 2.0 in 2003 and 2004, respectively). They were fed hay and concentrate ad libitum until they reached 42 to 48 kg body weight (BW) when they were slaughtered. Carcass traits were then evaluated. The average temperature in the cold environment was -7.49 and -4.74°C in 2003 and 2004, respectively, vs. +6.25 and +10.50°C, respectively, in the warm environment. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance and carcass traits between lambs raised in a cold or a warm environment. However, there was a tendency for lambs raised in a cold environment to have higher average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.06) and to take less time to market (P = 0.09). Results suggest that it is possible to raise lambs in a cold environment without having any detrimental effect on performance and carcass quality. Key words: Lamb, environment, cold, performance, growth, carcass

EFFECTS OF ZERANOL ON WEIGHT GAIN, BONE GROWTH AND OTHER CARCASS TRAITS IN STEERS AND BULLS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-840
Author(s):  
Z. I. CHAUDHARY ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of zeranol were studied in 24 steers and 24 bulls starting at an average weight of 200 kg for a trial period of 183 days. Bulls grew faster than steers (P = 0.07) and zeranol-treated cattle showed higher average daily gain than controls (P < 0.05); there was no significant interaction between gender and treatment. Castration increased carcass fatness (P < 0.01) and decreased dressing percent (P < 0.01), rib-eye area (P < 0.01), shank muscle (P < 0.01) and shank muscle:bone ratio (P < 0.01). Implantation with zeranol had no effect on these traits. The weights of the radio-ulna, metacarpal and metatarsal bones were not significantly affected by gender or treatment. Growth at the distal end of the radius during the last 2 mo of the experiment was significantly less in treated cattle than in controls (P < 0.01) and in steers than in bulls (P < 0.01). Zeranol resulted in larger pelvic openings (P < 0.01) in bulls and steers and reduced libido (P < 0.05) in treated bulls. Key words: Cattle, zeranol, bone growth, castration, carcass traits, sexual development

scholarly journals FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF YANKASA RAMS. 2 — EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF MAIZE WITH BREWERS' DRIED GRAINS OR PALM KERNEL MEAL.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A. S. Kwatu ◽  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
C. N. Chineme
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-five Yankasa rams about 11/2 years old and of average weight 27kg were randomly assigned to five experimental diets which were (l) a control with 60% concentrate, diets 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 had the corn replaced by 20% and 40°/o brewers' dried grain (BDG) and palm kernel meal (PKM) respectively. All animals were individually fed the diets for the 70 days of the study. Average daily gain (ADC) was significantly (P 0.05) depressed only at the 40% BDC, level when compared with that of the control. Dressing percentage and percentage yield of wholesale cuts were not affected by the treatments. Nitrogen digestibility was significantly (P 0.05) depressed at the 40% BDG level. Based on the total performance and cost considerations, it was economical to use 20% BDG and up to 40% PKM in ram fattening diets.

scholarly journals FEEDING VALUE OF SILAGE FROM A TILLERING AND A NONTILLERING HYBRID CORN

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. BOWDEN ◽  
N. B. McLAUGHLIN ◽  
S. FREYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Whole-plant silages made from a tillering corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) and a nontillering corn hybrid had similar digestibilities of dry matter, energy, and protein as assessed with wether sheep. When the silages were fed as the only feed for 56 days to yearling Hereford steers weighing an average of 370 kg, the intake of silage from the nontillering corn tended to be low and the steers only maintained their weight. Steers fed silage from the tillering corn gained 0.45 kg/day. However, with supplemental steamed, rolled barley being given for the remainder of the 112 days, average weight gains for the total period did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between steers on the two silages. When barley was fed with each of the silages at 0.5% of body weight, the average daily gain of steers for 112 days was the same for the two silages (0.79 kg/day). The digestible energy consumed per unit of gain did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between the two silages. We conclude that, when fed with a limited amount of barley, silages of equal feeding value could be made from tillering and nontillering corn hybrids grown in southern Alberta.

