In situ rumen degradation kinetics of timothy and alfalfa as affected by cultivar and stage of maturity

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yu ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Timothy 2 ◽  
Full Head

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cultivar and stage of maturity at cutting on rumen degradation characteristics of some feed components in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Two adapted cultivars of alfalfa (Pioneer and Beaver) and timothy (Climax and Joliette), grown in Saskatchewan (Canada), were cut at three stages: 1 = 1 wk before commercial cut (early bud for alfalfa; joint for timothy); 2 = at commercial cut (late bud for alfalfa; pre-bloom head for timothy); 3 = 1 wk after commercial cut (early bloom for alfalfa; full head for timothy). Rumen degradation characteristics, including rapidly degradable fraction (A), potentially degradable fraction (B), undegradable fraction (C), degradation rate (Kd), lag time (T0), and effective degradability (ED) of each component, were determined using in situ technique and analyzed by first order kinetic equation described by Ørskov and McDonald with lag time. The results showed that, in alfalfa, the cultivars have no effect on rumen degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). However, the stage of maturity at cutting has large effects on each component, except CP. Generally, with increasing stage of maturity, it decreased A or B and increased C without affecting Kd and T0, thus resulting in decreasing the ED fraction. In timothy, the cultivars have effects only on rumen degradation characteristics of CP. Climax has a higher effective degradability of CP (EDCP) than Joliette. The stage of maturity at cutting has a large impact on rumen degradation characteristics of each component. Increasing stage of maturity did not affect A, but reduced B and increased C without affecting Kd and T0, thus resulting in reducing ED fraction. In conclusion, Pioneer and Beaver alfalfa have similar rumen degradation characteristics for all feed components. Climax and Joliette timothy were different only on CP degradation pattern with Climax having a higher EDCP fraction than Joliette. The stage of maturity at cutting had a significant impact on rumen degradation characteristics for both forages. Generally, it decreased ED with increasing stage of maturity. Our results indicate that it is inappropriate to assume fixed degradation characteristics for a forage without considering factors such as stage of maturity at cutting. Key words: Chemical component, rumen degradation characteristics, forage, cultivar, maturity

scholarly journals Comparison of Chemical Composition and Rumen Degradation Kinetics of Three Forages: Whole Plant Barley, Whole Plant Foxtail Millet and Grass-Legume Hay

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
E. Darambazar ◽  
D. Damiran ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Whole Plant

<p>The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and <em>in situ</em> rumen degradability of whole plant barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em>), whole plant foxtail millet (<em>Setaria italica</em>) and smooth bromegrass (<em>Bromus inermis</em> <em>Leyss</em>)-alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa </em>L.) (grass-legume) hay, collected during a companion field grazing study. Relative to grass-legume hay, barley and millet were higher (P = 0.05) in crude protein (CP) and soluble CP, and lower (P = 0.02) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, neutral detergent insoluble CP, and acid detergent insoluble crude protein. The potentially undegradable fraction of CP averaged 32% lower for barley and millet, compared to grass-legume hay, while CP soluble fraction was 36 and 64% higher (P &lt; 0.05) for barley and millet, respectively, than for grass-legume hay. Millet had the highest NDF degradability (P = 0.03) and grass-legume hay the least. Barley and millet had greater (P = 0.02) effective degradability of dry matter (DM), CP, and NDF than grass-legume hay. Millet had the highest (P = 0.01) degradable and lowest undegradable fractions of DM and NDF, and lowest soluble fraction of NDF and rate of CP degradation (P &lt; 0.05). Results indicate that whole plant barley and millet have greater nutritive value than grass-legume hay and may be suitable annual forages for extensive grazing.</p>

scholarly journals SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED RATION ON IN SITU NUTRIENT DEGRADABILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Sani ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
E. Pangestu ◽  
F. Wahyono ◽  
J. Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Kinetics Of

