Frankfurters — acceptability under different retail lights

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
S. Barbut
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Fibre Optic Probe ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Optic Probe

Dark, medium, and light colour frankfurters (no-fat, low-fat, and regular fat level) were evaluated by panellists under incandescent (INC), fluorescent (FL), and metal halide (MH) light sources. INC illumination resulted in a higher colour preference (P < 0.05) for the medium and light products over that of the FL and MH illuminations; no significant difference was seen between FL and MH lighting. The panellists described the medium coloured frankfurters as pink under INC lighting, but more brown under FL and MH illumination. Relative luminance data, collected via a fibre optic probe connected to a photo diode array, demonstrated the reason to be the low red colour seen by the panellists under FL and MH light sources. For the dark colour frankfurters, there was no difference in colour preference scores among the three illumination sources. Key words: Colour, fat, frankfurters, light, meat, sausage, sensory, spectra

Effect of lighting on ground beef acceptability

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbut
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Fiber Optic Probe ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Optic Probe ◽  
Beef Color

The effects of incandescent (INC), cool-white fluorescent (FL), and metal halide (MH) light sources on the appearance of medium, lean, and extra lean ground beef meat were investigated. Meat color with INC illumination was preferred (P < 0.05) over that with MH illumination for all meat types, and over FL illumination for extra-lean and medium meats. The majority of the panelists described the meat as red under INC lighting, but brown or dark red under FL and MH lighting. Relative luminance data, collected with a fiber optic probe connected to a photo diode array, demonstrated the reason to be a lack of redness in the FL and MH light sources. Key words: Acceptability, beef, color, hamburger, meat, spectra, sensory

Laser Influence on Dental Sensitivity Compared to Other Light Sources Used During In-office Dental Bleaching: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
BGS Casado ◽  
EP Pellizzer ◽  
JR Souto Maior ◽  
CAA Lemos ◽  
BCE Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Analyses

Clinical Relevance The use of laser light during bleaching will not reduce the incidence or severity of sensitivity and will not increase the degree of color change compared with nonlaser light sources. SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate whether the use of laser during in-office bleaching promotes a reduction in dental sensitivity after bleaching compared with other light sources. Methods: The present review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and is registered with PROSPERO (CDR42018096591). Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published up to August 2018. Only randomized clinical trials among adults that compared the use of laser during in-office whitening and other light sources were considered eligible. Results: After analysis of the texts retrieved during the database search, six articles met the eligibility criteria and were selected for the present review. For the outcome dental sensitivity, no significant difference was found favoring any type of light either for intensity (mean difference [MD]: −1.60; confidence interval [CI]: −3.42 to 0.22; p=0.09) or incidence (MD: 1.00; CI: 0.755 to 1.33; p=1.00). Regarding change in tooth color, no significant differences were found between the use of the laser and other light sources (MD: −2.22; CI: −6.36 to 1.93; p=0.29). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, laser exerts no influence on tooth sensitivity compared with other light sources when used during in-office bleaching. The included studies demonstrated that laser use during in-office bleaching may have no influence on tooth color change.

DETERMINING AMMONIUM OXALATE-EXTRACTABLE Si IN SOILS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. WANG ◽  
P. A. SCHUPPLI
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Words Oxalate

Determination of oxalate-extractable Si and Al is useful in assessing the degree of accumulation of allophane-like materials in Podzolic soils. Three procedures were tested for determining Si: manual spectrophotometry, automated spectrophotometry and atomic absorption. For concentrations of oxalate-extractable Si above 0.5 g kg−1, there was no significant difference among results by the three procedures. For lower concentrations of Si, results by atomic absorption were higher than those by the spectrophotometric procedures. Determination by Si by autoanalyzer is the preferred procedure as it is convenient, sensitive and reliable. Key words: Oxalate Si, Podzolic soil, autoanalyzer

Faktor–faktor Gaya Pembuatan Keputusan dalam Pembelian Barangan di Kalangan Pengguna

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Panatik @ Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Fashion Consciousness ◽  
Dominant Influence