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Sericea Lespedeza Hay on Behavior, Heat Energy, and Ruminal Methane Emission by Growing Alpine Doelings and Katahdin Ewe Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Wei L Wang ◽  
Luana L Ribeiro ◽  
Italo L Portugal ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Twenty-four Alpine doelings (initial body weight (BW) and age of 25.3±0.55 kg and 10.4±0.11 mo, respectively) and 24 Katahdin ewe lambs (28.3±1.02 kg and 9.6±0.04 mo, respectively) were used to determine effects of dietary level of Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata; 10% condensed tannins) on heat energy and ruminal emission of the greenhouse gas methane determined with an open-circuit calorimetry system. Pens with Calan feeding gates were used in the study with four 6–7-wk periods. Diets (i.e., treatments) consumed ad libitum were 75% ground hay, alfalfa, a 1:1 mixture of alfalfa and lespedeza (AL), and lespedeza. Data were analyzed with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, repeated measure of period, and a mixed effects model. Feeders were open 195 and 205 min/d for Alpine and Katahdin (SEM=9.8) and longer (P &lt; 0.05) for diets with lespedeza (159, 209, and 231 min/d for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Rate of dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for Katahdin vs. Alpine (10.2 and 6.1 g/min) and for alfalfa than for AL and lespedeza (11.1, 8.1, and 6.7 g/min, respectively). Heat energy was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in MJ/d for Katahdin than for Alpine (10.19 vs. 7.90) and similar among diets (9.20, 9.40, and 8.53; SEM=0.266), but values in kJ/kg BW0.75 were similar between animal types (560 and 579; SEM=8.4) and greatest (P &lt; 0.05) among diets for AL (563, 592, and 553 for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Ruminal methane emission differed (P &lt; 0.05) between animal types in MJ/d (1.17 and 1.44), kJ/g DMI (1.39 and 1.23), and kJ/g average daily gain (ADG; 18.1 and 9.8 for Alpine and Katahdin, respectively). Regardless of period, diet did not impact methane emission in MJ/d or relative to DMI, BW, or ADG. In conclusion, it is unclear why dietary inclusion of lespedeza did not reduce ruminal methane emission as in previous studies. Species differences in methane relative to DMI and ADG (i.e., lower for sheep than for goats) deserve further attention.

scholarly journals Effect of Diet on Replacement Beef Heifer Growth and Reproductive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Janice G. P. Bowman ◽  
Bok F. Sowell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Beef Heifer ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred-one crossbred beef heifers (average weight 256.1 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of diet during an 84-day period, on growth and reproductive performance. The four treatments were: 1) grass hay; 2) grass hay + 0.9 kg/day barley; 3) grass hay + 1.8 kg/day barley; and 4) alfalfa hay. Heifers were assigned randomly to 12 pens by weight (three pens/treatment). Prior to feeding, barley was cracked through a roller-mill. Heifers consuming alfalfa hay or grass hay + 1.8 kg barley gained 39% faster (0.68 and 0.74 kg/day, respectively; P = 0.01) than heifers consuming grass hay alone (0.51 kg/day). Heifers consuming grass hay + 0.9 kg barley were intermediate in average daily gain (ADG; 0.63 kg/day). Hay intake was 16% greater (P < 0.10) by heifers consuming alfalfa hay, grass hay, and grass hay + 0.9 kg barley compared with those consuming grass hay + 1.8 kg barley (average 8.1 vs 7.0 kg/day). Using costs (USD) of $0.066/kg, $0.099/kg, and $0.0935/kg for grass hay, alfalfa hay, and barley, respectively, feed cost/day was greatest (P < 0.01) for alfalfa hay ($0.81/day), intermediate for the grass hay + barley diets (average $0.63/day), and lowest for grass hay ($0.53/day). Cost/kg gain was less (P < 0.10) for grass hay + 1.8 kg barley compared with alfalfa hay. No diet differences (P > 0.70) were found in reproductive performance of the heifers. Feeding replacement heifers alfalfa hay resulted in performance equivalent to feeding grass hay + 1.8 kg barley, but the alfalfa hay diet had a higher cost.