Two adult male sheeps fitted with rumen cannula were used in two experiments to study the effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply in sugarcane bagasse based total mixed ration (TMR) on in situ nutrient degradation. The first experiment was aimed to create three TMR with different synchronization index. Ingredient feedstuffs of TMR were evaluated for its in situ organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation kinetics. On the basis of the OM and N degradation kinetics of feedstuffs, three sugarcane bagasse based TMR were formulated with synchronization indexes of 0.37; 0.50; and 0.63; respectively. The TMR had similar levels of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). In the second experiment, the three TMR with different synchronization index were evaluated for in situ degradability characteristics of OM, CP, NDF, and sulfur. The in situ degradation of OM in TMR were decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of synchronization index. The higher synchronization index in TMR increased (P<0.05) CP degradation of CP. The NDF degradation decreased slightly by the alteration of synchronization index in TMR. The higher synchronization index in TMR reduced (P<0.05) in situ sulfur degradation, and this may not support to effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply.  

scholarly journals In situ rumen degradation of kernels from short-season corn silage hybrids as affected by processing1,2

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan L Miorin ◽  
Lucia Holtshausen ◽  
Vern Baron ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Short Season

Abstract The objective of this in situ study was to evaluate the rumen degradability of kernels from short-season corn hybrids grown for silage in Western Canada (Lacombe, AB) and determine whether decreasing kernel particle size would enhance ruminal degradability in a similar manner for all hybrids. The study was a completely randomized design with 3 beef cows (replicates) and a 6 (hybrid) × 3 (particle size) factorial arrangement of treatments. Kernels were processed to generate three different particle sizes: large (2.3 mm), medium (1.4 mm), and small (0.7 mm). Processed samples were incubated in the rumen for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h using the in situ method and degradation kinetics of DM and starch were determined. Effective rumen degradability (ED) was estimated using a passage rate of 0.04 (ED4), 0.06 (ED6), and 0.08/h (ED8). Hybrids exhibited a range in whole plant DM content (23.7 to 25.0%), starch content (15.9 to 28.1% DM), kernel hardness (21.9 to 34.4 s/20 g) and density (3.57 to 4.18 g/mL), and prolamin content (8.24 to 11.34 g/100 g starch). Differences in digestion kinetics among hybrids were generally more pronounced for starch than DM. The hybrids differed in starch degradability (P &lt; 0.05), with earlier maturing hybrids having lower A fraction, lower kd, and lower ED, with hybrid effects on ED being accentuated with faster passage rate. Kernel DM content (r = −0.85, −0.87), hardness (r = −0.89, −0.86), and density (r = −0.84, −0.85) were negatively correlated with ED4 and ED8 of starch, respectively, due mainly to decreased kd of fraction B. Reducing the particle size of kernels increased ED of starch due to increased A fraction and kd of the B fraction. A tendency (P = 0.09) for hybrid × processing effects for ED6 and ED8 indicated that processing had greater effects on increasing ED of starch for earlier maturing hybrids. We conclude that short-season hybrids that mature early may have lower ED of DM and starch and would benefit from prolonged ensilage time. Kernel processing during silage making is recommended for short-season corn hybrids as a means of enhancing rumen availability of starch.

scholarly journals 55 The influence of kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) age on in situ rumen degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Joseph Gulizia ◽  
Kevin Downs ◽  
Song Cui
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Pueraria Montana

Abstract Early and late season kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) leaves were collected to analyze dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in situ rumen disappearance to assess kudzu quality. Four studies were conducted during different growing seasons [2 repeated early season (ES); 2 repeated late season (LS) to determine age variability effects. Kudzu collected from 7 middle Tennessee counties were incubated in the rumen for designated lengths of time (0.25, 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h) to determine total rumen degradation (%) and rate of disappearance (% / h). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with repeated measures. Regression analysis was used to determine degradation rate. Overall season effects (across incubation times) for dry matter disappearance (DMD) were significantly different (P < 0.0001). Significant season by incubation time interactions were exhibited for total DMD at 12 (P < 0.0001), 24 (P = 0.0004), 36 (P = 0.0055), 48 (P = 0.0209), and 72 h (P = 0.0384) incubation, with an average rumen degradability of ES kudzu being 9.75% higher than LS between 12 and 72 h. Slope regression between 1 and 24 h determined a rumen degradation rate of 2.41% / h across both seasons, with no significant seasonal difference (P = 0.3396). These results are indicative that ES kudzu is more highly rumen degradable than LS, as evidenced by the significant season by incubation time interactions between 12 and 72 h of incubation. Although there are significant seasonal effects on kudzu DMD during certain incubation times, DMD overall for ES and LS is still indicative of high rumen degradability with an average of 81.45% at 72 h across both seasons. Season effects were minimal for NDF, ADF, and CP rumen disappearance.