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor–faktor yang mempengaruhi gaya pembuatan keputusan serta perbezaan gaya pembuatan keputusan pengguna dalam membeli sesuatu barangan berdasarkan jantina dan etnik. Terdapat lapan faktor utama yang dikaji iaitu faktor kekeliruan terhadap pilihan yang banyak, tabiat setia kepada jenama, gerak hati, kesedaran kepada fesyen terkini, kesempurnaan kualiti, kesedaran kepada harga, rekreasi, dan kesedaran kepada jenama. Kajian deskriptif ini berdasarkan kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan 480 orang pengguna yang membeli–belah di tiga pasaraya terbesar di Johor Bahru (Pasaraya Giant di Plentong dan Tampoi serta Carefour). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa faktor kesempurnaan merupakan faktor yang paling tinggi mempengaruhi gaya pembuatan keputusan pembelian barangan di kalangan pengguna. Manakala tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam gaya pembuatan keputusan pengguna berdasarkan jantina. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan signifikan gaya pembuatan keputusan dalam pembelian barangan berdasarkan etnik Melayu, Cina dan India. Kata kunci: Gaya pembuatan keputusan, tingkah laku pengguna, pengguna The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence decision–making style among consumers as well as to identify consumers’ decision–making style differences based on gender and ethnics. Eight factors which influence decision making style among consumers were investigated such as confusion caused by too many choices, loyalty to brand, impulsiveness, novelty fashion consciousness, perfect quality, price conscious, recreational and brand conciousness. This descriptive study used a survey method which involved 480 consumers of three supermarkets in Johor Bahru (Giant at Plentong and Tampoi, and Carrefour). Results indicated that the perfect quality factor was the dominant influence on decision–making styles among respondents and that there is no difference of decision–making style based on gender. However, there is a significant difference of decision–making styles based on Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicity. Key words: Decision-making style, consumer behavior, consumer

Associations of melanocortin 1 receptor genotype with growth and carcass traits in beef cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim L McLean ◽  
Sheila M Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Fat Level

Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) is considered to be the main gene controlling the production of eumelanin or phaeomelanin, resulting in black or red coat colour of cattle. The recessive red allele, e, codes for a nonfunctional receptor, which does not bind the agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), allowing for the production of phaeomelanin, or red pigment, whereas the dominant ED allele binds α-MSH leading to the production of eumelanin. We hypothesized that black cattle would have more α-MSH bound to MC1R, which could result in more α-MSH binding to the appetite suppressing receptor, Melanocortin 4 Receptor. We genotyped 328 crossbred steers of various colours that were purchased at weaning and fed until slaughter. Black cattle of ED/ED or ED/e genotype had increased back fat and required significantly fewer days (15-25) on feed to reach a target fat level for slaughter than the red cattle. Red cattle of e/e genotype were found to have a significantly larger longissimus dorsi (l. dorsi), shipping weight and hot carcass weight. Differences were comparable whether black versus red coat colour or MC1R genotype were used as the criteria for the group of cattle. Key words: Coat colour, MC4R, MC1R, α-MSH, shipping weight

USE OF A FIBRE OPTIC PROBE FOR QUANTITATIVE IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STUDIES

The Lancet ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 297 (7703) ◽  
pp. 785-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E.D. Taylor ◽  
G.V. Heimer ◽  
O.M. Lidwell
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Quantitative Immunofluorescence ◽  
Immunofluorescence Studies ◽  
Fibre Optic Probe ◽  
Optic Probe

Vaccination against follistatin and the effect on ovulation rate in estrus-induced gilts

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
C. R. Christensen ◽  
M. J. Redmond ◽  
B. Laarveld
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Antibody Titers

Primiparous sows were vaccinated against follistatin to determine the effect on ovulation rate following typical commercial estrus induction and synchronization. Seventy-five gilts received four vaccinations against a recombinant porcine follistatin (FS) or a sham vaccine (CTL). At 85 kg, gilts were induced into estrus with a combination of PG600 and hCG and synchronized using PGF2α. At the second estrus, antibody titers ranged from 0 to1:6400 in the FS-vaccinated treatment group and no FS antibodies were detected in the CTL group. Late in the second subsequent luteal phase the reproductive tracts of the gilts that had displayed two estruses were collected. There was no significant difference in the number of corpora lutea (FS = 13.2 ± 0.5, CTL = 14.5 ± 0.7) or corpora albicantia (FS = 12.1 ± 1.9, CTL = 12.3 ± 2.0) between treatments. Follistatin-vaccinated gilts displayed an increased number of luteal structures which resembled corpora hemorrhagica (P = 0.04). This study shows that vaccination of gilts against FS concurrent with estrus induction and synchronization affected ovarian morphology, although an effect on ovulation rate was not apparent. Key words: Swine, follistatin, immunoneutralization, fecundity, ovulation rate

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