A preliminary evaluation of growth and carcass traits in Alpine and Boer goat crosses

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
P. A. Day ◽  
N. Patrick ◽  
H. D. Scheer ◽  
D. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain

Birth weights of Boer (BO) sired kids were 9% higher than Alpine (AL) sired kids. Weaning, 160 d weight and preweaning average daily gain (ADG) were similar for the AL × AL, AL × SA and BO × AL. Breed of dam was significant (P < 0.02) for birth, weaning, 100-d weight, and preweaning ADG. Similar dressing percentage (DP) and ribeye muscle area (REA) were observed among AL × AL, AL × SP, and BO × SP crosses. Key words: Crossbreeding, Boer, Alpine, growth, carcass, ultrasound

Evaluation of the bloodless castration procedure for feedlot bulls

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
K. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Daily Gain

Studies were undertaken to evaluate bloodless castration (B) based on growth and carcass traits. During the first 28 d, bloodless and surgical (S) castrates showed a 51–53% and 68–73% reduction in average daily gain, respectively, compared with intact bulls (I) (P < 0.05) in two trials. Bulls grew faster than steers overall. Carcass traits and grade were similar for B, S and I (P > 0.05). Key words: Bloodless, surgical, castration, growth, carcass traits

PLASMA INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN GROWING LAMBS FED MONENSIN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. MEARS ◽  
J. A. VESELY ◽  
K.-J. CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Daily Gain

Plasma insulin and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 62 monensin-treated lambs and 59 control lambs from four experiments that were conducted to determine the effect of monensin treatment on average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Plasma GH concentrations were lower in lambs that received monensin (P < 0.05–0.01). The effect was greater in ram than in ewe lambs (P < 0.03). Monensin treatment started when lambs were only a few weeks old and resulted in a more rapid GH response than when older lambs were treated. In some, but not all, of the experiments the lower plasma GH concentrations occurred in conjunction with an increase in ADG and an apparent increase in G:F. Monensin had little effect on plasma insulin concentrations. Key words: Lambs, monensin, growth hormone, insulin

scholarly journals Single Loci and Haplotypes in CAPN1 and CAST Genes are Associated with Growth, Biometrics, and in Vivo Carcass Traits in Santa Inês Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-483
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lima Machado ◽  
Ariana Nascimento Meira ◽  
Evandro Neves Muniz ◽  
Hymerson Costa Azevedo ◽  
Luiz Lehmann Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Single Locus Analysis ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstractµ-calpain (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) genes play key roles in protein turnover. The present study aimed to identify the variants in these genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep. A sample of 192 no full sibling Santa Inês lambs was used. Fragments of the CAST and CAPN1 genes were amplified and next-generation sequencing was performed in the MiSeq platform. Variants in the CAPN1 and CAST sequences were then detected using bioinformatic tools. Withers and croup heights, body length, thoracic and croup widths, thoracic and leg girths, body depth, carcass fat score, rib eye area, fat thickness, body weights were recorded at weaning and at 140 days post-weaning, and average daily gain post-weaning was calculated. Both single-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed with the model as follows: farm (2 levels), year (4 levels), the month of birth (12 levels), and the covariate age of the animal. The fragments amplified included 4,514 bp between the 20th and 23rd exons of CAST as well as 3,927 bp between the 12th and 21st exons of CAPN1. In these regions, 58 (CAST) and 45 (CAPN1) variants were identified. In the CAST gene, the single-locus analysis revealed 22 suggestive additive effects (P<0.05) on several growth and carcass traits. Moreover, haplotype substitutions were associated with rib eye area (–0.689±0.290), average daily gain (–23.6±10.4), thoracic girth (–2.72±1.27), body length (–3.38±1.49), and leg girth (–2.84±1.37). Regarding the CAPN1 gene, the single-locus analysis identified seven suggestive additive effects, while only one haplotype replacement effect on fat thickness (–0.0143±0.0053) was detected. The results of the present study suggest that variants in the CAPN1 and CAST genes are associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep, which may be a source of information to improve knowledge regarding the genetic control of these traits.

scholarly journals Relationships between feedlot health, average daily gain, and carcass traits of Angus steers

2012 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
M.L. Hands ◽  
T.T. Marston ◽  
L.R. Corah ◽  
Christopher D. Reinhardt ◽  
Justin W. Waggoner
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Daily Gain
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