Review: Recent advances in evaluation of bags made from different textiles used in situ ruminal degradation

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Cláudia Batista Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Woven Textile ◽  
Internal Markers

Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E. and Sampaio, C. B. 2015. Review: Recent advances in evaluation of bags made from different textiles used in situ ruminal degradation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 493–498. Textile bags are used in the laboratory to analyze the indigestible contents (internal markers) of feedstuffs after in situ ruminal incubation. Information is needed on the rate and extent of degradation in the rumen using bags made from different materials. In situ techniques have been used extensively to measure the degradation of feedstuffs in the rumen. However, in situ techniques are prone to variability. This paper reviews the effects of particle size, the material from which bags are made, pore size, tensile strength of the bags, in situ estimation of the levels of indigestible compounds [indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF)], rumen degradation profiles, and the use of bags made from nylon (50 µm), F57 (Ankom®), and non-woven textile (100 g m−2).

In situ degradation of timothy conserved as restrictively or extensively fermented silage or as hay

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martineau ◽  
H. Lapierre ◽  
D. R. Ouellet ◽  
D. Pellerin ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Degradable Protein

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of three modes of preserving timothy (Phleum pratense L.) on in situ degradation of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. First-cut timothy was conserved as hay, as restrictively fermented silage (formic acid 85% applied at 6 L t-1 of fresh crop), or as extensively fermented silage (inoculation with a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae yielding 1.25 × 1011 total CFU t-1). Six mid-lactating Holstein cows, previously adapted to the tested forage, were used to study the in situ degradation of each forage type (two cows per forage type). Triplicate bags were filled with 3.5 g DM equivalent of chopped wet forage and incubated in the rumen during 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h. Zero-hour bags were not inserted in the rumen. The conservation method affected in situ degradation of CP. Haying decreased (P ≤0.03) soluble protein (fraction a), degradation rate (c), lag time and effective degradability of CP in the rumen, and increased (P < 0.01) potentially degradable protein (fraction b) when compared with ensiling. Restricting fermentation in silage decreased (P < 0.01) fraction a and increased (P = 0.01) CP fraction b when compared with extensively fermented silage. Results indicate that conserving timothy as hay significantly decreases solubility, rate and extent of protein degradation in the rumen when compared with ensiling. Results also show that solubilization of protein in silage can be reduced by restricting fermentation with formic acid as compared with promoting fermentation with a bacterial inoculant, without a concurrent decrease in the extent of protein degradation in the rumen. Key words: In situ degradation, timothy, hay, restrictively fermented silage, extensively fermented silage, formic acid, inoculation

scholarly journals In situ rumen degradation kinetics as affected by type of pasture and date of harvest

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Keim ◽  
Ximena Valderrama ◽  
Daniel Alomar ◽  
Ignacio Fernando López
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Rumen Degradation

PSXI-15 Evaluation of low-lignin alfalfa ‘Hi-Gest® 360’ on the Canadian prairies: productivity, nutrient profile, and rumen degradation kinetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 348-348
Author(s):  
Daalkhaijav Damiran ◽  
Bill Biligetu ◽  
Leah Pearce ◽  
Herbert Lardner
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Cutting Regimes

Abstract The study was conducted at Saskatoon, SK, Canada in the Dark Brown soil zone (52°07′N,106°38′W), to compare low-lignin Hi-Gest®360 alfalfa (Hi-Gest; Medicago sativa L.) to a conventional alfalfa (AC Grazeland) under two cutting regimes. Each cultivar was seeded in 2017 as both a monoculture and binary mixture (binary; Hi-Gest+HB and Grazeland+HB) with AC Success hybrid bromegrass (HB). Plot size was 1.2m×6m with 4 rows. Three years (2018–2020) result suggested that the first cut DMY was 1695±241 and 2151±276 kg/ha for the Hi-Gest and Grazeland, respectively. Hi-Gest had greater (P &lt; 0.05) TDN (68.4 vs. 66.6%, DM basis), NEm (1.7 vs. 1.6 Mcal/kg), IVNDFD48: (42.9 vs. 37.8%), but lower second cut DMY (1288 vs. 1560 kg/ha), ADF (26.3 vs. 28.7%), NDF (34.7 vs. 36.6%), compared to AC Grazeland. Under two cutting, Hi-Gest was numerically lower in total DMY (2983 vs. 3712 kg/ha; P = 0.114) relative to Grazeland. In first cut forage, Hi-Gest also was numerically lower in ADL (5.9 vs. 6.5%; P = 0.57) relative to AC Grazeland. Hi-Gest was similar (P = 0.15) with AC Grazeland in effectively degradable dry matter (EDDM; 622 g/kg DM), effectively degradable CP (EDCP; 689 g/kg CP). Hi-Gest alfalfa had greater (P = 0.05) effectively degradable neutral detergent fiber (EDNDF; 19% more; 340 vs. 285 g/kg NDF) relative to AC Grazeland alfalfa. In binary system, Hi-Gest+HB had (P = 0.02) greater EDCP (12% more; 526 vs. 468 g/kg CP), and numerically greater EDNDF (4.4% more; 259 vs. 248 g/kg NDF; P = 0.10) but had similar EDDM (409 g/kg DM) relative to Grazeland+HB mixture. Each percentage unit increase in alfalfa ADL concentration decreased EDNDF by 2.3 percentage units (EDNDF, % NDF = 46.0–2.93×ADL, % DM, r2=0.26, P &lt; 0.01). Although Hi-Gest yielded less (~25% less) than AC Grazeland, Hi-Gest had greater nutritive value compared to AC Grazeland; differed little for yield and quality in binary mixture, suggesting Hi-Gest can be a viable alternative legume for western Canadian prairies.

scholarly journals 148 The influence of kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) age on in situ rumen degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Joseph Gulizia ◽  
Kevin Downs ◽  
Song Cui
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Pueraria Montana

Abstract Early and late season kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) leaves were collected to analyze dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in situ rumen disappearance to assess kudzu quality. Four studies were conducted during different growing seasons [2 repeated early season (ES); 2 repeated late season (LS) to determine age variability effects. Kudzu collected from 7 middle Tennessee counties were incubated in the rumen for designated lengths of time (0.25, 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h) to determine total rumen degradation (%) and rate of disappearance (% / h). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with repeated measures. Regression analysis was used to determine degradation rate. Overall season effects (across incubation times) for dry matter disappearance (DMD) were significantly different (P < 0.0001). Significant season by incubation time interactions were exhibited for total DMD at 12 (P < 0.0001), 24 (P = 0.0004), 36 (P = 0.0055), 48 (P = 0.0209), and 72 h (P = 0.0384) incubation, with an average rumen degradability of ES kudzu being 9.75% higher than LS between 12 and 72 h. Slope regression between 1 and 24 h determined a rumen degradation rate of 2.41% / h across both seasons, with no significant seasonal difference (P = 0.3396). These results are indicative that ES kudzu is more highly rumen degradable than LS, as evidenced by the significant season by incubation time interactions between 12 and 72 h of incubation. Although there are significant seasonal effects on kudzu DMD during certain incubation times, DMD overall for ES and LS is still indicative of high rumen degradability with an average of 81.45% at 72 h across both seasons. Season effects were minimal for NDF, ADF, and CP rumen disappearance.

scholarly journals In situ and in vitro degradation kinetics and prediction of the digestible neutral detergent fiber of agricultural and agro-industrial byproducts

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1890-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Douglas dos Santos Pina ◽  
Mário Fonseca Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Industrial Byproducts
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